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By Tony Lipiec, Greg Gosson

"When it comes to new mines being developed, there is a general industry consensus that most low-hanging fruit has been picked. Many projects currently in the mine development pipeline have been around for decades, but were held back because of technical challenges. Future development of these deposits will likely require access to the public capital markets, and in Canada that means providing scientific and technical disclosure on these deposits in compliance with NI 43-101. As many of these “challenged” projects have metallurgical issues, the companies that own the projects need to ensure their metallurgical Qualified Persons provide transparent disclosure regarding proposed solutions to those issues.This paper provides an overview of the disclosure requirements under NI 43-101 that are pertinent to metallurgists, and other Qualified Persons who prepare technical disclosure regarding the metallurgical characteristics of a mineral project. It lists the triggers for a technical report under NI 43-101 and Canadian stock exchange policies, and identifies the sections of the report that should involve input from a metallurgist or process engineer. It briefly outlines new civil liabilities under Canadian securities laws that increase the possible consequences for not complying with the technical disclosure standards.These materials are provided for general information purposes only and do not constitute legal advice. Readers are advised to seek specific legal advice from their own legal counsel in relation to any decision or course of action contemplated."

Jan 1, 2010

By Robert Dickson

Princess colliery is operated by Old Sydney Collieries, Limited, a direct descendant of the General Mining Association of London, England, which, in the first quarter of the nineteenth century, pioneered in coal mining in Nova Scotia. The coal worked is a 5 ft. 6 in. seam known generally through the Sydney coalfield as the Harbour seam but referred to locally as the Sydney Main. Entry is made by shafts, 680 feet deep, sunk in 1871 on a headland forming the northern entrance to Sydney harbour. From them extend the main roadways of the colliery, a distance of 700 feet to the shore line and a further distance of 14,700 feet in submarine areas to a total length of 15,400 feet. It was the first colliery in Nova Scotia designed to work submarine areas. Lateral development extends across a frontage of 16,000 feet and the submarine area from which the coal has been extracted is slightly over 6 square miles. There yet remains sufficient territory ahead of the workings to assure a future life to this colliery estimated at over 80 years at the current rate of production. In this area the seam dips at 6 to 7 per cent and face workings have reached a depth of 1,690 feet below the sea level. Until 1923 extraction of the coal was by room-and-pillar, followed by the drawing of the pillars. At that date the superincumbent strata had reached a thickness of 1,400 feet, resulting in heavy weighting on the roof and severe side pressure on the coal ribs. In combination with a soft, heaving pavement this created a set of conditions involving great difficulties and expense in keeping open places driven in the solid sufficiently long to permit recovery of the coal in the pillars by methods and equipment then available. The operator was forced to resort to extraction by longwall as the only economical method of winning the coal.

Jan 1, 1948

By J. Stiksma, R. Kalanchey, M. J. Collins, G. Owusu, R. Raudsepp, K. R. Buban, L. A. Barta, I. M. Masters

This paper describes the results of testwork for the treatment of Ambatovy laterite ore by a pressure acid leach process, with recovery of the soluble nickel and cobalt values as mixed sulphide intermediate by precipitation with hydrogen sulphide, and subsequent refining of the mixed sulphide to nickel and cobalt metals. These process development studies were carried out primarily in 2004, as part of a bankable feasibility study for the Ambatovy Nickel Project. The Ambatovy orebody is located in Madagascar. The mini pilot plant testwork was carried out in the Dynatec metallurgical laboratory in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta. The results of the testwork were very encouraging, including nickel and cobalt extractions in the range of 95.5% to 97.0%, and 94.0% to 97.0%, respectively, in the ore leach step with sulphuric acid. High recoveries of nickel and cobalt were achieved throughout the remaining process steps, yielding separate nickel and cobalt metal powders with better than acceptable purity.

Jan 1, 2005

By Rob Boom, Yasuyuki Tozaki, Frank M. Wheeler

Selection of a suitable site for a metallurgical plant is crucial for the success of the business case. For a brownfield project, with the decision to locate the project on a site with existing production facilities and activities, the selection of the site has been made. For a greenfield project, important economic and logistical considerations include proximity to primary and secondary resources and/or to the market, infrastructure, and access to energy and water. National and regional aspects, including the social license to operate, can be decisive in final site selection. Key to recruiting and retaining a labour force are proximity to urban areas, along with weather and health conditions at the site. Risk factors include site geotechnical parameters and topography, contamination, as well as probability and types of potential natural disasters.

Jan 1, 2015

By T. MacKinnon, M. C. Bétournay, D. Eastick, F. C. Delabbio, C. Graves

"The successful implementation of a new technology in an underground production mine requires many challenges to be overcome. These challenges include mine hardening of new technology, mitigation of safety risks and hazards, mine operation support, and technology transfer to mine staff. In the end, the majority of these challenges relate to the human aspects of implementation. The approach selected to overcome these challenges must be customized and appropriate for each unique situation.This paper outlines the approach used to address these challenges as part of successful implementation and resulting demonstration of the hydrogen fuel cell locomotive at the Placer Dome (CLA) Limited Campbell Mine. This technology demonstration at Campbell Mine is critical for determining technical, regulatory, and implementation aspects to be incorporated into future fuel cell prototypes such as the LHD project."

Jan 1, 2005

By Robert Harris, Peter Pheeney

"The Murray Brook gold mine operated from September 1989 to March 1991. Approximately 1.2 million tonnes of gossan were mined from an open pit and treated at a rate of 900 tonnes per day. The facility applied an agglomeration vat-leaching cyanidation plant for gold and silver recovery. The leached ore or tailings were rinsed of residual gold and cyanide and placed on an adjacent clay lined pad for storage and containment. A 50,000 tonne heap-leach demonstration project was constructed at Murray Brook in 1992 to recover copper and zinc from ore located in a sulfide-rich zone occurring beneath the gossan. The operation proved unsuccessful because of poor recoveries and low metal prices. The project terminated in the same year.A corporate decision was made in September 1999 to undertake complete and final reclamation of the Murray Brook site. Jacques Whitford and Associates Limited were contracted to develop the final reclamation plan and to assist the company in presenting the plan to the New Brunswick government for approval. The government approved the plan in January 2000. Two important reclamation issues were the mobility of mercury from the gossan tailings and the potential of acid mine drainage from exposed sulfides. The mine site is situated upstream of a productive river system, and the issue or impact of chemistry changes to the environment over the long term became an overriding factor in the development of the reclamation plan.A resource assessment of the gossan tailings in 1999 indicated an average concentration of mercury of 40 ppm. The mercury occurred naturally as the mineral cinnabar, but the exposure to residual cyanide (less than 10 ppm) over several years in the pile has likely caused much of the cinnabar to decompose into more soluble mercury forms. The reclamation plan specified the replacement of all sulfides to the pit followed by approximately 600,000 tonnes of gossan. To ensure “fixing” of the mercury, the gossan was replaced in compacted lifts and both the remaining pile and that replaced to the pit covered with available till and compacted. The reclamation work was successfully completed in September 2000 and the chemistry of the receiving environment will be monitored over a three-year period, after which the company expects to achieve walk away conditions."

Jan 1, 2001

By S. Klingmann, G. Blackwell

"Terrestrial photogrammetry has been used for many years to build three-dimensional pictures for analytical purposes. Photographs can include images from open pit mine walls, ground topography, mine buildings infrastructure or accident scenes. Analysis and co-ordinate estimation in early photogrammetric systems demanded the use of specialized and costly optical-mechanical stereocomparators. Few of these instruments could be interfaced with computers to provide databases, and all required trained personnel with good perspective vision to collect data.Digital photogrammetric software has replaced these older systems, and the digital video plotter (DVP) is a simple computerized system utilizing readily available PCs to quickly produce a stereoscopic model of any scene where an area of overlap exists in photographs taken from two different locations. Specialized cameras providing reference marks or grids on the photographs are still necessary for detailed analysis in three dimensions.This paper describes the application of DVP to the three-dimensional analysis of strike, dip and location of dominant fracture planes visible on an open pit wall slope, and the intersection of planar features which might reduce wall stability. Where reference survey points cannot be provided because access by personnel to the photographic scene is impossible for safety reasons, normal case terrestrial photogrammetry can provide the necessary control points for more complex aerial photogrammetry geometries.DVP recreates the geometry existing at the moment photographs are taken, providing the user with the ability to safely recreate, compare and analyze the structures determining the stability of open pit wall slopes."

Jan 1, 2003

By G. Warren

"In the past, smelting and refining of the precious metals recovered from ore has been generally looked upon as a small and relatively minor component of the business of gold mining. This is not surprising when one considers that the manpower, space and capital components of a gold refinery at an operating mine can be several orders of magnitude smaller than other unit operations at the same location. This philosophy is changing however, as economic and environmental pressure are forcing a re-evaluation of all aspects of gold mining and milling.This paper describes and evaluates three furnace technologies available and used by precious metal operators. The operation of arc, induction, and reverberatory furnaces are discussed and their strengths and weaknesses with respect to capital cost, impurity removal, slag quality, and environmental concerns highlighted.INTRODUCTIONIn the past, smelting and refining of precious metals recovered from ore has been generally looked upon as a small and relatively minor component of the business of gold mining. This is not surprising when one considers that the manpower, space, and capital components of a gold refinery at an operating mine can be several orders of magnitude smaller than other unit operations at the same location. Generally, gold producers will spend a great deal of effort to squeeze the last drop of efficiency out of a leach or grinding circuit via simulation or testwork but will design and build the refinery based upon past practices or industry standards. That past practices or industry standards will provide a functional refinery is undisputed; that this philosophy achieves the efficiencies that are possible or demanded in other plant operations is debatable.Environmental and worker hygiene requirements are considerations as well. Pollution control equipment can become a substantial contributor to both the capital and operating costs of a refinery and furnace selection has a marked influence upon the type and cost of this equipment. Slag characteristics and subsequent processing options available also play a role in furnace selection as precious metal slag losses and the recovery effort can greatly influence the cost / benefit analysis of a particular technology."

Jan 1, 2001

By A. R. Harrington

BEFORE discussing some of the technical aspects of the steam generating plants of Nova Scotia Light and Power Company, Limited, it might be of interest to go back through history and see the development of steam generation in this public utility. Back around 1902 Nova Scotia Light and Power Company, Limited, had three slide-valve engines in-stalled at its Water Street, Halifax, generating station for a total capacity of 1,800 kilowatts. The plant remained at about this size until 1910 and in 1911 a 2,000 kilowatt steam turbine was installed to raise the total capacity of the plant to 3,800 kilowatts. In 1916, a 3,000 kilowatt turbine was installed and one of the slide-valve engines was removed to make a total plant capacity of 6,200 kilowatts. The total demand in the Company's service 8rea was at that time 4,000 kilo-watts.

Jan 1, 1958

By L. R. Fyffe, D. R. Lentz, S. H. Mcclenaghan

"Abstract - The Eel River area in the southwestern Miramichi terrane of New Brunswick contains a complete calc-alkaline suite of volcanic rocks that are interlayered with intervals of sedimentary and polylithic fragmental rocks, and are overlain by a thick sedimentary sequence. This package, collectively referred to as the Meductic Group, was deposited in a submerged volcanic arc setting interpreted to be part of the Popelogan arc. Rifting of this arc led to the development of the Tetagouche-Exploits back-arc basin, and formation of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in bimodal volcanic rocks of the Bathurst Mining Camp in the northeastern Miramichi Terrane. Unlike the Bathurst Mining Camp, volcanic rocks in the southeastern Miramichi Highlands form a continuous calc-alkaline suite characterized by increasing Zr/TiO2 with increasing SiO2, in part resulting from progressive coupled assimilation and fractional crystallization of nested magma systems. Slumping of semi-consolidated volcanic and sedimentary rocks in topographically unstable areas resulted in numerous slumps and debris flows that are preserved throughout the Eel River area. In the early 1990s, the discovery of a large sulfide clast in a road cut along the Benton road sparked interest in the volcanogenic massive sulfide potential of the Eel River area. Subsequent drilling intersected smaller fragments, one clast of which graded 16.7% Zn, 5.6% Pb, 90 ppm Ag, and 220 ppb Au. The intersection of thin lenses of stratiform sulfides in another drillhole indicates favorable conditions for the preservation of massive sulfides. Their subsequent incorporation into synvolcanic debris flows resulted in the transport and deposition of sulfide clasts from hydrothermal vents to more distal locations. Similar to the Buchans deposits of Newfoundland, tracing these debris flows back to their source would be beneficial from an exploration perspective. Approximately 15 km to the southwest of the Eel River area, gold-bearing base metal sulfide clasts (11.1% Zn, 6.13% Pb, 0.19% Cu, 108 ppm Ag, and 1100 ppb Au) occur within intermediate-composition volcanic rocks at Monument Brook in eastern Maine. Sommaire - Le secteur d’Eel River dans le sud-ouest de la terrane de Miramichi au Nouveau Brunswick contient une séquence complète de roches volcaniques calco-alcalines interstratifiées avec des roches sédimentaires et fragmentaires polylithologiques, sous une épaisse couverture sédimentaire. Cet assemblage constitue le Groupe de Meductic, et a été déposé dans un environnement d’arc insulaire interprété comme une partie de l’arc de Popelogan. Le rifting de cet arc à mené au développement du bassin d’arrière-arc de Tetagouche-Exploits, et à la formation de gisements de sulfures massifs volcanogènes dans les roches volcaniques bimodales du Camp Minier de Bathurst dans le nord-est de la terrane de Miramichi. Contrairement au Camp Minier de Bathurst, les roches volcaniques des hautes terres du sud-est de Miramichi constituent une suite calco-alcaline continue caractérisée par un accroissement du rapport Zr/TiO2 à des valeurs croissantes de SiO2, résultant en partie de l’assimilation progressive et de la cristallisation fractionnée de systèmes magmatiques superposés. L’effondrement de roches volcaniques et sédimentaires semi-consolidées dans des secteurs topographiquement instables est à l’origine des nombreux slumps et coulées de débris qui sont préservés dans le secteur d’Eel River. Au début des années 1990, la découverte d’un large claste de sulfures le long de la route Benton provoqué un intérêt pour le potentiel en gisements de sulfures massifs volcanogènes dans les secteur d’Eel River. Des forages ont par la suite recoupé des fragments plus petits, dont un claste qui a retourné des teneurs de 16.7% Zn, 5.6% Pb, 90 ppm Ag et 220 ppb Au. Le recoupement de minces lentilles de sulfures stratiformes dans un autre forage indique des conditions propices à la préservation des sulfures massifs."

Jan 1, 2006

By Y. Guglielmi, C. Gout, P. Henry, P. Dick

The key questions about fault reactivation in shales concern the potential enhanced fluid displacement through a previously low-permeability aseismic shale formation. Here we selected a critically-stressed fault cross-cutting the underground research facility of Tournemire (France) which is located in Toarcian shales. Several inclined boreholes were drilled across the 8.5 m thick fault zone characterized by a fractured damage zone (FDZ) and a central 2.4 m thick complex core (FC) made of multiple shear bands with gouge intercalated with highly fractured lenses. The fault was pressurized using a straddle packer system defining a 2.4m long injection chamber normal to the fault surface. Three fault zone intervals were tested, two in the fault damage zone and one in the fault core. A three-dimensional displacement sensor set in the chamber allowed continuous synchronous coupled monitoring of fault movements, injection pressure and flow rate. An anticlockwise 0.22-to-0.05 mm fault slip was captured associated with a 10-to-100 hydraulic aperture increase of the fault. Preliminary analyses of the experiments show that leakage in the fault zone is controlled by strength and stress magnitude contrasts between the fault core and the fault damage zone. Fault damage zone discontinuities display a much higher peak static friction angle than the fault core shear zones, respectively of 34 and 22° that could be related to complex interactions between healing and sealing processes. Fault core leakage is much more dependent on strain than on effective stress variations. Discontinuous, pulse-like leakage, develops following complex failure processes that may simultaneously take place in the gouge zones and along the large pre-existing discontinuities. Such results may be of importance in evaluating fault seal integrity in oil and gas exploration, production or CO2 storage or underground excavations monitoring.

Jan 1, 2015

By M. Kumral, E. Dilhuydy, B. Ozdemir

"In-pit crushing and conveyor (IPCC) systems have become increasingly popular in the mining industry as an alternative to truck-and-shovel systems. Deciding whether to haul waste rock by truck or IPCC represents an important gap to be investigated in semi-mobile IPCC systems. A cost analysis is presented to evaluate the feasibility of crushing and conveying waste material in IPCC systems, along with sensitivity and risk assessments through Monte Carlo simulation. Although the capital expenditure is higher, results showed waste crushing will be feasible in deep pits and over long mine life and haul distances.RÉSUMÉ La popularité des systèmes de concassage et de transport dans la fosse minière (IPCC, de l’anglais In-pit crushing and conveyor) n’a cessé de croître dans l’industrie minière ; ils constituent en effet une option intéressante de remplacement des systèmes par camions et pelles mécaniques. Le choix entre le transport des stériles par camions ou par IPCC est encore difficile à faire et devra faire l’objet d’une étude approfondie au niveau des systèmes d’IPCC semi-mobiles. Une analyse des coûts est présentée pour évaluer la faisabilité du concassage et du transport des stériles par les systèmes d’IPCC, de même que des évaluations de la sensibilité et des risques par le biais de la simulation de Monte Carlo. Si les dépenses en immobilisations s’avèrent être plus élevées, les résultats ont cependant montré que le concassage des stériles sera envisageable dans des fosses profondes ainsi que sur une longue durée de vie et de longues distances de transport. INTRODUCTIONThe mining industry is currently facing many challenges such as low commodity prices, increasing environmental concerns and regulations, lower grades, deeper mines, and greater waste-rock quantities. As a result, the profitability of mining operations has decreased, with many mines stopping or suspending operations, and many new projects being postponed. Mining companies have therefore focused on improvements and innovations to increase the cost effectiveness of operations, for example, increasing production capacity to take advantage of the economies of scale (Crowson, 2003) and decreasing the unit operation cost. Changes in production capacity force mining companies to evaluate alternative material handling systems.During the past few decades and within material handling systems, significant improvements have been made to truck performance and capacity. Consequently, operating expenditures (OPEX) associated with fuel and maintenance have risen swiftly. In a mining operation, truck hauling systems now represent 40–50% of the capital cost and approximately 45% of the OPEX (Tutton & Streck, 2009). Additionally, material transportation costs are expected to increase due to longer haul distances arising from deeper and larger mines (Fleet et al., 2015). Finally, large fluctuations in fuel prices result in high risks associated with truck OPEX. According to the United States Energy Information Administration (2015), the cost of crude oil—the largest component of the retail price of diesel fuel—increased from US$24.31/barrel in 1986 to US$46.92/barrel in 2016, peaking at US$151.72/barrel in 2008 (Macrotrends, 2016)."

Jan 1, 2017

ABSTRACT The inevitable uncertainty in modelling spatial variables decreases as more data become available. This reduction depends on the properties of the variable being modelled. Spatially continuous variables show less uncertainty for a given spacing than erratic variables. A geostatistical simulation based approach is developed to quantify the relationship between uncertainty and data spacing. Reference realizations are sampled to condition additional realizations and quantify uncertainty. The procedure is automated, making it straightforward to consider sensitivity and different geological domains. A case study of the relationship between uncertainty and data spacing for net oil sands thickness data from northern Alberta is presented. _ KEYWORDS Simulation, Sampling,

Jan 1, 2013

By D. E. Parson, W. A. Morgan

This paper offers a brief review of current literature pertaining to vacuum degassing or vacuum casting of steel as practiced in the U.S.A., Germany and the U.S.S.R. The advantages of vacuum degassing of large forging ingots, heavy section casting, for the conversion of rimming bessemer steels to killed steel and for the production of transformer steels are discussed. Operating pressures, reduction in gas contents and improvements in hydrogen segregation, steel cleanliness and mechanical properties, obtained with the various techniques, are described. The paper includes a description of an experimental vacuum stream-droplet degassing unit and some preliminary results obtained at the Physical Metallurgy Division Research Laboratories Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Ottawa on laboratory steel melts. Experimental 500 lb direct arc, basic melts have been spray cast into either ingot moulds or dry sand moulds, held inside a vacuum tank. Also 500 lb melts have been

Jan 1, 1961

By B. Jago

From the perspective of metallurgical processing, gold ores can be classified into freemilling and refractory ores. Their extractive metallurgy is largely driven by mineralogical factors such as gold particle size, association with other minerals, coatings and rimmings, presence of cyanicides, oxygen consumers and preg-robbers, presence of refractory gold minerals, and invisible gold in sulphide and sulpharsenide minerals. Gold process mineralogy helps address issues and problems related to gold ore processing. It is widely used as a predictive and trouble-shooting tool in gold ore processing, and provides useful information on process selection, flowsheet development, recovery improvement, and reagent consumption optimization. By combining classic mineralogical techniques, modern instrumental analysis, and diagnostic metallurgy, the mineralogist is able to balance the various types of gold occurrence in an ore.

Jan 1, 2006

By Gerardo Vargas

Without an adequate data sample there can be no Reliability Analysis (RA). Without analysis there can be no systematic, verifiable improvement in reliability or in operational economy. A sample is a collection of life cycles. A beginning and ending event define a failure mode life cycle. Well known obstacles impede the reliability engineer in his role to analyze maintenance data. The main problem lies in the difficulty to obtain analyzable data samples. Although modern Computerized Maintenance Management Systems (CMMSs) should provide the needed information they rarely deliver samples of adequate quality. Cerrejon, an integrated mining operation in Colombia, South America solved the information management problem by applying a "Living Reliability Centered Maintenance (LRCM)" process to its fleets of Trucks, Graders, Dozers, Loaders, and Shovels. This paper describes a method wherein completed work orders capture reliability analysis enabling information. The 'right' maintenance observations reference significant failure modes. Work orders link to records in a continuously growing Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) structured knowledge base. Grouped and filtered knowledge-to-work order links, being instances of failure modes, provide the samples required by reliability analysis software tools and methods. LRCM software and related procedures facilitate the growth of knowledge, manage the work order-to-RCM relationship, and generate samples for subsequent reliability analysis.

May 1, 2011

By F. H. Edmunds

Introduction This paper, it is hoped, will serve as an introduction to further work upon the origin of the soils and to a more complete interpretation of the geology of Saskatchewan from a study of the soils of the Province. The great difficulty that is encountered in mapping the structure of the prairie regions of the west must be evident to all who have made the attempt. The rarity of good exposures, due to the extensive coverings of glacial drift, is the greatest obstacle, making it difficult to determine the exact stratigraphical position of such exposures as may be found. In many cases palæontological evidence is lacking, or, if available, our present knowledge of the stratigraphy is insufficient to justify division of the formations into horizons; and until many of these formations have been subjected to petrographic investigation, little can be done in using lithological differences as an aid to the correlation of the usually sparse outcrops met with in the Province. Topography may be of the utmost value as an indication of geological structure when considered in conjunction with other evidence. It does not necessarily follow that, because an area in Saskatchewan has resemblances in surface configuration to an area of oil-producing land in Texas, there is sufficient justification for sinking money in wells without further investigation. Such - investigation should include the study of available soil maps.

Jan 1, 1929

"The Detour Lake Mine is located in northeastern, Ontario, approximately 300 kilometres northest of Timmins and 185 kilometres by road northeast of Cochrane. The mill processes a free milling gold ore using both gravity circuit and leaching with a state-of-the-art carbon-in-pulp circuit. The grinding circuit is a conventional SABC circuit with a tonnage of 55,000 mtpd at 95 microns with the addition of pre-crushing upstream of the SAG mill.The present paper will describe the methodology used to successfully prove that gold of the Detour Lake Mine ore is mostly concentrated into the fine size fraction of the blasted rocks. It will describe the various options possible to create value from this ore property.IntroductionThe purpose of this test work was to determine the grade of the pebbles and consider if there was value into discarding the pebbles and replacing the material by fresh feed.1. Pebble samplingThe pebbles were sampled and assayed for grade every day for 3 months. After 3 months of sampling, the results showed that the pebbles only carried 28% of the fresh feed grade. This phenomenon can possibly be explained by the fact the gold is located into area of fracture in the rocks.January-March 2014 – Pebble assay average• Line #1 = 0.222 g. Au/t• Line#2 = 0.275 g. Au/t• Head grade = 0.88 g. Au/t2. Crushing and grinding circuit surveysWith the above information, a grinding circuit survey was planned. The purpose of the survey was to build a JKSIMMET model of the grinding circuit for mill optimization but also to understand the deportment of gold into various size fractions that may explain why there is so little gold in the pebbles. All streams and size fractions was analysed for particle size analysis and for gold.Since Detour has dual grinding lines, both circuits were sample at the end of May. Two supplemental survey of the secondary crushers were also done and a survey of the gyratory crusher."

Jan 1, 2016

By A J. Kyle

After a brief description of the shaft and surface facilities, this paper describes the planning for the mining operation, the selection of equipment the general method of mining and the sequence of operation. All of the major items of equipment are described, including the components of the power system. The detailed planning is reviewed -from the shaft sinking to the three-shift mining operation. Excavation and equipment changes, as well as long-range planning, are al o di cussed. Introduction THE successful completion of the Yarbo No. 1 shaft of International Minerals & Chemical Corporation (Canada) Limited in July, 1962, added a new type of mine to Canada&apos;s many producing operations. IMC Esterhazy is a unique mining operation in Canada; in fact, it is unique to potash mining in general. Not only is thi&apos;3 a trackless operation utilizing shuttle cars and belt conveyors in its material handling systems, but it excavates all of the ore with continuous boring machine<:;.

Jan 1, 1964

By Burns Sutherland

Although some mine hoisting systems incorporating steel wire ropes on drum hoists experience completely dependable performance on the hoist ropes for many years, other rope records illustrate an erratic behaviour pattern and, as such, become a source of concern to the operator. This paper describes the causes of the difficulties most commonly encountered and incorporates methods of providing preventative or corrective maintenance. When such a program is utilized wisely, within the allowable limits of shaft time available, it can be the means of avoiding many unforeseen circum-stances and of reducing operating costs, as well as rope costs, to a mini-mum.

Jan 1, 1970