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By N. S. Tanious

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulation 10 CFR 60 requires that the ventilation system for the geologic repository be designed to: (1) control the transport of radioactive particulates and gases, (2) assure continued function during normal operations and under accident conditions, and (3) separate the ventilation of excavation and emplacement areas. The ventilation system design should take into account thermal loading; maintenance of the retrieval option and-the separation of the development and emplacement ventilation circuits. An analysis was performed by NRC's contractor, Engineers International on the ventilation system design described in the Department of Energy's conceptual design for Nevada. The ventilation analysis is of a preliminary nature. The conclusions presented in this paper reflect the views of the authors and may not represent the views of the NRC. In this analysis, available Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigation (NNWSI) ventilation design information was reviewed and a ventilation network analysis was performed.

Jan 1, 1988

The planning, design and construction of a service tunnel, under a major arterial road between two hospitals are described. The multiple uses of the tunnel combine to provide a favourable cost-benefit ratio for the tunnel as part of a rationalisation of services between hospitals. The driven tunnel provides economic, program and approval advantages over that of a cut and cover construction. The cross sectional shape of the tunnel was determined during feasibility studies by the degree of weathering of the Silurian mud- stones, the shallow cover and the proposed excavation equipment as well as the functional requirements. The site investigations covering geotechnical, building, noise and level surveys provided input to the design documentation and construction phases. Monitoring of settlement levels and primary support stresses during early construction stages confirmed the adequacy of the proposed tunnelling methods and support to be used adjacent to the major building foundations. The 140 metre long tunnel was success- fully completed in April 1980 at a cost of $650,000.

Jan 1, 1981

By Dudgeon RN, Houston ML

When the original Mount Gunson joint venture,between CSR Limited and United Uranium N.L. ceased operations in December 1971, an intensive exploration campaign was launched to prospect for more ore in the Mount Gunson region. This campaign resulted in the dis- covery'of the Cattle Grid copper deposit. A comprehensive sampling pro- gramme including the sinking of over 200 diamond drill holes and two vertical shafts,proved the existence of 4.6 million tonnes of ore, at a mean grade of 2.4% Cu,calculated at 1.00% Cu cutoff.

Jan 1, 1975

By Osorio J. D C, McMahon M. D

Burwood Beach Sewage Ocean Outfall is being constructed by the Hunter District Water Board as part of an amplification scheme to eliminate pollution from adjacent bathing beaches. The outfall consists of a 93m vertical shaft, 1950m of 2.7m diameter tunnel with a series of diffuser outlets connecting the seaward end of the tunnel to the sea floor on a rock outcrop. The site of the work is in the Newcastle Coal Measures and the project is complicated by the proximity of colliery workings to tunnel alignment, although the colliery records provided valuable information on geological features. The location of the tunnel was determined to be in the Waratah Sandstone Formation immediately below the colliery workings after three different alternatives were considered. The shaft, which will be sized to suit contractor's construction methods and equipment, will be sunk through about 24.5m of alluvial material and 68.5m of rock. The tender documents were developed to allow the contractor considerable flexibility in construction method to suit available equipment. The specification also allowed great flexibility in tunnel construction method with minimum cross sectional area of 5.7m2 being the basis for a number of allowable alternative profiles ranging from circular to horseshoe.

Jan 1, 1987

By Chappel R. A, Fishburn B. R

The Eastern Distributor Tunnels - the first major road tunnel project in Australia - are the preferred solution to traffic congestion problems, when compared with alternatives, in this inner urban environment. This is because of the reduced impact on residential housing, the improvement of the existing environment, less restrictions on future developments, and a reduction in noise and pollution. Developments leading to a tunnelled solution, traffic needs and reasons for route location are discussed. Criteria for design of tunnel alignments and geometry are described, including the restraints imposed by surface connections on profiles and grades resulting in low rock cover at tunnel portals. The main geotechnical restraints are a major weathered dyke at the shallow large span underground fork and the weathered Ashfield Shale capping the Hawkesbury Sandstone at a portal. Rock cuttability and excavation methods are discussed. Roadheader machines are the most suitable for the varying shallow arched cross sections required and the tunnel lengths involved but the use of blasting in special situations cannot be ruled out. Initial support for the major tunnel lengths will be provided by rock reinforcement in conjunction with shotcrete. Steel ribs are proposed in areas of low cover and weak ground. Final support will comprise an insitu concrete lining. Construction concepts and special tunnelling methods required at the shallow underground forks and tunnels are described.

Jan 1, 1987

By Bernie W. Martin, Paul MacLeod

The new St. Clair River International Tunnel Project presented unique challenges in planning, permitting and approval. The project straddles the border between the Province of Ontario and the State of Michigan necessitating the review of U.S. approval legislation that has not been used in 60 years. The preparation of an environmental impact report to satisfy the legislative requirements for the Federal laws of the U.S. and Canada as well as the Province of Ontario and the State of Michigan presented a daunting task. In all, over 200 external contacts were made in carrying out the environmental approvals and permitting work. The definition of the alternatives including the NULL option were documented along with the impacts and mitigation measures. A "Modified Delphi" technique, along with other methodologies, was used for alternative evaluation and selection. A formal and informal public consultation process was undertaken which involved over forty major presentations and external meetings. A unique alternative to the traditional design, tender, build contracting practice was adopted; The Negotiated Compressed Process (NCP).

Jan 1, 1993

By Alan de Sousa

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo revisar o atual plano de lubrificação de um laminador a frio modelo Sendzimir, tendo como foco principal determinar por meios analíticos, a confiabilidade dos processos de relubrificação à graxa de mancais de rolamento. Para a determinação dos parâmetros de relubrificação do restante dos conjuntos, que não são mancais de rolamento, foi realizada a consulta dos catálogos dos fabricantes para a determinação dos intervalos e quantidades, conforme recomendação destes. Para a realização deste trabalho, foi necessária uma extensa revisão bibliográfica, de normas e literaturas referentes a este tema. No final deste, objetiva-se a obtenção de um aumento da confiabilidade dos equipamentos, além de uma redução de custo com mão de obra e lubrificante durante os períodos de relubrificação.

Oct 30, 2017

By Louis W. Cope

The Compañía El Zapote Yacimiento Y Minas, S.A. has an ore body containing 650,000 tons of 0.185 oz/t gold ore in Mexico. Metallurgical testwork has been done to determine the response of this ore to several possible processing schemes. The paper describes the rationale for selecting the Silver State Mining Co. methods in Colorado. Plans for developing the mine and building the treatment plant are described in detail in the paper. Estimates of capital and operating costs are included.

Jan 1, 1984

By E. J. KENNEDY

THE 142D MEETING of the Institute is rapidly shaping up with splendid prospects of a strong technical program and the lighter side of this annual occasion amply provided for. The date is February 20 to 23. The technical sessions will be held in the Engineering Societies building; the smoker-dinner, the informal dance, and the annual reception and dinner, at the Commodore Hotel, Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday respectively. The news to date on the technical side is as follows: Mining Methods-Subsidence The Mining Methods Committee has prepared an interesting program which will be divided into two sessions to be held early in the week. At the first there will be papers on mining methods and development, including a description of the "Sinking and Equipment of No. 2 Shaft at Minas de Matahambre," by Dudley D. Homer and R. H. Cromwell. They describe in considerable detail the equipment used and the practice followed in sinking this important shaft, giving detailed costs and performance figures. Hoist¬ing ?arrangements and mining practice at the "Red Ore Mines of the Woodward Iron Co. at Bessemer, Ala.," are described by Tenny C. DeSollar, superintendent of mines, in a second paper. At this session of the Mining Methods Committee, H. M. Roche and R. E. Crockett, of the Committee on Eastern Magnetite Mining and Milling Methods, will present their paper, "Iron Ore Mining at the Scrub Oak Mine." This mine is in the highlands of New Jersey about 40 miles west of New York City. Prof. Robert K. Warner of Yale University will present a paper on "The Selection of a Mining System," which should have an interesting discussion. Pierre R. Hines, of Portland, Ore., will present, with stereopticon slides, his paper on "The Owyhee Tunnels, U. S. Reclamation Project, Owyhee, Oregon," describing one of the recent irrigation undertakings.

Jan 1, 1933

By AIME AIME

THE Coal Division holds its fall meeting in the Pocahontas coal field, at the West Virginian Hotel, Bluefield, W. Va., Oct. 9 and 10. The first day will be a busy one-two sessions for the presentation of papers and a dinner in the evening. Hon. E. Fudge, Assistant Undersecretary, Mines Department, and R. V. Wheeler, head of the Mines Research Board of Great Britain, will be the guests of the Division. Mr. Wheeler will discuss the British Mining Act as relates to the coal industry. George S. Rice, Chief Mining Engineer, U. S. Bureau of Mines, will present an account of the recent meeting at Buxton in England, of representatives of England, Germany, France, Belgium and the United States to formulate a plan and to correlate research work now in progress in the various countries. The second day the members will be the guests of the operators on a trip through the Pocahontas field. The work of preparation for the meeting is being actively pushed by committees headed by T. H. Clagett, R. M. Lambie and H. D. Smith, and a good attendance, both local and from the general membership of the Division, is anticipated. Because many will make the trip by car the principal automobile as well as rail-road connections to Bluefield are given here. The program for Friday, Oct. 9, follows:

Jan 1, 1931

By D. P. McDonald

"IntroductionTHE PURPOSE of this paper is to present .a summary of the evidence given before the Petroleum and Natural Gas Conservation Board in support of applications to it for permits to export natural gas from Alberta.I will attempt to be objective in my statements, despite the fact that my main interest in the hearings before the Board was to advance the interests of my own clients, the Westcoast Transmission Company, Limited.The hearing of the export applications •commenced before the Board in January, 1950, with the .application of the Westcoast Transmission Company. Joint hearings were commenced in September, 1950, and completed on December 14th, 1951. The Board heard evidence in support of six applications for export, one application to build a gathering system in Alberta, and three interveners, the .latter being the City of Calgary, the local gas companies, .and the coal interests, including both operators of coal mines and the Unions.The evidence comprised better than 8,400 pages, over two million words, and occupied 92 days before the Board.The Interest in Natural GasThe natural gas industry is one of the newer industries. It is not yet twenty years •old. In the United States, the expansion •of pipeline facilities has been phenomenal in the last fifteen years, and particularly in the last three years, when a total of over two billion dollars was invested in pipeline facilities. There are approximately 250,000 miles of gas transmission pipelines in the United States at this time, with additional lines constantly being pressed."

Jan 1, 1952

As we understand the functions of the A. I. M. E. Petroleum Division, they are to discover and promote knowledge for the benefit of society on the mining of oil and gas. To the individual member of the Petroleum Division, there are certain advantages of social and professional contacts, but the collective purpose is that described. And the individual is benefited by membership only as the Division measures up to the purposes of its existence. Consequently, the welfare of this Division and that of its members depends upon the extent to which it keeps pace with the needs of society on matters relating to the mining of oil and gas. To some extent, A. I. M. E. activities must be determined by the changing current needs of society. The great problem ahead of the world for some time is to evolve equitable types of production control in many industries, and especially is that true of the oil industry. Production control in this industry is as much an engineering function as is production development, notwithstanding it also involves the lawyer, the economist and the politician. It must be built on and around suitable engineering planning enforced by public opinion and legislation. We believe the prerequisite to any satisfactory solution of the oil industry's ills is an educational campaign establishing a better public understanding of the needs and merits of production control, by which we mean the maximum yield at the minimum cost coordinated to society's current needs. The underlying causes of the oil industry's ills are well known and generally agreed upon. In like manner there is general agreement among students of the industry that the first step toward their correction would be general adoption of oil-field developing and operating methods that would permit most efficient use of reservoir energy; that would provide for equitable distribution of oil and gas among the several owners in the pool; and also for the extraction of these products in response to market demand. It is now found, however, that general adoption of such developing and operating methods unfortunately cannot be brought about without changes being secured in certain basic laws of oil and gas, and perhaps also in the anti-trust laws. These legal changes are difficult to secure because of the widespread fear that they would tend to place the oil industry more exclusively in the hands of the major companies, and that

Jan 1, 1932

The plans for the activities of the Petroleum Division for the coming year do not differ materially from those of the past several years. The fall meeting is scheduled for Oct. 12 and 13 and is to be held at Tulsa, Oklahoma. The Division, of course, will take part in the annual meeting of the Institute at New York. A fall meeting will also be held in California at approximately the same time as the meeting at Tulsa. A number of papers are to be presented at the two meetings simultaneously. The various committees are at work arranging the programs. The Division will continue to be active in its various fields of endeavor, such as stabilization, production reviews, and economics, but special stress is to be laid on the engineering and research fields. In the past the Division has served as a forum for open and frank discussion of problems confronting the engineers in the oil industry. It is hoped that it will continue to function in this capacity. Papers presenting original ideas and extending the boundaries of knowledge and understanding in the field of petroleum production will be welcomed. Members who have interesting information to contribute should not wait until called upon by one of the Committees, but should offer a paper at the earliest opportunity. The past year has seen a decided strengthening of the control over production, with prospects of even more rigid control in the future. It is essential that production programs under such control be carefully planned and it is highly desirable that petroleum engineers take an active part in the planning, to insure efficient production of oil and minimize the waste of this natural resource. At a time like this, when it is difficult to keep the production of oil within reasonable limits, it may seem unnecessary to improve the efficiency of production methods, but, as has been aptly said, the trouble is not that we have too great a reserve of oil but that we are producing tomorrow's oil today. Therefore it behooves those who are entrusted with the engineering and scientific phases of production to learn how to get the greatest yield economically possible from the present and future fields in order that we may enjoy the advantages of petroleum products for a long time to come.

Jan 1, 1934

By E. J. KENNEDY

FEBRUARY 15-18 will be the outstanding dates of the month for members of the A. I. M. E., for then the 141st Meeting of the Institute is to be held in the Engineering Societies Building, at New York. What with 41 technical sessions, the Annual Business Meeting at 4 o'clock Tuesday afternoon,, two sessions of the Section and Division delegates, minor committee meetings, and the many luncheons and dinners, the Dinner-Smoker, Informal Dance, President's Reception and the Dinner-Dance, the opportunity will be limited to do- more-than cast sheep's eyes at New York's other multitudinous attrac¬tions until the meeting is over. The technical program is diverse but well organized. The sessions are almost equally divided among the four days, with ten on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, and 11 on Thursday. The meeting opens Monday morning with registration. Be sure to attend to this detail. Failure to do so may have its repercussions at the meeting and throughout the year.

Jan 1, 1932

The Commissioner of Education has issued a call for a public conference on business training for engineers and engineering training for students of business. This conference, national in scope and character fully representative of all interests, will be held in Washington, D. C. on June 23 and 24. Educational institutions, commercial organizations, and educational and engineering societies will be given an opportunity to state their views. Engineers, educators and business men will be invited to discuss the following major topics: Business Training for the Engineer; Engineering Training for Commercial Enterprises; Significance of the. War Experience for Engineering Education; Training of the Engineer for Foreign Projects. This conference has been called on behalf of the Conference Committee on Commercial Engineering. This Committee is composed of administrative professors in engineering and commerce from several of the large educational institutions and representatives from the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education, The American Society of Civil Engineers, American Institute of Electrical Engineers, American Society .of Mechanical Engineers, and a committee f fifteen on Educational Preparation for Foreign Service.

Jan 6, 1919

By A. W. Ambrose

The present plans for the Petroleum Division of the American Insti-tute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers provide for two principal meetings in the year 1928. The first will be at Tulsa, Okla., in September or October, 1928, with the exact date largely dependent upon the date of the .International Petroleum Exposition. The officers wish to hold the meeting at the same time as the Exposition in order that members of the Petroleum Division of the A. I. M. E. may have the advantage of attending both meetings at the same time. It is planned that this meeting will be devoted largely to petroleum production engineering problems. A tentative outline of subjects to be discussed is as follows: 1. Repressuring New Oil Fields, and naturally in conjunction with this falls Repressuring of Old Fields. 2. Air or Gas Lift. 3. Flow Strings in New Wells. 4. Deep Drilling Technique. It is also planned to have at this meeting a general paper relating to Supply and Demand of Petroleum and its Products. The second meeting is planned for February, 1929, in New York at the same time as the annual meeting of the Institute. Special details have not been carried very far on this meeting, although it is expected the program will cover technical problems in relation to production and refining of crude oil, as well as 1928 development in foreign fields and the United States. It is planned during 1928 to cooperate with the Bureau of Mines in an attempt to compile a set of definitions on petroleum engineering. These would be of value to the petroleum engineering profession, in order to better standardize various terms used in discussion of current problems. It has also been suggested that the Petroleum Division study certain problems in which research work is needed by the petroleum industry and outline certain definite programs that could be carried out by the Bureau of Mines and the U. S. Geological Survey, as a follow-up to

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