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By James P. Munroe

Appalling as has been the loss of life in the last 51 months, there is one slight compensation: no longer will there be in the world a cripple, in the old meaning of the term. Men handicapped by wounds or disease, there will be, unfortunately, and in numbers beyond what the world has known since the wars of Napoleon; but neither they nor the industries from which they were called off to war will be "crippled" in the sense in which both would have been had mankind not learned the lesson of conservation and come to understand that the most important field for such conservation is not in the forests and the mines but among men and women. From the beginning of the Great War, France, Great Britain, Belgium and most of the other Allies have studied the problem of restoring the soldiers and sailors injured through war to physical and economic efficiency; and from their experiences, especially from that of Canada, the United States has learned much. Consequently, our task of preparing for the return of our disabled men has been easier and, in some ways, more comprehensive than theirs. Complex as are the details of the machinery which the United States has set in motion to take care of the men injured by wounds or disease, the plan itself is simple. Taught by European experience, the Surgeon-General of the Army and the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery of the Navy have provided, on both sides of the Atlantic, every known surgical and medical facility for restoring the injured or diseased man to a physical condition as nearly normal as possible. While in the hospital in Prance or England, on the transport coming to America, and in the hospital here, the disabled man is incited in every way to believe in his future efficieney, to want to be a normal worker, to desire to retake his place in that society of workers from which he went, temporarily, to do the greater work of preserving civilization. Furthermore, since purposeful occupation is now regarded as an essential form of treatment with most men in the hospital, especially in the convalescing stage, many of these men will have been actually started on the road to earning before they are discharged from the army surgeon's care.

Jan 1, 1919

By George Comstock

THESE notes should be considered as a further discussion of Mr. S. W. Miller's paper on "Some Structures in Steel Fusion Welds."1 In that paper and the resulting discussion; several conflicting opinions were expressed as to the identity of the needles or small crystals present in oxyacetylene and electric welds. An interesting specimen of an electric weld examined by the writer seems to afford new evidence regarding the needles, that may be worth presenting at this time. The specimen consisted of a piece of 3/8 -in. (9.5-mm.) steel plate, about 2 ¼ by 1 ¾ in. (5.7 by 4.5 cm.) in size, on which some iron had been deposited by arc-welding to a depth of about 3/16 in. (4.7 mm.). The weld appeared to be a very good one, with no noticeable break or boundary between the plate and the deposited iron. Sections for microscopic examination were cut in three planes at right angles to each other through the deposited metal, two of these sections also extending through the steel base. After polishing in the usual way, the microscope showed that the deposited metal was full of very small, round, gray, oxide spots, while the steel plate contained quite a number of alumina inclusions and a little slag. The sections were etched with nitric acid in ordinary alcohol, and structures similar to those described by Mr. Miller were then displayed. Fig. 1 shows the typical appearance of the deposited metal, which was quite uniform in all three of the planes examined. The round dark-gray spots are oxides, and the pale angular crystals are evidently what, Mr. Miller called cementite and Mr. Jeffries martensite, while Dr. Ruder and Prof. Boylston suggested that they might be nitride. The boundary between this structure and the steel base was sharply defined under the microscope. Fig. 2 shows the structure of the plate just under the weld; this is almost martensitic and resembles a coarse-grained casting. This coarse cast structure soon became finer as the distance from the weld increased, finally, becoming very fine, with numerous small particles of sorbite. This very fine structure, shown in Fig. 3, became coarser in turn and finally merged into the original normal structure of the steel plate, shown

Jan 1, 1919

EUGENE WESLEY SHAW, ? Washington, D. C.- (Written discussion?).-Paraffin earth is of especial interest because of the apparent difficulty of determining its chemical nature. I have submitted specimens to three chemists at different times with suggestions as to special tests that might he made. The results are indicated in the following reports:

Jan 1, 1919

By A. W. Gray

Page CRUSHING STRENGTH...................... 659 The Black Dynamometer....................659 A Standardized Procedure for Crushing Strength Tests...... 660 Influence of Height of Test-piece upon Apparent Strength ..... 662 Influence of Packing Pressure and of Packing Time........ 662 Application of the Logarithmic Law...............665 Influence of Amalgamation Variables.............. 665 Influence of Temperature................... 669 The Transition Region Near 70" C............... 671 Influence of Packing Pressure at Various Temperatures ...... 673 Influence of Age upon Alloy and Amalgam........... 676 DIMENSIONAL CHANGES DURING THE HARDENING OF AN AMALGAM .......................... 678 The Black Amalgam Micrometer............... 678 Thermostated Dilatometer Designed by the Author........ 681 Graphical Representation of Reaction Expansions......... 683 The Typical Reaction Expansion Curve ............. 684 Influence of Packing Pressure................. 686 Influence of Trituration Time................. 687 Influence of Temperature................... 688 Influence of Mercury-alloy Ratio................ 689 Influence of Packing Time................... 689 Influence of Annealing the Alloy................ 691 Influence of Size of Alloy Particles...............691 Extension of the Typical Expansion Curve........... 693 Influence of Thermal Softening and of Reamalgamating a Hardened Amalgam.......................... 634 Curves Obtained with a Variety of Dental Alloys ........ 694 Copper Amalgam ...................... 694 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE RESULTS.......... 695 Phenomena which reveal chemical and physical processes that probably go on in many alloys at temperatures not far removed from their melting ranges are observable in dental amalgams. These amalgams should. therefore. be of even more interest to the metallographer, the metallurgistl the chemist. and the physicist than to the dentist who uses them for saving decaying teeth. For this reason I am here de-

Jan 1, 1919

C. H. BIERBAUM,* Buffalo, N. Y.--I agree with Dr. Merica that the eutectoid has a distinct effect upon the alloy and also that, as yet, it is difficult to say at just what point this eutectoid occurs or the conditions under which it appears; that is, the percentages of copper, tin, zinc, lead, and the other elements together with the temperature of pouring and the rate of cooling that is necessary; all seem to have a contributing effect. Some authorities, Law for instance, gives it as 9 per cent. of tin, yet under certain conditions I have found it with a lower percentage of tin to copper contents than that. The hard delta and the soft alpha crystals are both necessary for a bearing alloy; the one supplements the other. I am not inclined to think that phosphorus has any effect upon the eutectoid forming. The phosphide, PCu3, forms in and around the delta but is and remains distinct and separated from it. Etching with ferric chloride and then with nitric acid shows this very distinctly; it darkens the eutectoid and the other parts and leaves the phosphide bright. The rate of cooling determines the size of the crystals and the eutectoid together with their distribution and orientation. It is possible to chill the alloy to such an extent Where no eutectoid appears. I think it has been positively demonstrated that only an alpha and a beta appear. when this copper-tin alloy has been poured between two polished ingots

Jan 1, 1919

By S. L. Hoyt

The writer has long been interested in seeking an explanation of the upper heat effect in the copper-tin alloys over the a + b range, first described in 1913. These notes are offered, not at all as the final explanation 'of this heat effect, but rather to indicate certain progress which has been made toward establishing what happens over this temperature interval. While working on the thermal analysis of the copper-rich kalchoids (copper-tin-zinc alloys), it was noted that those alloys containing major portions of tin and minor portions of zinc exhibited two marked heat effects, one at about 520' C. and the other at about 600" C., instead of the single effect which is generally observed in either of the two binary series. This matter was discussed with Dr. Guertler, who suggested that a heat effect at about 600" C. in the pure copper-tin alloys might be expected. This led to a more searching examination of the thermal critical points in the pure copper-tin alloys, with the result that a marked, although somewhat weak, heat effect was located at about 600. Somewhat later, this upper heat effect was discussed with Dr. Burgess, and it was requested that the Bureau of Standards make heating and cooling curves of one of these alloys for the purpose of removing any possible doubt as to the actual presence of the heat effect. Results obtained by the Bureau are given in Plate I. In an earlier paper1 differential curves were published showing that the heat effect occurred at constant temperature over the a + B range and increased in magnitude with the amount of B up to a point somewhat above 20 per cent. tin. No heat effect was noticed at this temperature in the eutectoid alloy. The existence of this heat effect seems to require a modification of the present copper-tin diagram in the a + B field, and it has been the object of the work here presented to secure the evidence upon which such a change should be based.

Jan 1, 1919

Major William R. Grunow, in a brief account off his military services, says: "I take pleasure in informing you that since my return from France I have been stationed at Camp A. A. Humphreys, Va., and am now on duty as a Senior Instructor at the Engineer Officers' Training School. While in France, I served as a company commander in the 305th Engineers and was later ordered to return to the United States for assignment to new troops. Upon arrival in the United States, I received my majority." P. F. Rodegerdts gives us the following account of his military service: "I enlisted in the Naval Reserve Flying Corps in San Francisco on Feb. 12, 1918. On February 10, I was ordered to Cambridge, Mass., where I was enrolled for the course in technical aircraft construction given at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After successfully completing the course of instruction, I spent six weeks in practical construction of seaplanes at the Curtiss aeroplane factory in Buffalo. Following this, I was assigned to active service at Akron, Ohio, on June 22, 1918. At the same time I received my commission of ensign U.S.N. R.F. Unfortunately, I have been kept at Akron and although I have made

Jan 1, 1919

By Robert M. Yerkes

The following is a brief account of the methods of measuring intelligence especially prepared for use in the U. S. Army, of typical results, and of some of their immediately practical applications. It has been prepared for the assistance of army examiners and for the information of all who are interested in the relations of scientific placement to military efficiency. Purpose of the Intelligence Tests Under the direction of the Division of Psychology, Medical Department, and in accordance with provisions of War Department General Order No. 74, mental tests are given recruits during the 2-wk. detention period. These tests provide an immediate and reasonably dependable classification of the men according to general intelligence. Their specific purposes are to aid: 1. In the discovery of men whose superior intelligence suggests their consideration for advancement; 2. In the prompt selection and assignment to development battalions of men who are so inferior mentally that they are suited only for selected assignments; 3. In forming organizations of uniform mental strength where such uniformity is desired; 4. In forming organizations of superior mental strength where such superiority is demanded by the nature of the work to be performed; 5. In selecting suitable men for various army duties or for special training in colleges or technical schools; 6. In the early formation of training groups within regiment' or battery in order that each man may receive instruction and drill according to his ability to profit thereby; 7. In the early recognition of the mentally slow as contrasted with the stubborn or disobedient; 8. In the discovery of men whose low-grade intelligence renders them either a burden or a menace to the service.

Jan 1, 1919

NATURE OF ORETHE Edna May ore consists mainly of clean quartz of a moderately hard and tough nature. The gold content is "free" and fairly coarse, so that a large percentage is recovered by amalgamation. The ore is practically free from metallic minerals.GENERAL OUTLINE OF PLANT AND TREATMENTThe ore, received from underground in trucks, is broken by a jaw breaker, then stamp-milled, follow~d by partial filie-grinding in pans. Mercury is used both in the mill boxes and pans. The pulp, on leaving the pans, passes over amalgamating tables and is then elevated by tailings pulp to cone classifiers and separated into a sand and slime product, each product receiving a separate cyanide treatment-sand by leaching in vats and slime by agitation and decantation in a "Trent" plant. Gold solutions from both sand and slime are precipitated together by zinc shavings in the usual type of precipitation boxes. Accumulated slime is trucked from the dam to a vortex mixer and from this point receives with the cement slime the same treatment.ORE BREAKING AND TRANSPORTThe ore is trucked from the brace of the shaft along an overhead line to the breaker station. Hence it is, by means of a "kick-up" dumped upon a grizzly, set with 2-in. spaces, the oversize being broken by a 15 x '9 Fraser and Chalmer jaw...

Jan 1, 1919

By H. A. Tobelmann

age Introduction ............................. 22 Crushing............................... 25 Leaching............................... 28 .Reduction.............................. 47 Electrolytic Deposition..............a.......... 51 Discard for Purification of Electrolyte.................. 60 Recovery of Copper from Discard Solution .............. 62 Resolution of Cement Copper...................... 64 Summary............................... 64 Appendix............................... 66 Discussion............................... 69 Introduction The location, mode of occurrence of ore, and preliminary tests leading to the development of the present leaching process and the building of the present plant on the property of the New Cornelia Copper Co. at Ajo, have been described in previous papers presented to the Institute and in the discussions thereof.l It is sufficient to say that these tests began early in July, 1912, and were continued to the close of January, 1916; that small tests at Douglas were followed by the construction of a 1-ton plant at the mine; and this was followed by the operation of a 40-ton plant for 11 mo. In all about 15,000 T. of ore were treated experiment-

Jan 1, 1919

Percolation infers the passage of a liquid through, the interstices of any material or materials permitting it. Leaching is the process of extracting soluble matter by percolation. Lixiviation is analogous to leaching. Percolation and leaching may occur simultaneously. A filter may be used either to strain suspended or finely divided matter from a liquid, when it is known as a clarifier, or to separate a liquid from a solid. Clarification usually infers the addition d: some settling or flocculating agent which permits the decantation of the clear supernatant liquor. The simple separation of solid from liquid, such as occurs when a thickened flotation concentrate is filtered, is usually termed dewatering. The word filtration is used more to cover the complex process of separating, as far as possible, solid from liquid by vacuum or pressure, removing the residual solution by wash, and at the same time leaching any recrystallized, absorbed, or undissolved matter, by percolation with the solvent. The final product of metallurgical treatment should be reported as a recovery when the yield is refined metal. When the metallurgical operations are incomplete and a concentrated but not refined-product is obtained, the metal content should be reported as an extraction.

Jan 1, 1919

By W. C. Wright

A PRACTICAL program of education for workers of the mining industries is being formulated by the Federal Board for Vocational. Education in cooperation with the States in which this industry is a dominant one. The Federal Government last year passed a law, known as the Federal Vocational Education Act, that provides for the promotion of vocational' education and for cooperation with the States in the promotion of such education in agriculture and trades and industries and in the preparation of teachers of vocational subjects. More than 1,000,000 men in the continental United States are employed in mines and quarries. The following table, from the-1910 Census Report, shows the relative importance of mining and manufacturing pursuits: Manufactures Mines and Quarries Employees 7,405,313 1,109,410. Capital $18,428,269,706 $3,380,525,841 Value of product $20,672,051,870 $1,238,410,322 Of the more than 1,000,000 men employed in mining, almost three-fourths are engaged in the, production of bituminous and anthracite coal; one-fifth, in the production of copper, iron, lead, zinc, and other metals; and the remainder in getting out structural and miscellaneous materials from quarries. The meeting of the needs of the coal-mining industry, therefore, is the problem of greatest importance in the point of numbers to be served. Moreover, the dangers in coal mining are greater than in metal mining. Practically all States have set up educational and technical standards , for the position of foreman, boss, superintendent, etc., and every applicant for these positions must have a certificate of competency. The qualifications, too, are becoming increasingly difficult in the field of technical information. In some States, every miner must have a certificate, which is issued by the mine examining board. only after an oral examination.

Jan 1, 1919

By A. L. Blomfield, M. J. Trott

ThE Golden Cycle Mining and Reduction Co. operates its custom mill at Colorado Springs on Cripple Creek ores exclusively. These ores are straight sulfo-tellurides, with practically no base metals such as Pb, CU, Zn, As, or Sb. Upon entering the mill, the ore all passes through the sampler to storage bins, where beds of 5000 tons each are made to insure uniformity in roasting. Classification of ORes For efficiency, it has been found advisable to separate the ores into two classes according to their lime content. Other constituents have their effect, such as alumina and magnesia, but, speaking generally, these are roughly proportional to the lime, which, as CaO, is used as the indicator. Class A contains not more than 2 per cent. CaO and comprises about 66 per cent. of the ore treated. Class B contains over 2 per cent. CaO, and comprises 34 per cent. of the ore treated. Typical analyses of both classes are as follows: Class A a B Insol.......................... 86.70 75.90 Al2O3........................:.. 2.30 3.40 Fe.............................. 3.26 3.48 CaO............................. 1.57 5.12 S............................... 1.79 1.80 MgO........................... 0.21 1.08 Ignition loss..................... 3.20 6.50 99.03 97.28 The beds of each class of ore are made as large as possible with the available ore as it comes in, to avoid changing from one bed to the other any oftener than necessary. Each roaster will handle 50 per cent. more of class A ore than of class B, with practically the same results. This necessitates changing the rate of feed for each new bed and tends toward a poor roast and loss of tonnage at each change.

Jan 1, 1919

WASHINGTON, D. C. HERBERT C. HOOVER, Chairman H: FOSTER BAIN, Vice-chairman DAVID WHITE, Vice-chairman HARVEY S. MUDD, Secretary-Treasurer, Room 2114, Dept. of Interior Bldg. J. F. CALLBREATH HENNEN JENNINGS E. W. PARKER T. T. READ An inspiring meeting of the Washington, D. C., Section was held at the Cafeteria of the Interior Building on Friday evening, Dec. 6, 1918. One-hundred and thirty-five members and guests attended, and Vice-chairman H. Foster Bain presided. The Committee on Nominations reported: for Chairman, Herbert Hoover; for Vice-chairmen, Frederick G. Cottrell, and F. L. Ransome;

Jan 1, 1919

By S. Skowronski

The melting of cathode copper, ususally containing 95.98+ per cent. • Cu, would appear to be a simple matter. Owing to the well known affinity of copper for sulfur, however, so much sulfur is absorbed by the copper during the operation that a long and expensive refining process is required to remove it, and the final product is inferior in purity and lower in electrical conductivity than the original cathode copper. The furnace operation, as now conducted, includes the following stages: 1. Charging the cathodes into the furnace. 2. Melting the cathodes. 3. Oxidizing period—saturating the copper with cuprous sub-oxide and bringing the metal to the condition known as "set copper;'' this is now done by blowing air into the molten bath of metal. 4. Reduction period, otherwise known as "poling," whereby the oxygen previously added is removed by covering the molten bath completely with coke or charcoal and introducing large poles of green wood; this reduces the cuprous sub-oxide, bringing the copper to the "tough pitch" stage ready for casting. 5. Casting Period. Many experiments have been made to obviate the long periods of oxidation and subsequent reduction, with no success. While the copper first cast will be good, as indicated by the set surface of the bars, it is impossible to hold it to the "tough pitch" condition, and long before the whole charge has been poured the copper will become "overpoled," entailing numerous difficulties. Sulfur has always been blamed by the furnace men as the reason why this refining process is necessary, yet the literature on the subject does not sufficiently emphasize how small a proportion of sulfur will ruin copper for practical purposes. The sulfur absorbed by copper during the melting period comes from two sources: (1) the sulfate left on the cathode sheets in the tank houses; (2) the fuel. The percentage of sulfates on the cathodes is variable, and depends on the care taken in washing the cathodes after removing

Jan 1, 1919

By R. W. Woodward, G. K. Burgess

minum bronze. Nearly all copper-base alloys are improved by rolling processes, but the copper-aluminum alloys seem to possess equally good properties when cast or rolled; this is a remarkable metallurgical fact. Another important property of these copper-aluminum alloys is their resistance to alternating stress. Many tests indicate that their resistance is greater in this respect than that of some steels, and I have seen instances when cast aluminum-bronze bolts have outlived five steel bolts in foundation work subject to severe shocks. I mention these various instances to indicate that work originally started as research for substitution of one material for another frequently develops 212 article which has properties not possessed by the original metal or alloy. I have dwelt particularly on the aluminum bronzes because recently I have done more special work on them than on other alloys, but I believe that the use of aluminum itself, in many combinations of metals, is a very important subject for investigation. Undoubtedly, after the war, the cost of aluminum will be reduced from its present price, and considering its low specific gravity it offers a very interesting and important field for research in the non-ferrous business. Naturally, if combinations containing aluminum can be developed in view of a probably increasing supply of metal, the cost will be reduced. This will benefit the industry generally and will immediately conserve tin. Bronzes, Bearing Metals, and Solders G. K. Burgess* and R. W. Woodward,† Washington, D. C.— From a metallurgical standpoint, there are several ways in which a reduction of the tin consumed in commercial non-ferrous and white-metal alloys can be effected. First, a reduction of the tin content of the alloy; second, substitution of part or all of the tin content by some other metal; third, a substitution of a different type of alloy, which in some cases also involves a change in mechanical design. The Bureau of Standards has been studying these methods of conservation for tin alloys, particularly in regard to babbitts and bearing metals, bronzes, and solders. Much of the information sewed by the Bureau was obtained from answers to questionnaires sent to manufacturers and users of these materials, so that, in general, any of the following suggestions or recommendations can be considered as being practical and as having already been thoroughly tried. Bearing Metals There is no question that the tin content of nearly all bearing metals can be reduced to some extent, and in some cases actually eliminated

Jan 1, 1919

By A. J. Lanza

The prevention of illness among the employees of the mining industry is especially important in view of the importance of the industry, the unsettled conditions of labor, which emphasize the economic necessity for conservation of labor, and for humanitarian reasons. The burden of chronic illness is altogether unwarranted and unnecessary. If the industry is to maintain its labor supply in an efficient manner and keep the standard high, it is essential that it make every effort to keep its labor in good physical condition. The basic principles underlying health conservation are the same for any industry, but they are here applied especially to the mining industry, and more particularly, perhaps, to metal mining, as it is with this phase of the industry that the writer is most familiar, and as it is conceded that metal mining presents more health hazards than coal mining. The first step in the prevention of illness lies in securing employees who are in sound health and free from organic disease. I do not mean that all men who go underground should be physically perfect, but they should be free from organic defects of the heart, lungs, and other organs, or from anatomical defects that would markedly increase their liability to accident. The number of men working underground in mines in this country whose physical condition totally unfits them for such work presents a situation that should not be allowed to continue, and which I believe is not equalled in any other industry in the country. There is but one way to secure men who come up to the required standard, and that is by a thorough physical examination before employment. I am fully aware of the objections felt toward such a procedure by many employers and employees. There is much to be said on both sides, but to any one who is at all familiar with the mining industry as it is today in this country, and who approaches the matter with an unbiased mind, there can be absolutely no doubt as to the necessity for physical examination. As a purely logical proposition this is self-evident, but there remains the further necessity of placing physical examinations on such a basis that they can be administered in a just and equitable manner free from the abuses and suspicions to which they have been subject in the past.

Jan 1, 1919

By N. B. Pilling

The deleterious effect on the mechanical properties of copper, re-sulting from heating in contact with reducing gases, is well known, but the mechanism of the action does not appear to have been definitely established. The purpose of the present investigation was not to determine the exact variations in physical quality of commercial copper, with its various impurities, as dependent upon the composition of the gas, temperature of exposure, etc., but rather to study the nature of the action and the conditions under which it occurs. The physical result of the so-called "gassing" of copper has been generally described as the development of "brittleness." There appears to be a striking decrease in tensile strength, associated with a considerable loss of ductility, and a small copper strip or wire affected in this way can be snapped in two when bent. Larger articles may have an outer layer alone affected, which can be detached from the core by hammering or bending. Perhaps the earliest reference to this subject is that of Heynl in 1900, and among the later observers may be mentioned Archbutt,2 Bengough and Hill,3 Johnson,4 Mathewson and Thalheimer,5 and Ruder.6 Bengough and Hill, while working with arsenical copper, were the first to suggest the possibility of the formation of gases within the copper itself, while Ruder endeavored to explain the action by the reduction of the

Jan 1, 1919

Jan 1, 1919

By L. D. Dougan, J. V. N. Dorr

PaGE Geological Conditions......................... 78 Development of Elko Prince Property.................. 78 Prince Vein.............................. 79 Mining Practice.............*.'.......:...... SO Milling Practice............................ 84 Power Plant............................... 96 Construction Costs.......................... 97 Geological Conditions The Elko Prince mine is in the Gold Circle district, Nevada, about 155 miles (2. 4 km.) from the town of Midas, 55 miles (88.5 km.) west of Battle Mountain and 50 miles (8.5 km.) northeast of Golconda. The district is described by Emmons in U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 408, 1910. Little was said of the Elko Prince, however, as only a small amount of work had then been completed. The geological structure of the region is simple. The oldest exposed formation, covering most of the area, is rhyolite, which has a light-colored devitrified groundmass enclosing phenocrysts of feldspar, quartz, and magnetite. It has been somewhat weathered and partially stained with oxide of iron. There are several outcrops of andesite which cut the rhyolite. The ore deposits occur as fissure veins, replacement veins, and sheeted zones. The Elko Prince vein is of the first type. The rhyolite near the veins is silicified, stained with oxide of iron, and, at some localities, replaced by ore, or is so permeated by metals as to be classed as ore. The vein filling consists chiefly of quartz, and the values consist entirely of gold and silver. Part of the gold exists as the native metal and part is associated with pyrite. Silver occurs free and as argentite in banded streaks through the vein. These veins trend in a northwesterly direction, with dips varying from 65' to vertical. Development of Elko Prince Property Gold was discovered in the district in the Fall of 1907, and a charac-stic rush followed The town of Midas was laid out and shortly had

Jan 1, 1919