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The third special war meeting of the New York Section was held on Thursday evening, Sept. 27, in joint session with the New York Section of the American Electrochemical Society, in conjunction with the Third National Exposition -of-Chemical Industries, at the Grand Central Palace. The topic for discussion was ferro-alloys, and the supply' of raw materials for their manufacture. After a few introductory remarks by President Philip N. Moore, of the Institute, and President Colin G. Fink of the American Electrochemical Society, Mr. C. S. Newcomb presented his paper on "Chrome Mining and Concentration."

Jan 11, 1917

AARONS, J. BOYD; Major. AGNEW, FRANK VANS. ALLEN, HERMAN H., Private, D Co., 8th Reserve Engineers. AMBLER, HARRY A., Second Training Camp,, Ft. Sheridan, Ill. BAINS, THOMAS M., JR., Major, Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps. BANKS, H. R., Lieutenant, Canadian Engineers, B. E. F. BARBOUR, PERCY E., Deputy' Supt. (Captain), New York State Troopers; Captain, 22d Regiment, N. Y. N. G. BARLING, H. B., 1st Lieutenant, Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps. BARRETT, LESLIE P., Lieutenant, A. E. F., France. (Unattached.) BENSEL, J. A., Major, Engineers' Reserve Corps. BIGELOW, BRAXTON, Royal Engineers, B. E. F. BLOOMFIELD, E. C., Lieutenant. BORROW, F. K. BOWLES, MARTIN F., 2d Lieutenant of Infantry, Camp Funston, Kans.

Jan 11, 1917

Dr. Robert Bell died on June 18, 1917, at Rathwell, Manitoba, in the seventy-seventh year of his age. He was born in Toronto on June 3, 1841, and was a son of the Reverend Andrew Bell of the Free Church of Scotland. He was educated at the Grammar School of the County of Prescott, Ontario, and subsequently at McGill University and the University of Edinburgh. While still a boy of 15 years of age, he joined the Geological Survey of Canada, under Sir William Logan, in the capacity of Junior Assistant, and was rapidly promoted in the service, where lie remained-with but one short interval-for over fifty years, retiring as Chief Geologist and Acting Director in the year 1908. He married Agnes, daughter of the late Alexander Smith, of Westbourne, Glasgow, and Auchentroig, Stirlingshire, and is survived by one son and three daughters. Practically nothing was known of the geology of Canada, and very little with reference to its geography, when Mr. William E. (afterward Sir William) Logan was called upon to undertake the organization of the Geological Survey of Canada, and as its first Director to carry out the mapping of this vast area and the examination of its mineral resources. Dr. Bell's work as a member of Sir William Logan's staff in these early years consisted, therefore, exclusively of geological reconnaisance and geographical exploration. Even in later years, and until his administrative work confined him to his office, Dr. Bell's work remained essentially of this character. The exploratory traverses and track surveys which lie carried out were, chiefly within the area of the great Laurentian protaxis or Canadian Shield, which forms such a striking feature and which has played and will continue to play so important a role in shaping Canadian history and in influencing the character of the Canadian people. Dr. Bell's lines of exploration crossed and re-crossed this area from the Atlantic Coast to the Great Lakes on its western border, and from Lake Huron and Lake Superior on the south to the Arctic Sea, following the water ways of this great land. He also worked along the coast line when acting as geologist and naturalist to the "Neptune" Expedition in 1884, and to the "Alert" Expedition in 1885, both of which carried out explorations in Hudson's Bay and Hudson's Straits; also on the "Diana" Expedition in 1897, when he surveyed the coast of Baffin Land, and was one of the first white men who penetrated to the great 'lakes in the interior of that immense

Jan 11, 1917

By L. P. Teas

As sphalerite is such a common constituent of many types of ore, the present investigation was undertaken to determine what its relations are to the other minerals in the deposits, and also whether these are of any genetic significance. The data presented herewith were obtained from a mineralographic study of about 200 ore specimens from some 43 different localities, represented by suites of specimens in the Cornell University collection. These, grouped according to their genesis, were as follows: I. Contact-Metamorphic Deposits.-Silver City, N. M.; Kelly, N. M.; Silver Bell, Ariz.; Bingham, Utah; Agaguca, Michoacan, Mex.; Matehuala, Mex.; Sombreretti mine, Mex. II. Deep-Vein Zone Deposits.-Mineral, Louisa Co., Va.; Edwards, N. Y.; Chestnut Yard, Va.; Allah Cooper mine, Louisa Co., Va.; Globe, Ariz.; Moyie, B. C.; Rossland, B. C.; Broken Hill, N.S.W.; Weedon, Que.1 III. Intermediate-Vein Zone.-Park City, Utah; Leadville, Colo.; Butte, Mont.; Santa Barbara, Mex.; Red Cliff, Colo.; Burro Mountains, N. M.; Idaho Springs, Colo.; Blue River, Ore.; Rye, Colo.;1 Slocan district, B. C.; Freiberg, Ger.; Clausthal, Ger: IV. Shallow-Vein Zone.-Ouray, Colo.; Goldfield, Nev., Zacatecas, Mex.; Field, B. C.; Kapnik, Austria; Frontenac mine, Kingston, Ont. V. Meteoric Water Deposits.-Joplin, Mo.; Southwest, Wis.; Austinville, Va.; Crittenden County, Ky.; Ridgeburg, Pa.; Moresnet, Belgium. It is not supposed that the investigation of such a limited number of occurrences may warrant conclusive and universal generalizations, but the conclusions reached are believed to be reliable in so far as the specimens, that were examined are concerned.

Jan 11, 1917

Mr. Address Member is hereby proposed by the undersigned, as a Associate Junior Member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers. Signatures of three Members or Associates. Place of birth Year of birth Education, when, where and how acquired, with degrees, if any. A technical education is not requisite for membership. Dates Please give record of experience on following page with dates; for example, in the form used by "Who's Who In America" and similar publications.

Jan 11, 1917

By James Howard

ON Aug. 25, 1911, a rail failed on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, causing a disastrous wreck. The surface of the fracture was in a plane at right angles to the length of the rail. There was a dark-colored, oval spot on this surface, located on the gage side of the head, representing the part of the rail which was the first to fracture. The nucleus of this spot showed that the fracture had an interior origin. Other fractures of this kind, the peripheries of which had not reached the surface of-the rail, presented surfaces having a silvery luster. The darkened surface of the present fracture was caused, doubtless, by the air having had access to it. This fracture was recognized as a fatigue fracture, of a modified type, its interior origin having been due to a component in the rail which is not usually present in cases of fatigue fractures. The metal next the running surface of the head of the rail was in a state of internal compression, this being the component not commonly met with in other cases, and which caused the fracture to have its interior origin. For the purpose of giving this modified type of fatigue fracture a specific name, for identification, the term "transverse fissure" was applied. No mystery was thought to attach to its formation, or to its development. The explanation of its occurrence was obvious in the light of common knowledge upon the behavior of steel under repeated alternate stresses. By reason of the state of internal compression at the running surface, the maximum tensile stresses in the head, under bending loads, were along an interior element. Here the tensile strains were higher than in the fibers more remote from .the neutral axis. Under such conditions the fracture of the rail would be expected to have an' interior origin. A discussion of the subject of transverse fissures essentially becomes a discussion of fatigue fractures, since they are identical. The descriptive term employed, merely for the identification of this type of fatigue fracture, had the appearance of creating alarm. Apprehensions arose that a new phenomenon in the physical properties of steel had presented itself, the explanation of which was sought in every

Jan 11, 1917

By Leland Wemple

PREVIOUS to 1915, zinc refining had not become a general practice among the zinc smelters in the United States. Such refining as had been carried on was confined chiefly to remelting very high-leaded zinc, such as third-draw metal from the retort furnaces, and slab dross, and hard spelter from galvanizing pots. In this remelting operation, the lead and iron were settled out and the refined spelter obtained graded fifth class, i.e., Prime Western. Owing to the presence of lead in most zinc ores, the bulk of the spelter produced by direct smelting is of this Prime Western grade. Careful selection of ores of low lead content gave purer grades of spelter, i.e., Brass Special and Intermediate; and smelters which could secure ores carrying practically no lead produced high-grade spelter. Thus, in general, the grade of spelter produced by any smelter was pre-determined by the purity of the ore it could obtain. The needs of the warring nations of Europe for enormous quantities of cartridge and other high-grade brass resulted in such a demand for the purer grades of spelter that the available supply of lead-free and low-lead ores could not produce the quantity required. Prime Western grades went begging, so to speak, while high grades sold at times from 5 to 15 c. per pound over the Prime Western market. The great demand, coupled with the wide market margin, which permitted the inherent costs and losses, resulted in the conversion of the lower grades into higher grades by processes of refining. These conditions also accentuated the development and size of the electrolytic plants, which were being worked out at the time this increased demand for pure grade of metal occurred. The electrolytic process, where available, produces a higher grade of spelter from impure ores than does the fire process; a large portion of those impurities in the ore, which by the distillation process would be carried into the spelter, are removed in the leaching of the ores and the purification of the solutions. The refining process, adopted at a number of smelters for the purpose of converting low-grade spelter into "grades suitable for brash was that of redistillation.

Jan 11, 1917

For the year ending February, 1918 PRESIDENT PHILIP N. MOORE, ST. Louis, Mo. PAST 'PRESIDENTS WILLIAM L. SAUNDERS NEW YORK,. N. Y. L. D. RICKETTS NEW YORK, N. Y. FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT SIDNEY J. JENNINGS NEW YORK, N. Y. TREASURER GEORGE C. STONE, NEW YORK, N. Y. SECRETARY EMERITUS ROSSITER W. RAYMOND, _ NEW YORK, N. Y. SECRETARY BRADLEY STOUGHTON NEW YORK, N. Y.

Jan 11, 1917

Fourteen members of the Board and officers nf6re present; and seven guests. Prof. E. K. Judd was appointed Managing Editor of the Institute's publications.

Jan 11, 1917

The following is a partial list of members and guests who called at Institute headquarters during the period Sept. 10, 1917, to Oct. 10,1917. Thomas J. Adams, Rahway, N. J. Leon Root Long, Tirapata, Peru, So. Am. L. W. Bahney, Waterbury, Conn. F. M. McClenahan, Ben Avon, Pa. D. W. Brunton, Denver, Colo. E. Francis McCrossin, Birmingham, Ala. J. R. Buchanan, Pasadena, Cal. P. S. Moses, Savannah, Ga. R. C. Canby, Wallingford, Conn. William A. Nelson, Cartersville, Ga. Paul R. Cook, Zaruma, Ecuador. Edmund Newton, Minneapolis, Minn. F. Crabtree, Pittsburgh, Pa. Askin M. Nicholas, Porrington, N. S. W., J. T. K. Crossfield, Chuquicamata Chile. Australia. Wayne Darlington, Georgetown, S. C. E. G. Norton, Chicago, Ill. R. W. Deacon, Elizabeth, N. J. M. L. O'Neale, Coal City, .Ala. Alexander Deussen, Houston, Tex. W. E. Pomeroy, El Paso, Tex. G. G. Dobbs, Bessemer, Ala. Joseph P. Ruth, Denver, Colo. E. B. Durham, Canonsburg, Pa. Gustavus Sessinghaus, Denver, Colo. L. H. Duschak, Berkeley, Cal. A. L. Sweetser, Boston, Mass. F. A. Fahrenwald, Cleveland O. G. M. Taylor, Colorado Springs, Colo. A. H. Fay, Washington, D. a. Allan G. Waite, Dragoon, Ariz. C. L. French, Brooklyn, N. Y. H. Vincent Wallace, Los Angeles, Cal. Carlos F. Galan, Riverside, Mex. H. A. Wentworth, Boston, Mass. Herman Garlichs, St. Louis, Mo. Alfred W. G. Wilson, Ottawa, Canada. Ernest Klepetko, Anaconda, Mont. Samuel S. Wyer, Columbus, O. D. A. Lyon, Washington, D. C. M. M. Albertson has accepted a position with the McIntyre-Porcupine Gold Mines, Ltd., Schumacher, Out., Canada. James A. Block is now employed by the Ray Consolidated Copper Co., of Hayden, Ariz.

Jan 11, 1917

By Sidney Powers

SINCE the opening of the Wheeler oil and gas field in Carter County and the discovery of oil near Lawton, Comanche County, Okla., in 1904, interest has been aroused regarding the origin of the oil in the Permian "Red Bed" region which lies between the Wichita and Arbuckle Mountains on the north and the Red River on. the south. . The later development of the Healdton, Loco, Duncan, Fox, and Graham fields south and west of the Arbuckle Mountains has brought the region into prominence. Recent discoveries of Ordovician and of Pennsylvanian fossils in wells in the Healdton field and of Pennsylvanian fossils in the Fox and Graham fields are of such importance from a scientific and a commercial standpoint that the occurrences and the problems arising therefrom are here briefly described. Producing oil and gas sands in the southern Oklahoma fields, with the exception -of those in the Cretaceous and underlying rocks in the vicinity of Madill, Marshall. County, are associated with the Permian "Red Beds" or with the underlying Paleozoic strata. I n the two fields farthest south of the Arbuckle Mountains, Healdton and Loco, production has been entirely confined to sands at depths of 700 to 1400 ft. (213 to 416 m.) and only recently has a producing sand as deep as 1860. ft. (567 m.) L been encountered. These sands are found near and below the base of the red rocks and were supposed by Wegemann and Heald 2 to belong in large part to the basal Permian,. Wichita formation, or to the immediately underlying formations. Fossils in the blue shales and in the limestones associated with the deeper sands' now prove them to be Pennsylvanian and all-the producing sands at Healdton are found to be of this age. In the fields nearest the Arbuckle Mountains, the Wheeler sands at a depth of about 700 ft. (213 m.) appear to be of Permian age,

Jan 11, 1917

By W. G. Scott

SINCE devising the incline top-slicing method in use It the Coronado mine,1 I have had numerous inquiries is to how the same system could be adapted to larger orebodies. Based upon our experience here, 1 have outlined below some suggestions for its, application to orebodies of larger size. Modifications and extensions, of course, would have to be made to take care of different dimensions and irregularities. In order that one may have a better understanding of the scheme, a brief description of the Coronado method will he given first.

Jan 11, 1917

By Frederic Dewey

BONE-ASH cupels have been used from time immemorial to absorb litharge, and accompanying oxides; in assaying. Doubtless, also, from the earliest days cupels have been most unjustly blamed for much poor assaying. It has long been known that the precious metals go with the litharge into the cupel. This occasions a loss of precious metals and reduces the results of the assay. There have been many investigations of cupels and the most diverse views have been expressed, the extremes being the statements of Lodge 1 that every cupel has some effect upon the loss in assaying telluride ores and of the Campredons2 that coarse and fine and hard and soft cupels all give the same loss of silver when cupelling the same weights. The truth lies between these statements and much nearer the latter. In a vast majority of cases the influence of the cupel is not dominant and is outweighed by other conditions, particularly the temperature of the cupelling bead. At the Spokane meeting of the Institute I presented a paper on the Assay and Valuation of Gold Bullion,3 which recorded the results of many hundreds of assays made in the Mint service under everyday commercial conditions, which of necessity differ from scientific conditions. In following this matter up, for the purpose of increasing the accuracy of our commercial methods of bullion assays, the question of the absorption of gold by the cupel was found to be a most important one and was taken up for investigation. In a lesser degree, the silver absorption is important and interesting, but at present it appears to be far more complicated and, while many figures showing silver absorption may be found through this paper, much further investigation is required to put the subject upon a satisfactory basis.

Jan 11, 1917

By Otto Wartenweiler

AFTER the phenomenal development of the new mine, the United Eastern Mining Co., with Mr. Frank A. Keith as President, decided to install a reduction plant. The character of the ore, closely resembling the product of other mines in the district, did not offer any particular metallurgical problems, since these neighboring mines had been operating milling plants very successfully for several years. Thus, with the general metallurgical treatment fairly well-defined, the matter of next importance was to design and construct a plant as economically as possible, that would give the best results obtainable. The ore consists of a mixture of calcite and quartz in about equal quantities with some decomposed andesite, while the average value of mill heads were calculated to be $20 plus in gold, no silver being present. The tonnage to be treated at ,the start was fixed at 200 tons, but, in view of the favorable condition of the mine, it was considered advisable to arrange facilities, for increasing the capacity to 400 tons. . While it is best in some cases to adopt a distinct independent unit system where future enlargement is contemplated, in this instance the plans worked out differently. Summarized, the treatment adopted consists of coarse crushing, coarse grinding, fine grinding and cyanidation. For coarse crushing the selection of the No. 6 size gyratory crusher was governed not so much by its capacity as by the size of the feed openings to properly receive the run-of-mine material, which was too coarse for a No. 5 crusher. To accomplish the coarse grinding to. best advantage, a careful comparison was made between the modern steel ball mill-the last word in crushing and grinding-and one of its older, and, at that time better-established, competitors, the rolls.' The following conclusion was reached: While it is possible that for the sized plant under consideration the cost of operating rolls might be a little cheaper, it is preferable to use ball mills because a simpler arrangement is possible, and1 because. the handling of, ball mills is preferred by the operator.

Jan 11, 1917

SECTION I Page Page New York Section War Meeting on Employment xxxii Sulphur and Pyrite v Local Section News xxxiv War Minerals Committee xviii Forthcoming Meetings xxxvi St. Louis Meeting xx Library xxxvii Minutes, of Meeting, Executive Membership xli Committee xxvi Institute Committees Iv Members in Military Service xxvi Officers and Directors lxii Personal xxx

Jan 10, 1917

By Clarence Wright

THE average lead and zinc content of the ores mined and milled in the Joplin district is low as compared with that of other lead and zinc deposits throughout the United States. Because of this fact and of the high grade of the concentrates, the ratio of concentration is unusually high. Most of the operating companies have aimed to produce as high a grade of concentrate as possible in order to obtain the highest price for their product. They have done this at the sacrifice of the percentage of zinc recovered. The average percentage of zinc recovery is from 60 to 70 per cent. For percentage of recoveries from actual mill tests, see tables. The concentration is commonly effected by crushing the ore to h-in. (12.7 mm.) size and subjecting it to a roughing and cleaning over two or more large Cooley jigs, of the Harz type, the finer sands being treated on the usual types of sand and slime tables. The treatment of slimes by flotation is being tested at several of the larger mills. COARSE CONCENTRATION When the ore. has been hoisted from the mine it is dumped onto a chute leading to a grizzly made of iron bars, usually heavy rails, spaced 4 to -5 in. (101 to 127 mm.) apart. The oversize is caught on the grizzly, the mineralized pieces are broken with sledge hammers so as to pass through, and the boulders that are practically barren are sorted out by hand and trammed to the waste-rock pile. The proportion of waste rock thus sorted out varies from a fraction of 1 per cent to 15 per cent., depending on the nature of the rock.

Jan 10, 1917

NEW MEMBERS The following list comprises the names of those persons who became members during the period of Aug. 10, 1917, to Sept. 10, 1917. ADKERSON, J. CARSON, Mgr., Stockwood Realty Corporation, Inc. Woodstock, Va. ARAKAWA, EIJI, Min. & Met. Engr., Min & Met. Dept., Imperial Univ., Kyoto, Japan. BAINS, THOMAS MELLOR, JR Major, Officers' Reserve Corps, Presidio, Cal. BARTON, Louis ARTHUR.. , . Vice-Pres., Adbar Development Co., Dewed, Minn. BLACKSTONE, ALEXANDER J....Asst. Engr., Honiestake Min. Co., Lead, SO: Dak. BOGARDUS, CHARLES EUGENE, Assayer & Chem., Bogardus Testing Laboratories 90 Columbia St., Seattle; Wash. BOISE, DAVID WELLS Chief Clerk, Chino Copper CO., Burley, New Mex. BREEDING, FRANK OWEN Assayer, Eden Min. CO., Bluefields, Nicaragua. BRUYERE, ALAN, Petroleum Geol., Producers' Oil CO., Box 96, Shreveport, La. BUTTS, ALLISON, Asst. Editor, The Mineral Industry, Lehigh Univ., So. Bethlehem, Pa. CALVERT, CLARENCE E Safety Engr., Anaconda Copper Min. CO., Butte, Mont. CHARLTON, HARRY.... Min. Engr, Commonwealth Edison CO., Taylorville, 111. CLAGUE, HERBERT NADEN, Surveyor.. Duncan, V. l., British Columbia, Canada. CLOSE, FREDERIC BAGLEY The Rampart, Los Angeles, Cal. COLLIER, DAVID HENDERSON, Mine Supt., Thumb, Butte Mines Co., Kingman, Ariz.

Jan 10, 1917

JOSEPH DANIELS, Seattle; Wash. (communication to the Secretary*). Mine models are of great value to the student and to the layman in visualizing underground conditions, and, in a measure, should be just as much a part of the equipment of a mining school as sets of ore specimens, catalogs, or drawings. The chief drawback, as Professor Stock has indicated, is the time and cost of making them. The greatest good in the development of the model comes to the person who makes it, and I have often wondered whether it might not be possible to have each student make one model during his undergraduate career. At the University of Washington we have been collecting sets of mine timbers, made of 6 by 6-in. lumber, illustrating shaft, level, and stope timbering. This work has been done by freshmen. Perhaps each educational institution could specialize in the creation of a certain type of model and exchange its product for that of another school, just as we now do with ore collections. In this way we could build up good museums at a relatively low cost. JOHN R. CHAMBERLIN, New York, N. Y. (communication to the Secretary?).-The type of model described by Professor Stoek is admirably suited to exhibits of coal mining in horizontal veins, and fulfills perfectly the three purposes mentioned. As an educational illustration in colleges, especially when the students themselves build the model under the direction of their instructors, it is of the highest value; and as each condition in mining requires special methods to depict properly in a model, the student is compelled to exercise considerable inventive resource to construct a true representation, stimulating the imagination and interest in his subject. Models built for exhibits in lawsuits are usually constructed to show prominently some particular feature of vein formation or geology, or the relation of underground workings to surface property lines, and as such their use is invaluable to the successful litigant. When the litigation is ended, it is natural that the model should be relegated to the basement and frequently destroyed, as data on underground workings are often considered of a private character by the operators; and it is

Jan 10, 1917

C. W. WASHBURNE; New York; N. Y. (communication to the Secretary *).-It has long been known that sulphur and oxygen react upon crude oils, removing hydrogen and thereby creating unsaturated hydrocarbons which unite with each other, producing heavier forms. Dr. Rogers now finds that the percentage of sulphur in the oils of several fields in California is roughly proportional to the specific gravity of the oil. This additional proof is most welcome. It is rather surprising, , in that the impression had prevailed that practically all the reacting sulphur escaped from the oil as hydrogen sulphide, and did not remain in combination with the oil. It would be interesting to know what part of the sulphur-plotted by Dr. Rogers is in solution as free sulphur and hydrogen sulphide, and what part is, in more complex compounds, such as thiophanes, etc.

Jan 10, 1917

E. G. WOODRUFF, Houston, Tex. (communication to the Secretary*). -Mr. Matteson has presented to us an idea worthy of our careful consideration. We have real troubles in the petroleum industry and as the supply of crude is exhausted our problems become more complicated and more numerous. Therefore, we who are engaged in field work are forced to consider all possible means which promise assistance in the location of prospective pools and the economic development of pools already located. In our country we are accustomed to turn to the. Government for relief in all our troubles. Do we want an Oil and Gas Bureau doctoring us? Will such a bureau do us practical good? The principal point Mr. Matteson suggests is that such a bureau should he authorized to receive and file all well logs. In analyzing such function, I am led to the following conclusions: If well logs are simply to be filed they would be useless. If they are to be filed and the files opened to the public, what benefit will be derived and can such action be taken justly? There is no doubt that if the record of all wells drilled in the United States were available the petroleum industry would be saved an immense amount of needless expense. Accumulating conditions would be better understood and prospecting more intelligently directed. Our other consideration is: can the oil companies be required to open well records to the public justly? I think all will agree that if any one should have the advantage of a well record it should be the company that drilled the well. If the oil companies are forced to file such record and open the files to the public, the company drilling the well cannot derive the exclusive benefit from the money expended. Would it be just for a small company to be compelled to reveal its records of a well it had recently completed, to its strong competitor who holds near or even adjacent leases? Would it have been just to the successful companies, in the Gulf Coast country to have been forced to display their hard-earned knowledge of 15 years to the host of younger competitors who have recently flocked to the Gulf Coast attracted by the success of those who have labored so long and learned of the conditions controlling the fields through the hazards of the industry.

Jan 10, 1917