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Antitrust Investigation Dropped. - The Department of Justice announced that it was dropping its 5-year investigation of the aluminum industry. The investigation was over whether the aluminum companies were acting as if they were a shared monopoly. Deep Seabed Mining. - The Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has established an Office of Ocean Minerals and Energy which will be responsible for implementing the Deep Seabed Nard Minerals and Energy Act and the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Act. It will establish licensing and regulatory programs.

Jan 1, 1980

By H. J. Rose, H. H. Lowry

Considerable information on the organization of German fuel research and recent developments was obtained and published in several combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee Reports. This material, although avail- able in the initial reports, has never been consolidated, so that it may not have come to the attention of many readers. This report gives a summation of the authors' observations at six different research laboratories.

Dec 1, 1947

By M. J. Dailey

This paper is one of a series being prepared by the United States Bureau of Mines on mining practices, methods, and costs in the various mining districts of the United States. The property of the Silver King Coalition Mines Co. is situated in the western past of the Park City mining district, Utah, about 1 ½ miles southwest of the town of Park City, The elevation at the collar of the main shaft is 8,137 feet above sea-level.

Jan 1, 1930

By David C. Chang

A survey of in-situ methods for determining bulk electric properties of coal is given. Largely because of the strong dependence of coals properties on operating frequency, different sensing methods have to be adopted for different applications. Evaluation of both established and feasible methods is made in this report from the viewpoint of physical set-up, probing depth, and the type of inversion involved.

Jan 1, 1977

By J. W. Walkiewicz

Studies were conducted by the Bureau of Mines to develop a method for fabricating Sm-Co permanent magnets. This method consisted of arc-melting, crushing and grinding the alloy, alining and pressing the powder, and sintering the green compacts. Results indicated that the optimum composition was 36.7±0.3 weight-percent Sm and 63.3±0.3 weight-percent Co. This composition was obtained by blending together Sm2C07 and SmCo5. The maximum values exper¬imentally obtained were MHC = 27.4 kOe, BHc = 7,510 Oe, Br = 7,810 G, and (BH)max = 15.1 MGOe. The optimum sintering temperatures and grinding times for maximum MHc and (BH)max were determined. Lowering the grinding temperature from 0° C to -60° C resulted in a significant increase of magnetic properties.

Jan 1, 1973

By Iain Finnie

This report is in three parts. The first part presents a review of theoretical models which have been developed to study removal operations for various types of materials. In the second part, a brief summary is given of coal cutting research. The majority of this work has been carried out in Britain using chisel type bits rather than the conical picks which are in general use in this country. However, a comparison of specific energies measured for conical picks in the laboratory and in the mine shows very encouraging correspondence. In the third part of the report, analytical models for coal cutting by picks are suggested. An extension of the British "tensile breakage" theory, developed for chisels, is given for picks. The role of crushing and cutting in coal removal is discussed as a theory which combines the two processes is shown to give reasonable predictions for specific energy requirements. Finally, directions in which the existing theory could be improved are presented and the need for further research is emphasized.

Jan 1, 1977

By Gerald L. Finlinger

This Bureau of Mines publication reviews underground methane drainage programs being conducted in various coalbeds. Equipment used in drainage programs such as drills, underground pipelines, and methane monitoring systems is described.

Jan 1, 1980

By E. C. Foster

The project objective of this contract is to design, develop, and demonstrate a dust collecting system for auger head miners, used in coal seams 40 inches or less in height, which will reduce respirable dust below the limits established by the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969. This system was to be incorporated into 3 Wilcox Mark 20 continuous miner. In order to accomplish this, the objective was divided in three main areas. First: To develop a dust control system which would remove by isolation, respirable dust from the face area and areas where miners work. Second: To develop a dust scrubbing system to remove and collect float dust before the air reaches the return airway. Third: To reduce the overall noise levels to which the miners are exposed.

Jan 1, 1974

By W. J. Campbell

This report by the Federal Bureau of Mines Particulate Mineralogy Unit recommends mineralogical definitions and identification-characterization concepts for selected silicate minerals and their asbestiform varieties. Precise definitions acceptable to mineral analysts, regulatory personnel, and medical scientists are essential because of the present lack of conformity in terminology concerned with measuring and controlling asbestiform particulates and their related health effects. Because of the complexity and variability of crystal morphology in different mineral groups, the descriptive terms are generally explained by illustration rather than by numerical values. Applications and limitations of several analytical techniques for particulate identification and characterization are discussed.

Jan 1, 1977

By S. M. Shelton, W. A. Calhoun, M. M. Fine, T. L. Johnston

"INTRODUCTION An extensive test program is in progress by the Bureau of Mines to determine ways and means of recovering ferromanganese-grade ore 6/ from the wide-spread domestic manganese and manganiforous iron deposits. Samples for testing were received from the Interstate Manganese Co. in northeastern Tennessee, 11 miles west of Mountain City and 10 miles southwest of Damascus Va. The ore deposit occurs in the residual material of the Shady dolomite 7/ as an unconsolidated mixture of hard and soft manganese oxides and clay.Numerous tunnels and pits have developed a large reserve of ore in an area of about 15 acres. One pit 250 by 50 by 20 feet is being mined by rower shovels. The ore is hauled to a washing plant for log-washing, hand-sorting, and jigging. Coarse concentrates from the washing plant are marketed without further beneficiation.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors wish to acknowledge the assistance of R. F. Fisher, who made the roasting and magnetic tests."

Mar 1, 1942

By E. H. Burroughs

This bulletin is the fourth in the series of petroleum bibliographies being published by the Bureau of Mines, the three preceding, Bulletins 149, 165, and 180, being compilations for the years 1915, 1916, and 1917, respectively. In this bulletin the same general plan has been followed in arranging the references, but a few changes and additions have been made in the classification, the more important changes being in the classes "Geology and Origin" and "Refining and Refineries." Dl1'ring the year German periodicals were not available, and, as in the bibliography for 1917, references to articles in foreign journals that were not available have been taken' from other sources and credit given to those sources.

Jan 1, 1921

By G. T. Krempasky

This report covers the installation and evaluation of lb reinforced concrete sets, 6 in each of 3 mines in the Goeur d'Alene mining district, Shoshone County, Idaho, and is the second of a series to determine the feasibility of a more permanent type of mine support. Closure measurements, where applicable, were made periodically of the concrete-set installations and were compared to the initial cross section of the sets. A different method of blocking was used at each test site; at one test site the type of blocking was changed several times during the test. Results from each test site are reported separately. No attempt was made to compare the cost of the concrete installations with the cost of other types of support used in the district. Such an evaluation of permanent types of support would require a longer period of time. At this time, tests are not complete enough to determine the applicability of underground concrete supports. However, results to date tend to confirm the general opinion that precast concrete mine supports could be used to advantage in openings that require support and must have long life, especially where decay of timber is an important factor.

Jan 1, 1963

By Jacob Schoder

This is one of a series of papers published by the Bureau of Mines on mining and milling methods and costs. The Tennessee-Schuylkill Corporation, Chloride, Ariz., mines and mills a lead-zinc ore containing gold, silver, and a small amount of copper. The mill products are lead and zinc concentrates that are shipped to smelters. The company was the second largest producer of lead and zinc in Arizona in 1937 and was seventh in gold production. Operations discussed are those being conducted at the mine in October 1938 and are representative of the complete operating period from 1936 to date.

Jan 1, 1939

By Roy H. Grau

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has conducted research to improve the ventilation of large-opening mines whose entries are at least 93m2 (1,000 ft2). The ventilation of large-opening mines is unique compared to other types of mines because (1) it is challenging to keep airflow velocities high enough to effectively remove or dilute airborne contaminants because the entries are so large, (2) large air volumes can be moved through the mines with little static pressure drop, and (3) stoppings that are used to direct ventilation airflows are costly to construct and to maintain. The research results suggest that the ventilation of large-opening mines is improved significantly by incorporating ventilation planning into the mine planning process, using propeller fans to direct airflow, developing new stopping materials and construction methods, and using long pillars to eliminate crosscuts where possible.

Jan 1, 2009

By A. C. Johnson, es Hol, E. O. Binyon

"INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARYThe tungsten properties of Lincoln Mines, Inc., and North Tem Flute Mining and Development Co. were first explored by the Bureau of Mines in 1942. Work on the project comprised trenching, sampling, a small amount of road and trail construction, and a small amount of core drilling. From April 13 to December 10, 1944, additional diamond drilling was done by the Bureau of Mines to test the lateral and downward extensions of the various tactite zones along the contact south of the Lincoln mine, including the property of the North Tem Piute Mining & Development Co.Claims leased by the Lincoln Mines, Inc., are in secs. 25 and 36, T. 3 S., R. 56 E.; secs. 30 and 31, T. 3 S., R. 57 E.: and sec. 1, T. 4 S., R 56 E., M. D. B. & M., in the Tem Piute Mining District, near the north end of the Timpahute Range in west central Lincoln County, Nev. D. B. Fegles is president of Lincoln Mines, Inc. and general offices are in the Wesley Temple Building, Minneapolis, Minn.In June 1945, the Atolia Mining Co. leased the property and purchased the mill and mining equipment from Lincoln Mines, Inc. P. R. Bradley is president of the Atolia Mining Co., whose offices are in the Crocker Building, San Francisco, Calif. This company surrendered the lease on the property on September 30, 1948. The property owners are continuing operations and are now engaged in building a 20-ton mill.The claims of the North Tern Flute Mining & Development Cc. are in sec. 1, T. 4 S., R. 56 E., M. D. B. & M. Merle F. Schofield is president of the company and maintains an office at Hike, Nev. These claims were leased by H. P. Laslett, of the Utah Nevada Mining Co., in 1945 and by the Atolia Mining Co. in 1946. The owners are now doing some exploratory work."

Jan 1, 1950

By W. T. Westbrook

This Bureau of Mines report contains methods for analyzing iron are for total iron, ferrous iron, metallic iron, silica, manganese, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, titanium, carbon, sulfur, moisture loss, and ignition loss by wet chemical methods. Some are modifications of standard umpire methods; others have been developed by the Bureau of Mines to provide a com-bination of speed and accuracy. They are suitable for a high volume of samples and/or control situations, and for situations in which instrumental results must be verified. These methods have been used to analyze taconites, native ores, some foreign ores, and metallurgical products.

Jan 1, 1975

By E. L. McHugh, R. T. Mayerle, J. M. Girard

Ground control problems at surface mining operations can occur for a variety of reasons. Stress, gravity loading, rock strength, geology, pore pressure, weather effects, underground workings, and many other factors contribute to slope instabilities that range from small rock falls to massive slides of material. While some of these failures can be predicted or controlled by preventive measures, each year many completely unexpected failures occur. Current methods for monitoring generally involve measuring displacements at a few, selected points in and around the suspected area of instability. While most of the displacements along these points will be in a downslope direction, freeze-thaw cycles of water-filled joints, horizontal stresses or pressure, buoyancy in saturated soils, human measurement errors, or other situations can produce deformation in almost any direction, even without any instability in the slope. Determination of which, if any of the observed movements represents a potential hazard is essential. Because of the enormous surface area of many large open-pit mines, several varieties and scales of instability can occur. Small, unexpected rock falls may indeed be more hazardous than a massive failure that involves slow displacement of material over a longer period of time. Complete vigilance to detect all small potential falling blocks is neither feasible nor economical and certainly is not attainable using today's most common point displacement monitoring techniques. As part of an on-going study at the Spokane Research Laboratory, several new methods for monitoring slope instabilities are being investigated. This paper describes the potential adaptation of systems such as interferometric synthetic aperture radar, imaging spectroscopy, and time-domain reflectometry, to slope monitoring and design.

By William W. Adams

The stone-quarrying industry of the United States, including such related operations as rock crushing, rock dressing, and the manufacture of cement and lime, reported a larger volume of employment in 1934 than in 1933. Reports from the operating companies to the United States Bureau of Mines showed an increase in the number of men employed, number of man-days of employment, and total number of man-hours of labor performed during the year. Moreover, the average worker had a longer period of employment during 1934, the gain amounting to 11 percent over 1933. The increase in employment was accompanied by no increase in accidents for the industry as a whole; in fact, the accident rate for 1934 was a fraction lower than the rate for 1933. In some branches of the industry the frequency of accidents increased, but these increases were more than offset by reductions in rates for other branches. Reports for 1934 were received from 1,403 active plants. The working force averaged 64,331 men for 204 days per man, and the total period of employment for all of the men was 95,258,880 man-hours. Each employee averaged 1,481 hours of work during the year. The total number of hours of labor represented a gain of more than 8 percent, and the average working time per employee showed a gain of 62 hours per man.

Jan 1, 1936

By Halagowder Devaraj, Mostafa Sheykhnazari, Veer P. Bhavanandan

"A sensitive colorimetric assay for detecting mucins and glycoproteins rich in 0-glycosidically linked saccharides is reported. The method combines the susceptibility of N-acetylgalactosamine terminating 0-glyco idically linked saccharides to P-elimination with the Morgan-Elson reaction for N-acetylhexosamines with free reducing ends. All mucin and mucin-type glycoproteins but none of the serum-type glycoproteins tested resulted in characteristic color production. All mucins tested gave linear responses in the range 5 to 200 ""g and the assay was also adapted to the microscale involving the use of 96-well microtiter plates. The microassay in which the volumes of samples and reagents are scaled down 2.5-fold was particularly useful in monitoring of mucins, in the presence of other glycoconjugates, in large numbers of samples obtained during fractionation procedures. Cesium chloride, cesium bromide, potassium thiocyanate, and various detergents do not interfere with the colorimetric determination. Guanidine hydrochloride, cesium triftuoroacetate, and B-mercap- . toethanol decreased color by 30 to 45%; however, the interference was not serious to prevent the use of the method for detection of mucins in their presence. The use of the method for the specific detection of mucin during fractionation by gel filtration and density gradient centrifugation of cystic fibrosis sputum samples is demonstrated. Mucins are an important class of biomacromolecules whose structure-function relationship is poorly understood (1,2). The investigations of mucins are hampered by difficulties in purifying these very large size molecules which appear to avidly bind other components of the mucus (3,4). One of the problems during purification is the specific detection of mucins. For example, during the various purification steps, the fractions containing mucins are typically detected by assaying for neutral sugars (hexoses) (5,6), for sialic acids (7), or for periodate oxidizable saccharide units (8). However, these methods are not entirely satisfactory because neutral sugars, sialic acids, and periodate-oxidizable saccharides are also components of other glycoconjugates. In addition, the neutral sugar and sialic acid measurements are also subject to interference from high levels of proteins and nucleic acids."

Jan 1, 1990

By William H. King

The Nevada Massachusetts tungsten deposits (fig. 1) are in the Mill City Mining District in north-central Pershing County, Nev., about 37 miles southwest of Winnemucca. Contact metamorphism of thin limestone beds within a series of metamorphosed sedimentaries formed scheelite-bearing ore bodies. These deposits are distributed over a wide area. A Bureau of Mines development program was started January 11 d was completed on July 25, 1941. This work was centered on the outer and less explored beds in the district and comprised trenching, sampling, and diamond drilling. Exploratory work was done in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey. Project work substantially increased the reserve tonnage of marginal ore in three of the areas explored and proved the nonexistence of tungsten in a fourth area. The following pages summarize the history of the district, outline property ownership, and describe physical features and ore deposits. The plan and results of the work performed by the Bureau of Mines are presented along with geologic and topographic maps, assay maps, and diamond drill-hole logs.

Jan 1, 1950