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By Charles Will Wright

This paper has been written to aid the owner of a small gold mine or prospect in preparing a report on his property for the purpose of interesting capital. If an owner can afford to do so, he should employ a mining engineer of recognized standing and experience to examine and report on his property, but many owners of small -mines and particularly of prospects cannot make the expenditure required for this. Further, many of them do not know how to prepare a description which will cover those features of a deposit on which a potential investor promises his opinion as to its worth. If such an owner is convinced that he possesses an orebody of sufficient grade and size to warrant the required expenditure for a thorough investigation and wishes to present his property to prospective investors, then the following suggestions concerning the proper way to sample his deposit, estimate the tonnage of developed and probable ore, and prepare a report may be of assistance.

Jan 1, 1933

By Wei Zhang, Jinhong Zhang

"In froth flotation, the adsorption of collector on mineral surface is critical for a successful flotation process. In present work, an atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been applied to study the adsorption of potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) on copper sulfides, i.e., chalcopyrite, chalcocite and bornite. The in-situ collected AFM images show that PAX adsorbs on chalcopyrite mainly in the form of oily dixanthogen; while it strongly adsorbs on chalcocite and bornite in the form of insoluble metal xanthate, which binds strongly with the mineral surface. The information obtained from the AFM study shed lights on the collectivity and therefore the selection of specific collector for different copper sulfide minerals in industrial practice.INTRODUCTIONFroth flotation, which treats the highest throughput in mining industry and produces the maximum economic outcome of any surface chemistry process, has been widely applied for the concentration of copper sulfide minerals, i.e., chalcopyrite, chalcocite and bornite. In flotation, collectors are added into the pulp (mixture of water and fine-grained minerals) to selectively adsorb onto the target mineral and render its surface with high hydrophobicity, which is generally beneficial for a strong mineral-bubble attachment and thus a high flotation recovery. Therefore, the adsorption of collector on mineral surface is vital for a successful flotation process and it has been studied by applying various surface analysis techniques, such as IR (Infrared Spectroscopy), CV (Cyclic Voltammetry) and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). (Poling, 1963; Allison et al., 1972; Mielczarski et al., 1984; Leppinen et al., 1989; Kartio et al., 1996) These studies have revealed a lot of information, such as the reaction, product and mechanism, of the adsorption of chemicals on mineral surface. It is also of great interest to directly get the image of adsorbed collectors on mineral surface changing with pulp chemistry, such as pH, redox potential, ionic strength and chemical’s dosage."

Jan 1, 2018

By Godwin M. Beene

Large scale mining operations started in Zambia in 1913 and rapidly expanded during the post 1930 period with the opening of several mining and processing plants on the present Zambian Copperbelt. As a consequence of poor tailings dumps design methods at the start of the mines, and in view of stringent Government Legislation pertaining to environment in the recent years, Nkana Mine has developed a unique method of dump construction at its current tailings depository, Tailings Dam 15A. This method has enabled the revegetation of the dump retaining walls while construction is still in progress, a situation which was not possible on the older dumps. Cowdung has proved to be a superior fertilizer for providing plant nutrients on the tailings. The new method of dump walls construction and walls rainwater runoff drainage system has almost eliminated tendency of gully formation which is common on older dumps, as rainfall on the Zambian Copperbelt comes in intense thunderstorms. The decanted water from the dump is discharged to the natural environment in a controlled fashion after ensuring that it meets the Zambian Government Statutory requirements.

Jan 1, 1999

By R. W. Ludt, C. C. DeWitt

The use of froth flotation for the separation of minerals has become one of the most important of ore dressing processes. Its particular adaptability to the enrichment of low grade ores has made the process an important factor in the national economy. The methods have been extended to the recovery of a great number of minerals. Among the few minerals which have resisted efforts toward industrial flotation is chrysocolla, a hydrated partly colloidal copper silicate. Chrysocolla, being a product of natural oxidation, has been found to occur in small quantities with many ores which are recovered by flotation methods. In present practice, these small quantities of copper silicate pass off with the tailings and are lost. The advantages to be gained by a satisfactory process for the recovery of chrysocolla is apparent. Any application of principles which points a way toward the satisfactory industrial flotation process for copper silicate would be of advantage. This paper presents an attack on this problem. Two methods for the recovery of chrysocolla have been developed by the United States Bureau of Mines.1,2 They have been successful on a laboratory scale but have been seriously restricted in industrial application by critical requirements in the procedure. In one of the Bureau of Mines methods,' the ore is activated with sodium or hydrogen sulphide in an aqueous solution at a pH of 4. Amy1 xanthate is then used as a collector with pine oil as a frother in the flotation process. An excess of sulphide acts as a depressant and the state of optimum conditions is difficult to control industrially. In the second Bureau of Mines method,2 soap is used as the collector at a pH of between 8 and 9. The diffi- culties with this process are that soap is not a specific collector, that heavy metal or alkaline earth ions cause the formation of insoluble soaps, and that a more acid solution causes the formation of a free acid which does not act as a collector for chrysocolla. The problem of recovering chrysocolla by flotation involves the selection of a suitable collector. The collector molecule must be composed of an active polar group that has an attraction for chrysocolla, and of a hydrocarbon chain. Certain dyes have been shown to have an attraction for certain minerals. Suida3 found that hydrated silicates are colored by basic dyes. Dittler4 showed that chrysocolla, among other colloidal minerals of acid reaction, preferentially takes up such basic dyes as fuchsin B, methylene blue, and methyl green. Endell5 gave information to show that the colloidal material in clay may be determined by its selective adsorption of fuchsin. A simple experiment, likewise, illustrates the difference in the adsorptive power of chrysocolla and of silica for the basic triphenyl methane dyes. When a mixture of chrysocolla and silica is immersed in a very dilute dye solution, less than 5 ppm, the chryso-colla is rapidly dyed and the silica is dyed more slowly. The difference is substantial but one of degree. Dean2 showed that the dyes, crystal violet and toluidine blue, are taken up by quartz in an adsorption type process. The difference in the adsorptive power, however, offers the means by which a new collector may act. To form such a collector, a hydrocarbon chain must be attached to the dye molecule. This involves a process of organic synthesis. Butyl, hexyl, and octyl hydrocarbon chains were selected for substitution in the malachite green molecule. For the purpose of identification, the alkyl-substituted dyes formed are called: butyl-malachite green; hexyl- malachite green; and octyl-malachite green. An outline of the procedure for their synthesis is given in the appendix. It is generally recognized in the preparation of this type of dye that the chemical structure of some of the dye molecules varies. However, a uniform formula is attributed to the dye. Such a procedure has been followed in specifying the structure of these alkyl-substi-tuted malachite green dyes. The structure is given on the basis of their properties as an homologous series of dyes, on their method of preparation, and on the purity of intermediates used. Structure of substituted alkyl malachite green is: C6H4 N(CH3)2 p-R C6H4 CH C6H4 N(CH)2 Procedure The flotation cell is a Bureau of Mines 100-g, batch unit provided with an air inlet at the bottom above which is a variable speed agitator. The agi-

Jan 1, 1950

By T. Prof. Ph. D. Egleston

THE importance of having perfectly pure metals has led me to present to the Institute a record of some of the trials that have been made to obtain these metals, and also to show one of the largest specimens of extremely thin metal plate which has ever been made. The malleability of metals varies generally directly with their purity, and hence it is only with very pure metals that thin sheets can be obtained. The competition among different manufacturers has been so great at times as to lead to expensive and apparently useless experiments in obtaining in the first instance very thin sheets, and afterwards very large and thin sheets of metal, apparently with no other purpose than that of being able to say that they had produced the thinnest or the largest thin sheet that had ever been made. These experiments were at first confined exclusively to iron, their object being to show the great dexterity of manipulation, as well as the purity of the metal manufactured. They have since been extended to almost all metals by electrical action, and have gone far beyond the limits of what was possible with purely mechanical means. The processes which have been used are rolling or hammering, electrical deposition in a vacuum, and lastly, electrical deposition on plates, easily soluble in acids. The first and last of these methods have been known and practiced for a very long time, having been used to make thin sheets of almost all the metals. The other is of quite recent application. In the iron manufacture, the strife to produce these thin sheets was commenced in the year 1865, by the Sligo Iron Works writing to a firm in Birmingham, England, on a sheet of iron containing 270 square centimeters, and weighing only 4.469 grams. For some time this was considered to be the thinnest sheet iron that could be made. T. W. Booker & Co., of Cardiff, England, however, produced a few months afterward, a sheet of the same size, weighing only 4.015 grams. This was succeeded by one rolled by Neville and Everitt, of Llannelly, weighing only 3.174 grams. This was followed by one from Hallam, of Swansea, which was 283 square centimeters in size, and weighed but 2.979 grams; and this by one rolled by R. Wil-

Jan 1, 1879

President-Mrs Robert D Coombs, 375 Paramus Road, Paramus, N J First Vice-President-Mrs Howard R Norsworthy, 333 East 53 Street, New York 22, N Y Second Vice-President-Mrs Arthur Notman, Circle Road, Dongan Hills, Staten Island 4, New York Third Viee-President-Mrs David Eugene Park, 30 Sutton Place, New York 22, N Y Fourth Vice-President-Mrs Cony T Brown, 211 East Abeyta Avenue, Socorro, New Mexico Fifth Viee-President-Mrs J A Carpenter, 245 University Terrace, Reno, Nevada Recording Secretary-Mrs W McG Peirce, 7 Lexington Avenue, New York 10, N Y Asst Recording Secretary-Mrs Arnold H Miller, 601 West 115 Street, New York 25, New York Corresponding Secretary-Mrs Theodore Nagel, 76 Remsen Street, Brooklyn 1, New York Treasurer-Mrs Robert W Rowen, 116 East 68 Street, New York 21, N Y Assistant Treasurer-Mrs Samuel H Dolbear, 11 Broadway, New York 4, N Y Assistant Treasurer-Mrs H A Kursell, 12 Murray Hill Road, Scarsdale, New York

Jan 1, 1955

We have been exploring for minerals in Australia for over 100 years and our methods are constantly improving - but why do we pros- pect? Is the effort justified? Obviously the main motive is economic gain. It is now and always has been but conditions are changing rapidly. Once it was the prospector who could cash the nugget. Then it was the syndicate, the small company, an amalgamation of small companies, the large company, the corporation; the multinational corporation - where do we go from there? Early there was personal satisfaction and excitement in out-door activity which gave scope for individual energy, hope and in some cases reward. There still remains the satisfaction, either individual or corporate that a mineral discovery creates new wealth and makes a contribution to the nation's well being. Parallel with developments has always been the growth of restraints on exploration, frequently out of phase with the current mineral developments - miners' rights, licences, titles, royalties, mining laws and regulations, taxation etc. As the operations have become more complex so the restraints have become more confining until it is now very necessary to question whether the chances of economic gain justify the risk and responsibility of mounting costly mineral exploration leading-to extensive capital development.

Jan 1, 1974

The effect of conditioning energy input on the metallurgical results of an emulsion flotation process has beenattributed by previous authors to a detergency process.This paper shows that such a process does not explain the data and that an attrition mechanism is more appropriate.

Jan 1, 1970

By N. Golchinfar

Tunnels in deep mines are subjected to high stresses. Fracture and failure of the rock mass around an opening can occur when mining-induced stresses are high. In burst-prone grounds, mining-induced seismicity can cause additional dynamic loading which can further increase the stress around the tunnels. When the dynamic stress reaches the rock mass strength, fracturing can occur and rockburst may happen (depending on loading stiffness around the failed rock mass). Rock support installed in the tunnel must be capable of dissipating dynamic energy and holding the failed rocks. Hence, it is important to estimate the depth of failure for rock support design. This paper focuses on how to model depth of failure under dynamic loading. In the modeling, two scenarios of rock failure are considered. In the first scenario, rock failure occurs under static loading and subsequent dynamic loading further increases the depth of failure. In the second scenario, no failure occurs under static loading but in the subsequent dynamic loading, failure around the tunnel is created.

Aug 1, 2013

By Steven E. Paulson

In situ mining is emerging as a potential alternative to conventional surf ace and underground mining techniques. A major factor in determining recoveries by in situ mining is the proportion of ore minerals that can be contacted and solubilized by the leach solutions. To provide basic information on the processes occurring during in situ leaching, particularly at the microscopic scale, the Bureau of Mines has developed a geologic characterization research program. This includes laboratory experiments using leaching apparatus that can accommodate whole core samples. Whole core experiments result in higher leach solution-ore mineral contact ratios than packed column experiments, and also allow for the assessment of permeability changes taking place as the result of mineral dissolution, precipitation, and clay swelling within the flow channels in the rock. A nonreactive, reusable reaction cell has been designed and tested. The leaching apparatus can be used for constant-pressure or constant-flow experiments and allows for the control of flow rate, pressure, and temperature during the experiments, thus permitting studies on a wide variety of ore samples. Details of the experimental apparatus and design are presented, as well as preliminary results from the first series of experiments on an oxide copper ore from the Casa Grande, AZ, area.

Jan 1, 1987

By Angus D. Campbell

Introduction Gowganda forms part of the general Cobalt area. Its rocks and ores are very similar to those of the other parts of the area. While its total production of silver is only 4 per cent of that of the famous Cobalt silver camp, its 1928 shipments contained 42 1/2 per cent as much silver as those of Cobalt for that year. During twenty years of production, 15,000,000 ounces of silver have been shipped from Gowganda. Of this, over 8,000,000 ounces have been shipped in the past five years. The area has thus made for several years a substantial contribution to the wealth of Ontario. Its future depends to a great extent on the priee of silver, which is now, unfortunately, at a record low price. This paper is a discussion of how the Gowganda ore-shoots occur, together with some notes on the milling of the ores at the Castle-Trethewey Mines. The first part is written in the hope of stimulating further study of the silver occurrences, which may lead to further discoveries. The second part, besides being a matter of record, may be of some use to operators of small mills. The drawings in the several Figures illustrating the text are by W. D. Stroud, mine superintendent of the Castle-Trethewey Mines, the benefit of whose opinions I have had in compiling these notes.

Jan 1, 1930

By William G. Kegel

Apart from a usable product and good mining conditions, the greatest asset for a profitable coal mining organization is an effective mine maintenance program. The first step in achieving this is to have good mechanics-or men who want to be mechanics and are interested in knowing ,more about the design and control of the machines in their charge. A good mechanic's knowledge and ability result from ambition, curiosity, and determination. Starting with these qualities, the aspiring mechanic can launch his career by learning all he can about mechanics, electricity, and hydraulics. Though the path is rough, the end result is rewarding. Mining machinery probably receives as much, if not more, abuse as any other heavy equipment in use today. Considering the conditions under which much of the repair work must be done, it is essential that the mine operator has the best men and tools to perform the work. Mining machines, from their inception, have utilized the electric motor ; and down through the years of mechanization, this power source has undergone many changes to better adapt it to the job. The first motors used were direct-current (d-c) motors since d-c power was the most economical power source for mining at the time of early mechanization. These motors were large open-type machines which are seldom used in modern mining. Because of the mine environment, the d-c motor has been reduced in size to better suit the application in mining machines and is now manufactured with dust-tight or explosion-proof enclosures. The d-c motor is constructed with either (or both) series and shunt fields located on the stationary part of the motor (stator) and an armature coil wound on the rotating part of the motor (rotor). Power is supplied to the armature by brushes which are held stationary and make sliding contact with the armature. The brushes requires regular and careful maintenance because worn or defective brushes will cause heat or arcing which can destroy the motor. D-c motors can be used as d-c generators when mechanical power is supplied to them by the rotating

Jan 1, 1981

THE metal iron has physical and chemical properties which are somewhat different from those of steels, but a knowledge of the pure metal is a useful starting point in studying the behavior of steels. Solid iron exists in two different crystalline forms, called alpha (a) and gamma (?) iron, the former being the ordinary form at room temperature. When heated above the "A2 point," 768 C (1414 F), the metal becomes nonmagnetic, and at the "A, point," 910 C (1670 F), it undergoes a change in crystalline form to become gamma iron. In the range 768 to 910 C, it is sometimes called beta (ß) iron to distinguish it from the magnetic alpha, but the two are identical in crystal structure. When gamma iron is further heated to 1400 C (2552 E), it changes into delta (d) iron, which is identical with beta or non- magnetic alpha iron. Pure iron melts (in an inert atmosphere) at 1537 C (2800 F); the melting point is generally lowered by alloys or impurities. PROPERTIES OF IRON AT HIGH TEMPERATURES Many of the properties of iron undergo abrupt changes at the transition temperatures.1 For example, in heating through the A, point, a sudden shrinkage in volume occurs. Similarly, melting is attended by sharp physical changes such as an increase in volume. Table 16-1 contains a summary of the measured physical properties of pure iron at several temperatures. Usually the properties change smoothly within the range of stability of a given form, but this is not always true. For example, the specific heat reaches a sharp maximum at the A2 point although no trans- formation occurs. (See Fig 14-1.) Solvent Powers of Liquid Iron. Liquid iron is capable of dissolving most of the other metals and many nonmetallic elements as well. Of the metals that are liquid at the melting point of iron, only lead, silver, and bismuth refuse to dissolve to an ap-

Jan 1, 1951

By R. Simon, A. Khosravi

"Tensile strength of rock samples is measured by direct and indirect tensile tests in accordance with standard guidelines. Due to the difficulties in performing direct tensile test, the indirect tensile (Brazilian) test is conventionally carried out to obtain the ultimate tensile strength. A limited number of studies have been conducted to investigate the role of sample size (length to diameter ratio = L/D) in the stress distribution of the Brazilian test using numerical and analytical methods. These investigations showed that the tensile stress distribution along the loading diameter is not uniform. They also indicated that the difference between the tensile stress at the middle part and at the sides of the sample with higher L/D ratio is greater than that in the other samples.The objective of this study is to show the effect of tensile stress distribution on the fracture surface created by the Brazilian test from a morphological point of view on the samples with different L/D ratio. Hence, a series of fracture surfaces created using the Brazilian tests on the rock samples with L/D of 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25 and 1.5 were investigated.In this study, all fracture surfaces were scanned by a 3D laser profilommeter. A number of roughness profiles parallel and perpendicular to loading axis have been selected from the samples with different L/D ratio and spacing of 1 mm. The results show that the roughness of the profiles perpendicular to the loading axis increases with an increase of L/D ratio, while the roughness of the profiles parallel to the loading axis decreases. Furthermore, some roughness profiles parallel to the loading axis were chosen and divided into three segments. The results revealed that the segment in adjacent to the upper loading platen possesses higher roughness than the other segments."

Jan 1, 2015

In southeastern China, offshore Tertiarybasins are buried underneath the broad continental shelf areas from Taiwan to Hainan Island. These basins bear relatively similar characteristics of structure, stratigraphy and tectonics. Based on age and tectonic framework, these Tertiary basins are divided into two groups of Paleogene basin and Neogene basin (Fig.1 and 2). However, observations of extensional structures indicate that the Paleogene basins are rift basins; and the predominant structural features are NE-SW trending half grabens and fault blocks. In a regional scale, these half grabens and adjacent uplifts represent a horst-and-graben structural style. Neogene basins are downwarp basins lying on the tilting continental shelf. Late Tertiary sequences are relatively undeformed but locally with minor folding and thrusting during the Pliocene-Pleistocene.Seismic stratigraphy and well data indicate that the Early Tertiary strata are commonly tilted and disturbed as nonmarine to marginal marine facies deposited in the wedge-shaped half grabens; the Late Tertiary strata are generally parallel undisturbed marine facies accumulated in the enlarged downwarp basins overlying the infilled half grabens. In general, three major regional unconformities formed during the Late Cretaceous, the Late Eocene and the Middle Miocene. Widespread extrusive basaltic flows are commonly associated with these unconformities.

Jan 1, 1990

SUMPEARY OF CURRENT PRACTICES History The outcrop and surrounding area of Comincots Sullivan Mine was originally mined by small open cuts on surface and small open stopes underground to which shafts and adits were driven for access. When it was established that a commercial grade of ore was available, an adit was driven on the 4600 level (feet above sea level), and OM was extracted by larger scale open stoping leaving supporting pillars where necessary. After the depth of the ore body was proven to the 3900 level and an adit driven at this level, many miles of drifts, crosscuts, raises and sublevels were driven for the extraction of the ore above this level. Larger open stopea were extended from this development. The mining method was, and to a very limited degree still is, a benching method. Due to the strong hanging wall in this area of the mine, stopes with a width of 100 feet or more were opened. In 1931, because the orebody was proven to extend below the 3900 level, a winze was sunk from the 3900 level to the 3350 level. From this winze three intermediate levels were opened. Following a plan of development well in advance of production requirements, further sinking was done by winzes and eventually a large shaft was raised to surface. Prior to 1958 the 2850 level was bottom which since that time has been extended to the 2500 level. Open stopes were developed and mined as this area was opened up.

Jan 1, 1970

A new Military, Engineering School has been established at Camp A. A. Humphreys, Virginia. This camp was used throughout the summer and fall of 1918 for the Engineering Officers Training School in preparing engineer officers for the United States Army. The camp and the courses prescribed were laid out on an ambitious scheme, which since the armistice has been signed, have been directed wholly, toward the permanent establishment of an Engineering Training School for Officers of the regular Army. Those young officers who were graduated from Nest Point at the end of a two-year course, necessitated by the emergency, have been ordered to Camp Humphreys to complete their engineering education.

Jan 3, 1919

The purpose of this paper is to outline some aspects of the experimental worlr that has been carried out in the mineral dressing laboratory at M'ount. Morgan during recent years.The subject matter has been dealt with under the following headings:1. Comminution of various mill products.2. The application of sulphur dioxide as a flotation reagent.3. Heavy-media separation.4. Bulk flotation of sulphide ores.COMMINUTION OF VARIOUS MILL PRODUCTSThe following data were cbtained by processing fractions of reserve grade ore.Granular TailingIn Table 1 are shown the results of tests on material representative of average grade tailing. In the first test (H1 ) the granular tailing was floated as received and in the second test (Ha) the tailing was ground prior to flotation.

Jan 1, 1952

Although small scale mining is regarded by many as of historical value only, this kind of mining activity is still much more widespread than is usually assumed. It has been estimated that it produces as much as ten per cent of the global mineral output. More significantly this figure is often much higher for many of the developing countries of Africa, Asia and South America, signifying the relatively greater contribution of small scale mining to the economies of those countries. It is also noted that small scale mining has always been a feature of mineral production in New Zealand and Australia. An attempt is made to define small scale mining, and the factors determining the suitability of small scale mining operations are discussed. The state of the art in small scale mining is reviewed and the author endeavours to rationalise the important parameters which contribute to successful small scale mining operations and discusses how these parameters may be optimised. The benefits of small scale mining to the mining industry as a whole and to the community at large are outlined. The paper concludes by emphasising the necessity to maintain small scale mining and 'explores' its future 'prospects'.

Jan 1, 1990

By Max Littlefield, Godbold A. C., Gray L. L.

The West Edmond pool of Central Oklahoma, a limestone reservoir, has an area in excess of 29,000 acres and as of Sept. 15, 1946, had produced 53 million barrels of oil from 731 wells at an average depth of 6900 ft. Water has encroached into the reservoir along the west side of the pool and although the area of water invasion is large the net volume of water influx is small, because encroachment has been primarily into a fracture system. The most significant part of this study concerns the character of the Hunton reservoir. Geological study of cores of the producing section was made to supplement core-analysis data. It was determined that approximately 90 pct of the pore volume was contained in intergranular or sand-like porosity and 10 pct in fractures (intermediate porosity). The porous limestone is divided into blocks by the fractures, although in the strongly dolomitic parts of the producing section, fractures are less well developed. The low-permeability intergranular porosity, largely subsidiary to the high-permeability fractures, will produce oil into the fractures by evolution of solution gas. The fractures in effect serve as drainage channels for production of oil from the inter-granular porosity. Because of such a large difference in permeabilities of the two com-ponents, a high degree of by-passing will occur, and, accordingly, the economics involved in undertaking full-scale high pressure gas injection operations have been seriously questioned. Introduction The West Edmond Hunton pool, which covers portions of Canadian, Logan, Oklahoma, and Kingfisher Counties in Central Oklahoma, is the largest reservoir producing oil from a limestone in the state. The total area of the pool comprises about 29,240 acres and development is considered to be essentially complete. In all, 731 producing wells have been completed in the Hunton reservoir at an average depth of approximately 6900 ft, and have yielded a cumulative oil production in excess of 53 million barrels as of Sept. 15, 1946. In addition to wells completed in the Hunton limestone, 21 wells have been completed in the Bartlesville sand at a depth of approximately 6500 ft, which have produced a total of 730,000 bbl of oil. One small producer has been completed in the Cleveland sand at a depth of 5700 ft. However, a study of only the Hunton limestone reservoir will be presented in this paper. The most significant phase of this study concerns the special type of geological core examination that was made in an effort to ascertain the type and degree of porosity in the rock in accordance with lithologic types. Results of this geological study showed the west Edmond pool to be of such a complex nature as to appreciably affect the behavior normally associated with homogeneous reservoirs. Recognition of this condition in the

Jan 1, 1948