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By A. Blake Caldwell

Tyrone-a complete mining and concentrating facility built by Phelps Dodge Corp.-straddles the Continental Divide where surface water on either side flows in opposite directions although all water is taken from and returned on the northwest side of the Divide. At the outset, Tyrone was saddled with a problem of an adequate water supply, and the Gila River some 23 miles distant appeared to be the logical source. This in itself presented a major obstacle to Phelps Dodge because of the distance water had to be pumped and because of an adverse head which had to be overcome between the Gila River and the two 4-million-gal-capacity terminal water supply tanks at the mill. Having acquired water rights on the Gila River and in order to control the seasonal fluctuations in water volume, the company built the Bill Evans, off stream, earth-filled dam. This reservoir will contain 2100 acre-ft of water when full and it was constructed by the Hamilton Construction Co. for Phelps Dodge. The dam impounds fresh water for the Tyrone plant's use and four vertical turbine pumps (4500 gpm each) lift the water 275 ft from the Gila River into the reservoir. Since construction, Phelps Dodge has optioned the lake to the New Mexico State Game Commission for recreational purposes. In addition to the lake, land around the reservoir has been optioned to the State Game Commission for public use. The lake has already been stocked with trout and by next summer some keepers should be available for the taking.

Jan 12, 1969

By John Freer

As an innovation on the annual programme, the Excursions Sub-Committee organized a social get together of the Institute's Councillors and their families on Sunday, 27th February, 1983. Asian Mining - change of date The Second Asian Mining Conference, previously announced as being held in Manila, The Philippines, from 5th to 8th November, 1984, will now be held in Manila from 11th to 14th February, 1985.

Jan 1, 1983

SUCCESSFUL development of a new process for heat hardening of pellets made from taconite concentrates was announced by Arthur G. McKee & CO., steel plant engineering and construction firm of Cleveland, and Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co. An order for the design, engineering, and materials for a plant incorporating the process, has been received by the McKee Co. from the Reserve Mining Co. for its new E. W. Davis Works at Silver Bay, Minn. It is estimated that this plant will cost around $19 million and when in full operation, will turn out 12,000 tons of pellets per day.

Jan 10, 1954

By O. W. Shimer, D. C. Helms, C. E. Brown

The early history and progress of anthracite stripping, from the first known operation at Summit Hill in 1821 through 1917, was covered in 1917 in a paper by J. B. Warriner,1 then chief engineer, now president of the Lehigh Navigation Coal Co., and stripping methods between 1917 and 1931 were the subject of a paper in 1931 by H. H. Otto,2 of the Hudson Coal Company. . The present paper is confined to methods used today on pitching beds in the western middle and southern anthracite fields. The anthracite industry, not unlike other large industries, had been affected for more than a decade by the adverse economic conditions of the country. High development and operating costs and the competition of other fuels caused some collieries to be closed temporarily, while others were permanently abandoned. In order to obtain a larger tonnage at a lower development cost, a larger stripping program was put into effect by many companies. In 1932, stripping operations accounted for 3½ million tons, or 7 per cent of the total anthracite production of the year, and in the next 10 years this increased until more than double that amount, or over 14 per cent of the total production, was from stripping operations. These figures represent the total production of the entire anthracite region; unfortunately, the figures have not been separated from the different fields. There are some operations in the southern and middle western fields where the tonnage obtained from stripping amounts to more than 30 per cent of the total colliery production. Stripping operations on pitching beds present difficult problems. Owing to the various geological formations, a different situation is encountered in nearly every stripping pit; and because of the proximity of an overlying bed, it is very often necessary to load the entire overburden into trucks and haul it out of the pit to the dump area, although back filling and casting is done whenever possible. Beds in the areas described in this paper pitch from 20" to 90 and some are on the invert in many sharp folds and faults. Planning The more successful strippings have had adequate engineering analysis. Some work is being done without much preliminary planning, but many strippings would have failed completely if close supervision by the engineering department had not been . maintained. Locations of stripping areas are determined as follows: I. By constructing cross sections over the areas and drilling sufficient diamond-drill or well drill holes to study the strata and to determine the location, thickness

Jan 1, 1944

By Peter N. Loncar

Most miners dream of finding a gold mine sometime during their mining careers, but not very often do such dreams come true. On the tenth day of September, 1962, our dream of finding gold came true when the results of the third drill hole were received. This was undoubtedly one of the most exciting days of our lives. Little did we realize then that this was the beginning of a major discovery destined to became one of the largest gold mines in the country. Discovering and mining gold is not entirely new, however, to Eureka. County a old Lynn Mining District in northeastern Nevada. Since 1900 there has been sporadic activity, mostly consisting of small lode mines and placers. These have produced totally about $300,000; and existence of our orebody would probably have remained unknown had it not been for the United States Geological Survey. The USGS extensively mapped the Roberts Mountain Thrust and published a paper indicating that mineral occurred along this fault and in some places was gold bearing. Utilizing this information, our Newmont Exploration geologists located an area in which: drills were brought in to test their theories. By keeping flexible in our thinning and working, we were able to bring a raw prospect to a producing mine with ore reserves of eleven million tons in a short three-year period.

Jan 1, 1965

By Samuel S. M. Chan

The magnetic susceptibilities of some ores and the major rock formations of the Precambrian Belt Supergroup in the Coeur d'Alene mining district were determined both in the laboratory by the use of the Gouy method and in the field with a Bison susceptibility unit. Trace element analysis of the same group of rock samples was also made using the atomic adsorption technique. Results of this preliminary study indicate that some correlation exists between the magnetic susceptibilities and the various rock formations. This may be useful for regional mapping and mineral exploration.

Jan 1, 1974

By J. P. Bellot

During the non-ferrous metal processing, the melting step under vacuum or under rarefied gas leads to volatile metal losses. It is the case of the metallurgical processing of the nickel-based, titanium-based or zirconium-based alloys where the evaporation losses don't allow a sufficient control of the alloy chemical composition. A theoretical approach has been carried out involving both a continuum description in the liquid phase and a molecular approach in the rarefied gas phase. The finite volume method is used in order to solve the coupled transport equationsin the liquid, whereas the Boltzmann equation is modelled by using a Monte Carlo method. At the liquid metal and metallic vapor interface, the volatilization and recondensation fluxes link up the two calculations. Simulation results are given for the melting and refining of reactive metals such as titanium alloys where the control of the chemical composition remains a major difficulty. The validity of the kinetic Langmuir's law is discussed for different operating conditions.

Jan 1, 1996

By J. A. Cole

This paper discusses the modification of the cyanide tailings treatment method from ferrous sulfate to Caro's acid (peroxymonosulfuric acid). An examination of the operating parameters, costs, and chemistry describes how the decision was made to switch to this treatment method. Plant data collected from the last several months will be used, along with considerations from an operator's viewpoint.

Jan 1, 1996

By John Redstone, André R. Laplante

"Le rebroyage des concentrés d'hématite en usine (Sidbec-Normines, Port-Cartier) et en laboratoire a été modélisé selon le modèle de Reid (1965).L'effet du pourcentage solide sur la cinétique de broyage a été étudié en usine. La fonction de sélection corrigée (pour tenir compte de l'effet du pourcentage solide sur le temps de rétention) augmente lorsque le pourcentage solide augmente de 80 à 84 pourcent. Cette amélioration est contrebalancée par une augmentation de la quantité de pulpe court-circuitée, à des pourcentages solides supérieurs a 81%. La densité optimum de broyage se situe à 84 pourcent.Comme alternative au mode d'opération actuel, l'assemblage des broyeurs en série plutôt qu'en parallèle a également été simulée. Le moins 44 µm passe alors de 68.1 à 72.5 pourcent, ce qui correspond à une capacité supplémentaire de 32 tonnes à l'heure par broyeur. Ces résultats doivent toutefois être interprétés avec prudence, car la cinétique de broyage n'est généralement pas linéaire lorsque le taux d'alimentation est plus que doublé.IntroductionL'usine de bouletage de Sidbec-Normines Inc. a été décrite par Morimoto (1977), Lévesque et al. (1979) et Pabst (1979). La section de broyage des concentrés contient six broyeurs à boulets en parallèle et en circuit ouvert, d'un diamètre de 5. 18 mètres et de 10.36 mètres de longueur. Ils contiennent chacun environ 350 tonnes de boulets d'acier forgé de 3.8 cm de diamètre. Le concentré est broyé de 10 pourcent moins 150 µm (100 mailles) à 65-68 pourcent moins 44 µm (325 mailles), à un pourcentage solide de 78 à 80 pourcent. Cette fragmentation poussée exige une consommation d'énergie de 32 kWh/tonne. Cette énergie est surtout libérée sous forme de chaleur, la pulpe étant déchargée a une température de 68-72° C. II en résulte un milieu de broyage corrosif, et une consommation de boulets élevée, de 3.4 à 4.0 kg / tonne broyée."

Jan 1, 1983

By Steve Rogers

Nautilus Minerals was listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange in May 2006. The company now has major mining companies Anglo America (5.7%), Teck Cominco (7.2%) and Epion Holdings (22.4%) as significant shareholders, and has raised approximately $US346 million dollars to develop the world's first deep-water mine. The company is currently targeting high-grade copper and gold in seafloor massive sulphide mineralization, located near plate boundaries in back-arch basins of the Western Pacific. The first mine scheduled to be developed by the company is located in 1,600 meters of water at Solwara 1, in the relatively quite waters of the Bismarck Sea approximately 50 km from the port of Rabaul, within the Territorial Waters of Papua New Guinea. During 2006 and 2007 the company completed detailed environmental and geological studies, culminating in a number of world firsts, including the world?s first NI 43-101 compliant resource statement and environmental impact study for a seafloor massive sulphide system. Permitting is well advanced for the project, with initial production scheduled for late 2010, subject to timely grant of the permits. Extensive government and stakeholder liaison and engagement has been undertaken throughout the projects life, and is a core feature of Nautilus' desire to "do it right" in all aspects of this new industry.

Jan 1, 2008

By R. D. Shackleton

Medusa Cement Company, a division of Medusa Corporation, is a medium-sized cement manufacturer serving the midwest, east, and southeast. Medusa's eight plants are located in Georgia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Canada. Of these, six have active limestone, shale, clay, and sand quarries now in operation. This paper deals with the various individual state laws regulating mining and reclamation at the Georgia, Illinois, and Pennsylvania quarries. Several recommendations for future state mining laws are discussed also.

Jan 1, 1974

By C. O. Esterhuysen, J. P. Deetlefs, C. A. Wessels

The productivity indices of the Republic of South Africa compare poorly with those of its competitors in the rest of the world. The theory of productivity is relatively simple, and various models are available to demonstrate this. The problem is how to apply the theory in practice and to convert it into a practical management system that will guarantee results. The secret lies in a management approach that aims at a continuous improvement in achievement and that involves the entire work force down to the lowest level in the process. Good management systems ensuring the necessary attention to, among others, management by objectives, finance, personnel, maintenance, planning, and control are a prerequisite for continued improvement and staff involvement. The net result of such an approach is described by the term performance management, which encompasses the total integration of al a company's management systems.

Jan 1, 1989

By Patrick B. Kenny

Generally speaking, it is safe to address this conference as a conclave of Engineers, Owners' Agents, Governmental Representatives, and Contractors. As a group, we have assembled here to learn of our compatriots engaged in similiar underground operations throughout the United States and the World. We are here to learn of improved methods, higher technology, and better management. Through the acquisition of this knowledge, we each hope we can improve our own particular services, products and projects. This session is dedicated to a discussion of "Costs". The most apparent reason for a discussion of costs at this level is to expose subjects affecting costs and propose methods to reduce them. From that premise a contractor can identify three areas of discussion: design considerations, contract considerations, and governmental considerations. A fourth area of consideration is an introspective view of the contractor's role in the design construct process. Unnecessary costs and risks attributable to these areas are contributing excessively to ever increasing project and system costs. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS On April 20, 1977 the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago accepted proposals for the Tunnel and Reservoir Plan on Contract A and Contract B. This letting called for construction of over 33 km (21 miles) of the Mainstream Tunnel bored at 9.75 m (32 ft) to 10.67 m (35 ft.) in diameter. Also included were all the appurtenant collecting and regulating structures. The proposal allowed the

Jan 1, 1979

By N. J. Sather

A detailed description is given of Bunker Hill's concentration process employed at the company's lead-zinc property in the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho. The plant is equipped to process 3000 tpd of Pb-Zn ore. The history of the Bunker Hill mine dates back to Aug. 26, 1885, when Noah S. Kellogg found the outcrop of the Bunker Hill orebody on the hillside of Milo Gulch above the present town of Wardner, Idaho. A small concentrator was erected in 1886, and before the railroad came, the mine output was transported by mule teams to the head of navigation on Coeur d'Alene Lake. After ten years of production, an interest was purchased in the Tacoma smelter at Tacoma, Wash., to which the entire output was shipped. In 1916 and 1917, a modern lead smelting plant and refinery was erected, and a modern electrolytic zinc reduction plant was built in 1927-1928 by the Sullivan Mining Co. which was 50 pct owned (and now totally owned) by the Bunker Hill Co. The first concentrator, a 100-tpd capacity plant, was built in 1886 near the Reed Tunnel in Wardner. The treatment consisted simply of crushing ore to 2 in. and then to 1/2 in. through rolls in closed circuit with a bucket elevator and trommel screen. The undersize was further sized in trommels to 10 mm and 3 mm. Oversize from the latter was treated in Hartz jigs. The 3 mm undersize was classified in crude hydraulic classifiers furnishing sands to sand jigs, the overflow being dewatered in a long V tank which supplied sands to a Cornish buddle and to Frue vanners. The concentrates were of excellent grade, old records showing assays of 69 pct lead and 29 oz. of silver per ton. Tailings were high inasmuch as the provision for treating the slimes was inadequate. Since the erection of the first mill, the Bunker Hill plant has gone through many changes and improvements. In succeeding years, the flowsheet was enlarged somewhat with Huntington and Chilean mills, vanners, tables, ball mills, and flotation cells being progressively added. In the transition period to the present day practice, the object was not only to improve the equipment for better mechanical performance, but to add new equipment whenever practicable so as to improve both grade and recovery of the product at a lower cost. For the modern plant and flow-sheet, see Figs. 1 and 2. The history of flotation at Bunker Hill dates back to 1913 when experimental work was done in a cell in which the pulp was circulated through a centrifugal pump set outside the cell and discharged against a baffle in the cell. The cell was built with a spitzkasten, and the quiet zone in the latter tended to let the froth break down before it got to the overflow weir. To remedy this situation, a belt drag with light metal flights was arranged for drawing off the froth over a ramp in each cell. Recovery of lead was not as high as present day practice, but was so much better than the vanners that the cells were multiplied gradually to eight cell units. The mill men called them mud hens. Flow between the cells was controlled by a weir, which determined the pulp level in each cell. These early machines were called Bunker Hill machines. The tailings were later treated in pneumatic scavenger flotation machines in a series, producing concentrates for retreatment in the Bunker Hill cleaners as well as the final tailings. This system of flotation served with minor changes until the Fahrenwald machine was developed at Bunker Hill during the period from 1921 to 1925. In 1925, the Fahrenwald flotation machine gradually replaced the Bunker Hill machine, although the Hearing pneumatic scavengers for retreatment of the tailings from the Fahrenwald machines were retained in the lead section until 1928. The use of the Hearing pneumatic machine for cleaning the rougher concentrates was begun in 1924. In 1941, plans were made for remodeling and modernizing the concentrator, the goal being a modern concentrator employing the latest equipment and milling practices. The old wooden building was to be replaced by a steel and concrete structure. Shortly after preliminary work got under way, the United States entered World War II and the demands for metals increased. To meet this requirement, the management decided to increase the capacity of the concentrator to 1800 tpd. This was accomplished in record time by the construction and operation of a sink-float plant. Installation of this plant was the first step in the general plan for modernization. In 1947 the concentrator (including the sink-float plant) was enlarged to handle 3000 tpd. Milling operations today are at the rate of 2300 tpd, five days per week. During 1959, 453,000 tons of ore was beneficiated. The Bunker Hill concentrator is in three sections: the crushing plant, a 3000-ton capacity storage bin, and the concentrator building. The crushing plant is of wood design with a gunnite coating on the exterior.

Jan 1, 1961

By Freeman Bishop

Having obviously cleared the way for fast confirmation by the Senate Interior Committee, the Administration recently named Elburt F. Osborn, vice president of Penn State University, as director of the Bureau of Mines. Interior Committee Chairman Henry M. Jackson (D of Wash.) has moved hearings on the nomination right along, forecasting that they will end in a confirmation. Dr. Osborn not only made a good impression on the Committee, he also made it amply clear that he would be the boss of his job and have right-hand aides to help straighten out conflicts stemming from recently enacted health and safety regulations for miners. Mining engineers in the field hope this clarification can come soon. They are frankly fed up with local, state, regional and national overlapping of restrictions.

Jan 1, 1970

By Kelly D, Moore C

The Golden Mile, which has been mined continuously for the past 100 years by both underground and more recently open pit methods, occupies an area of 1.2 km by 4 km adjacent to the city of Kalgoorlie Boulder in Western Australia (Figure 1). Large-scale open pit mining at the Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold Mines (KCGM) Fimiston operations is currently extracting 7.8 million tonnes of oxide and sulphide ore for a total production of 522 000 oz per annum. The effectiveness of grade estimation techniques at KCGM has been examined with reference to existing 10 m bench sample data from all operating areas within the Eastern Lode System of the Main and North pits. The aim of the study was to recommend practical parameters for grade control estimation. The review included comprehensive variography and comparison of nonparametric estimation methods (Joumel, 1983) such as indicator kriging and probability kriging with ordinary kriging, leading to the development of improved grade control parameters and procedures for both daily quality control and short term mine planning. This paper reviews the geological, statistical, geostatistical, mining and modelling features studied in order to present KCGM's Mining Department with recommendations for improving grade control.

Jan 1, 1994

By Theodore H. Budd, Austin M. Cooney

The North Shore 9 Collector System comprised an integral part of the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewer District's Water Pollution Abatement Program. The project required the construction of 1,490 m of tunnel, ranging from 1.5 m to 4.6 m in diameter along three separate alignments beneath arterial streets traversing Milwaukee's central business and cultural districts. This paper details the various aspects of the tunnel drives which were accomplished using two Lovat EPB type TBMs in conjunction with pipe-jacking procedures. Shaft configurations developed for the project, including ancillary subsidence mitigation components and portal pressurization facilities are discussed. Anomalies in observed soil behavior at variance with the parameters delineated in the project's geotechnical report are addressed.

Jan 1, 1991

What is the role of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy at a time when so much is developing and changing in South Africa? The minerals industry is represented through employers, employees, government, education, research, public views, and even pure political interests. The role of the Institute is to represent the mining and metallurgical profession. In this role the Institute has aligned itself with Associated Scientific and Technical Societies, the Council of Scientific Societies and the Engineering Association. The Institute is also active on the Engineering Council of South Africa.

Jan 1, 1996

George L. Heath, South Lake Linden, Mich. (communication to the Secretary): In presenting some notes on the "Heine's Blue Test" Mr. Smith expresses a preference for fresh standards and a cheaper bottle; but this is rather a reversion to the old method, since I devised in 1897 the newer method of preparation and preservation of' permanent standards, which were not used with any success in the original method. Many busy western assayers no doubt value a method for preparing a permanent set of standards in air-tight glass-stoppered bottles, whose use brings the method as near perfection as one could desire as regards rapidity of color-reading and avoidance of unnecessary work. Mr. Smith notes that his color-readings were compared with an electrolytic assay of another ore-sample, and that my electrolytic assays were made on the " blue test" solution from colorimetric assay. He omits, however, reference to the fact, showing the advantage of my procedure, that the next column in table of

Jan 1, 1901

[Following is the Financial Report of the Treasurer from May 22, 1981 to May 21, 1982: RECEIPTS Cash on hand May 22, 1981 $21,815.81 Dues $ 6,800.00 Registrations 19,250.00 Banquet, luncheons, Buffet and Steak Fry Tickets $44,335.00 Less adjustment 831.68 43,503.32 Bank Interest and Certificate Interest 7,747.49 77,300.81 $99,116.62 DISBURSEMENTS Convention Expense - 1981 48,600.37 Convention Expense - 1982 2,146.65 Stamps & Stamped Envelopes 1,251.48 Stationery & Office Expense 1,259.22 Salary of Secretary-Treasurer 5,040.18 Social Security & Employment Tax 772.20 Proceedings $ 9,703.42 Less Advertising 2,290.00 7,413.42 Certificate Purchase 10,000.00 76,483.52 Cash on hand May 21, 1982 22,633.10 United Bank of Denver Savings Account 15,000.00 Money Market Certificates 40,000.00 Total Assets $77,633.10 AUGUSTA WHITESIDE Secretary-Treasurer Approved by Auditing Committee: Paul Hronich, Chairman Robert Anderson Allen E. Duncan Donald P. Huckeby Richard C. Mullins June 29, 1982]

Jan 1, 1982