Search Documents

By J. French Robinson

A review of production in the Eastern District for 1930 is necessarily brief. Drilling operations were curtailed, due to economic conditions, which in turn reduced production. However, in spite of these conditions, there have been a few outstanding developments which surpass any of recent years. The development of a field in Chautauqua and Cattaraugus counties, New York, has been rapid and probably reached its peak of production in 1930. The gas in this field comes from the White Medina Sand (Silurian), at an average depth of 2600 ft. Some of the wells had an open flow of 20,000,000 cu. ft. of gas per day,' with an original rock pressure of 965 pounds2 per square inch. Another area developed during 1930 was the Tyrone field, in Tyrone Township, Schuyler County, New York. This field was discovered 2nd is practically controlled by the Belmont Quadrangle Drilling Corpn. of New York. The production is from the Oriskany Sand (Devonian), which is found at an average depth of 2100 ft. The field covers approximately 2000 acres, and to date has 14 producing gas wells. The largest well had an open flow of 15,000,000 cu. ft. and an original rock pressure of 740 Ib. The gas from this field is impregnated with sulfur, and requires washing before it is marketed. Because little is known of the Oriskany Sand, a brief description may be of interest. This sand outcrops at Oriskany Falls, New York, and has a thickness of 10 to 12 ft. Its texture is coarse grained, it is composed mostly of quartz and is a regularly bedded sandstone. At Yauger's Wood, in Cayuga County, New York, it is exposed and shows a thickness of 26 feet. The discovery of the Tyrone field led to much prospecting in the New York and the northern part of Pennsylvania, and as a result of this search, the Allegany Gas Co. struck a large gas well in Farmington Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, which created considerable excitement through the Eastern District. The gas was encountered at a depth of 4010 ft., and tested 20,000,000 cu. ft. open flow, with a shut-in pressure

Jan 1, 1931

By David Keys

THE object of this investigation was to determine with a vertical magnetic variometer the extent of the titaniferous ore deposit that occurs not far from Ivry in Terrebonne County, Quebec, about 70 miles north of Montreal. The Ivry mine, on lots 37 and 38 of range V, Beres-ford township, Quebec, is one of the largest and most accessible to transportation of the deposits of ilmenite in Quebec. The ore consists of an aggregate of ilmenite anhedra serving as host for numerous fine plaques of hematite. No magnetite is known from any occurrence near this lot, and in this way the deposit differs from many others that contain a large percentage of magnetite with the ilmenite. The deposit at Ivry thus has much lower magnetic susceptibility than those containing abun-dant magnetite, and a sensitive magnetometer was necessary for the work, although a body of magnetite with ilmenite about a mile from the Ivry mine was successfully prospected with a dip needle. The principal orebody is exposed in a quarry known as the Ivry mine, from which about 16,000 tons of ore have been shipped. Small exposures of ilmenite isolated by drift serve to show the presence at the surface of some of the bodies indicated by the magnetometer,- but most of the hill is covered with glacial till and second growth hardwood. At the lower levels the till gives place to fluvioglacial sands and gravels from which the forest has been cleared. The increasing thickness of the sand and gravel as the hill descends makes the tracing outward of the deposits from the rocky knob of anorthosite a difficult matter. Within the orebodies too, some masses of anorthosite persist, which may account for some local irregularities. Fig. 1 is a photomicrograph, taken by reflected light, of a typical specimen of the ore. The dark patches are hematite and the light parts are ilmenite. No trace of magnetite was found. Fig. 2 is a photo-micrograph of a thin section of the country rock showing the texture of the anorthosite. The mean of four analyses quoted by Robinson1 is: titanium, 19.26 per cent; iron 45:41 per cent.

Jan 1, 1936

By J. W. Leonard, J. C. Anderson, C. T. Holland

PREPARATION CONTROL IN UNDERGROUND MINING Selective Mining According to district Depending upon the particular geographic loca- tion or seam characteristics, modern raw coal preparation practices can be used to obtain improved product quality and uniformity. Nevertheless, certain coal markets may require only marginal quality while others may require very high quality, and these objectives may be sought by commencing the preparation of coal underground at the "working face." Under- ground preparation involves choosing those portions of the seam which can be cleaned to satisfy predetermined market requirements involving ( 1 ) maintenance of uniformity in chemical quality, (2) elimination of removable impurities, (3) control of sizes and size ratios, and (4) control of moisture. The methods employed to attain these objectives vary widely with the (1 ) seam under development, (2) mining equipment available, and (3) changing trends in the consuming markets. When a mining property is opened and development progresses from one section to another, the (1) petrography of the coal in the seam does not remain uniform, (2) character of roof and floor are subject to change, and (3) character and prevalence of mineral impurities are subject to considerable variation. The quality of coal shipped to market from any mine depends upon intelligent foresight, planning, execution, and supervision. Mining becomes a highly technical art. The quality of coal as determined by chemical and petrographic analysis is without question one of the most important considerations in the development and life of any coal-mining property. Variations in such proper- ties as volatile matter, ash, sulfur, Btu content, and petrography are of considerable interest, and to a limited extent so are such properties as phosphorous content, free swelling index, plasticity, hardness, pressure formation during coking, and ash composition. The maximum and minimum specifications of these characteristics as established by competitive market conditions place definite limits on the marketability of a coal.

Jan 1, 1979

The development of present methods of pillar extraction has evolved from the very earliest of hand mining operations which were limited in scope by venti- lation and transport considerations. Conservation and safety considerations also have led to the current shortwall operations with conventional equipment and powered supports. The shortwall methods have had significant effects on safety, costs, con- servation, flexibility, and other aspects of pillar extraction. The present stage falls short of the ideal but is some guide to prediction in what direction may lie the ideal methods for the future.

Jan 1, 1974

By Chuansheng Luo

If lead-zinc ores have high oxidation rate, separation of lead and zinc is very difficult. This paper studied the technology of preferential flotation by the coarse grinding and re-grinding. The lead concentrate grade is 51.40% and the lead recovery is 62.83% when feed grades Pb 1.74% and Zn 6.46% with oxidation rate being 13.75%. At same time, the zinc concentrate grade is 50.07% and its recovery is 90.01%.

Sep 1, 2012

By David B. Reger

Extensive drilling for gas and increased pipe-line building were the major petroleum activities in West Virginia during 1937. According to the West Virginia Department of Mines, 1034 permits to drill were issued. A running account of operations from trade journals and other reports shows that 1041 wells were drilled, resulting in 193 oil wells with 1238 bbl. of daily production; 680 gas wells with 1,048,057,000 cu. ft. of daily open flow; and 168 dry holes. The new oil-well average is 6.4 bbl. per well per day; the gas-well average is 1,541,260 cu. ft. per well per day; the ratio of dry holes to completions is 16.13 per cent. Very little attempt was made to develop new supplies of oil. Because of the continued low price, operators evidently considered it good business to leave oil in the ground rather than to produce it at a loss or on a small profit basis. The principal oil wells completed, by counties, are: Calhoun, 16; Clay, 10; Pleasants, 17; Ritchie, 42; Roane, 16; Tyler, 13; Wetzel, 11; Wirt, 14; Wood, 13. The leading counties in gas, with the number of successful wells in each, are: Boone, 54; Braxton, 31; Cabell, 48; Calhoun, 46; Gilmer, 82; Kanawha, 134; Lincoln, 44; Ritchie, 56; and Wayne, 26. General State of the Industry In Table 1 will be found an approximate summary of oil and gas territory and reserves, oil and gas production and number of oil and gas wells. The amount of land under lease is an approximation, because the exact figures are not available through any public or private agency. The proved land and reserves represent the opinion of the writer. The oil production for 1937 is subject to revision, and the gas production for the same year is only an estimate, based on demand and supply. The number of oil and gas wells now active is also an approximation, based on previous studies, and revised for completions and abandonments. Principal, Areas of Activity In Boone County, 62 wells were drilled in various localities, resulting in 4 oil wells and 54 gas wells with 18,170,000 cu. ft. of new production.

Jan 1, 1938

By J. C. Edwards

The Bureau of Mines developed a mathematical model for analysis of the impact of scrubber bed length, porosity, and gas flow rate on the absorption of C02 in a breathing apparatus. The model accounts for the decrease in available absorbent through chemical conversion. The pre-dicted efflux of C02 from a canister containing LiOR compared favorably with measured values reported elsewhere. It was determined from a com-putational study that the time for breakthrough of C02 at a prescribed level is nearly directly proportional to bed length and inversely pro-portional to gas flow and porosity.

Jan 1, 1987

By F. C. Greene

The oil and gas industry in Missouri in 1934 continued along the same lines that have marked the previous years. One new gas pool has been opened, others have been extended and in one oil pool a 25-bbl. well was completed. Missouri has no laws or regulations relating to drilling or the filing of well logs and the Geological Survey depends on its own scouting activities to obtain information. The data herein have been taken largely from a paper by the author recently published in the 58th Biennial Report of the State Geologist of Missouri. That report is available on application to H. A. Buehler, State Geologist, Rolla, Missouri, accompanied by ten cents in stamps, the amount of the postage. The preliminary figures, subject to revision, indicate that before the end of December, 1932, there were 2495 completions, of which 320 were oil wells, 1139 were gas wells and 1036 were dry. Over half of the oil wells were drilled in the Richards-Stotesbury area of Vernon County and were pumped for only a short period of time. During the period 1933-34 there were 201 completions, of which 10 were oil wells with an initial daily capacity of 100 bbl., 90 were gas wells, with an open flow of 26,578,256 cu. ft., and 101 were dry. The most active areas in drilling for gas in 1934 were the Marota area, sec. 17, T.49N., R.32W., Jackson County, the Grandview area in T.47N., R.33W., Jackson County, and the Plattsburg area in Clinton County. The Knoche oil pool in sec. 16, T.46N., R.33W., Cass County, was the scene of the only important oil development. In the Marota pool nine wells were completed to the Squirrel sand, with a combined open flow of about 5,000,000 cu. ft. The pool is on a small symmetrical dome with a closure of at least 30 ft. The average depth of the wells is 450 ft. The Squirrel sand (Upper Cherokee, Pennsylvanian) had a thickness of 94 ft. in a near-by dry hole, but only the upper 30 or 40 ft. is drilled in the producing wells. The largest well

Jan 1, 1935

By Florian Aurelian, Mihai Popescu

"It will be tested four types of “geochemical barriers”. All those mixtures were contacted with mine waters containing uranium, radium and heavy metals. The loading capacity was determined. The optimum mixture was determined and its efficiency was tested within an uranium areal, where the activity was stopped. It was determined the possibility to recover the radioactive elements and the heavy metals from the investigated barriers.IntroductionThe paper presents the results concerning the performances of some “geochemical barriers” used for the decontamination of mine waters from uranium mining sites, which were tested in lab and in situ.ExperimentalThe research activity was carried out in lab and on the site.In the lab a module was constructed in order to follow up the uptake capacity of the “permeable reactive geochemical barriers” used to remove the radiolelements from the contaminated waters originated from the uranium mining industry. The barriers, which were used, are made of cheap natural materials, which can be easily got (wood chips, peat coal, sawdust, iron span, steel and zeolitic tuff). The following types of barriers were tested:•, 1st barrier: peat coal, sawdust, zeolite on weight ratio of 1/1/1;•, 2nd barrier: bentonite, sand, wood chips, peat coal on weight ratio of 1/1/1/1;•, 3rd barrier: iron span, steel, sawdust, peat coal on weight ratio of 2/1/1;•, 4th barrier: iron span, steel, sand, firry wood chips on weight ratio of 1/1/1.Lab researches concerning the uranium uptake capacity of the above described “reactive barriers” pointed out that the 3rd mixture (iron span, steel, sawdust, peat coal on a ratio of 2/1/1) didn’t reach the maximum uranium uptake capacity not even after eleven contact stages (the uptake capacity being of 70.6 mg U/ kg of mixture) and the mixture of peat coal, sawdust and zeolite has an uranium uptake capacity of 26.6 mg U/kg of mixture and becomes saturated after four contact stages.Each one of the components involved in physical-chemical processes of sorption, reduction and precipitation, will determine the diminution of uranium and other metals contents upstream the permeable reactive barrier."

Jan 1, 2008

ATTENTION has recently been directed to the subject of dust production and methods of allaying same in the Broken Hill mines, so that the time would seem opportune for the local branch of the Institute to discuss certain features of an important phase of the health question in connection with underground work. Tests conducted in the Broken Hill South mine and at other mines at Broken Hill have shown that the ordinary operatioils of mining, such as boring, blasting, and shovelling, may be accompanied by the production of considerable dust unless water is judiciously used.In South Africa·dust particles under 5 microns size are regarded as dangerous, becailse they are so small as to be invisible to the naked eye, and wm esc'ape the protections set up by nature in the nose and throat, and thus may be inhaled in large quantity. A micron is 1 25000th part of an inch. This paper contains an account of the work done on the Broken Hill South mine chiefly, though some tests were done on other local mines.An acknowledgment is due to Mr. T. A. Reid, of the Broken Hill South mine, who conducted some of the tests herein mentioned, and under whose supervision most dust counts were made. Numerous dust samples have been taken by means of thekonimeter, an instrument designed by Dr. Kotze, the Government mining engineer of the Union of South Africa, and fully described...

Jan 1, 1921

By Robert G. Lundquist

REAM (for Rapid Excavation And Mining) is a method of rock fragmentation by high-velocity projectile impact developed by Physics International Company. This paper reports the results of field testing over the last two years. The success of the method is based on the fact that the amount of rock broken per shot scales nonlinearly with projectile impact energy. Thus, high energy impact yields spectacularly low specific energies for rock breakage. The field work reported used 90- and 105-mm military guns to accelerate 8-1/2 and 10-pound concrete and steel projectiles to velocities of 5000 to 5500 fps. All tests were performed in a competent 25,000 psi granodiorite at Hope Valley, California. During the first year of field testing 26 feet of 13-foot-diameter tunnel were produced with the 105-mm gun. The first 20 feet of this tunnel were line-drilled to aid in producing a stable portal. During the second year the tunnel was extended an additional 29 feet using the 90-mm gun. The 55-foot tunnel was produced by 590 shots. Between 1-1/4 and 1-1/2 tons of granite were broken by each shot. A silenced 90-mm gun was placed underground and the tunnel portal closed with a steel barrier. Overpressures of less than 1 psi were measured on the inside of the barrier, corresponding to an impulse noise of about 170 db. The muck produced was similar to drill and blast muck. Overbreak and ground support problems appeared to be less than with drill and blast. The contour of the tunnel was easily controlled using the 90-mm gun; the tests were also conducted using a 57-mm gun for trimming. Projections indicate that advance rates with REAM will be three to seven times faster than drill and blast, at less than two-thirds the cost. This is based on the development of a fully integrated continuous system and an inexpensive propellant giving a total expendables cost of less than $3 per shot. Other applications of the REAM technology are found in secondary breakage for open pit mining, in drilling large diameter holes, and in underground mining for longwall mining, overhand stoping, and raising.

Jan 1, 1974

The Secretary : The work of Mr. A. E. Outerbridge, Jr., of Philadelphia, first made known in his paper on " The Mobility of Molecules of Cast-Iron," read at the Pittsburgh Meeting of the Institute, in February, 1896, has been reviewed by the Committee on Science and the Arts of the Franklin Institute, whose report, dated May 5, 1897, is accompanied with a table of tests made by the Committee, and amply confirming the statements of Mr. Outerbridge. Concerning the originality and novelty of his investigation, the Committee says: " The fact that a certain molecular change takes place in cast-iron in the course of time has been known and recognized by many persons for a long time, and that this change tends to relieve the internal strains and render the casting tougher has often been noticed and acted on, although in a very crude way; but, so far as the sub-committee has been able to learn, Mr. Outerbridge has been the first to make a careful study of this, and to note that the change may be hastened by impact, and the whole effect produced in a short time, and also to make a scientific study of the phenomenon. We believe great credit is due him for the initial observation and the careful work dependent thereon. The results were first given to the public in a paper read before the American Institute of Mining Engineers, on February 20, 1896. This aroused a wide-spread interest and discussion among users of cast-iron, and so far as the sub-committee has been able to determine, it has not been shown that anyone, either in this country or abroad, has antedated Mr. Outerbridge in his work in this line. The Franklin Institute therefore recommends the award to him of the John Scott Legacy Premium and Medal." This report has not been published, hut I have had the opportunity to read it in manuscript. The table of testa accompanying it comprises 91 tests of " rumbled" and an equal number of " not rumbled" companion-bars of cast-iron, 26 by 2 by

Jan 1, 1898

By J. Starwood

Post-super-cycle mining executives must exploit every aspect of the value chain to deliver continued value to stakeholders. Integrating enterprise-wide information technology with value-chain-wide operational technology, known as IT-OT integration, is essential to extracting optimal results from the value chain. Mining companies trail other industries with respect to IT-OT integration across the value chain. Manual data consolidation and value chain optimization using spreadsheets and human intelligence are widespread practices within the industry. Increasing automation with smart devices and controllers means the volume and velocity of data will soon increase beyond human abilities. Enterprise Architecture provides a method for aligning information technology with the business operating model to successfully implement IT-OT integration. A Value Realization Framework (VRF) provides a means for predictable traceable value realization from IT investments and assets. With these principles, frameworks, models, methods, and techniques, mining organizations can accomplish IT-OT integration that provides their executives with a strategic value-chain-aligned platform for sustained value realization over the long term.

Feb 23, 2014

By Victor L. Stevens

The Oso tunnel is one of three tunnels located on the San Juan-Chama Project in south-central Colorado. The purpose of the tunnel is to carry water from the upper San Juan watershed through the Continental Divide into the Rio Grande watershed. The Oso tunnel contract was awarded by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to a joint venture of Boyles Brothers Drilling Co., Gibbons & Reed Co., and Cimco in February 1966. The Oso tunnel is 26,660 ft long and has a rock section of 10 ft, 2 in. with a lined diameter of 8 ft circular. The main portion of the rock formation was in the Lewis shale. This formation is quite consistent in hardness and texture with exception of localized limestone concretions and sandy siltstone inclusions. The job was bid on the basis of using a James S. Robbins mole of the P221 series. The decision for using a mole was predicated on the geology and the experience of the same joint venture on the adjoining Azotea tunnel where a mole was successfully used. The Robbins P221 series mole is capable of cutting from 9 ft, 11 in. to a 10 ft, 7 in. diam without any major change. It is 40 ft long and weighs 60 tons. The cutting head has 22 disk-type cutters and one center pilot (standard 9 7/8 -in.) tricone bit. The head is powered by four 75 hp electric motors. Gripper pads at about the midway point on each side of the machine are pushed into the tunnel ribs and thrust-cylinders in front of each gripper apply pressure to the face as the head rotates. The regripping cycle is 3 ft and then the grippers are retracted and advanced. Each cutter on the perimeter of the head is followed by a bucket which scoops up the cut material, almost in the same manner as a water wheel, and dumps it into a conveyor situated along the top of the mole. The muck from the mole conveyor is dumped into a gantry-type conveyor. The gantry conveyor is 350 ft long and is pulled

Jan 1, 1970

The Annual General Meeting of the Branch was held in the Witbank Golf Club on Thursday, 28th August, 1969 at 5.00 p.m. Mr C. G. Sowry (Chairman) was in the Chair. There were also present: Ten Members: Messrs J. Meintjes (Vice-Chairman), J. E. van Aswegen, A. C. Hofmeyr, I. Botha, B. F. v. d. Merwe, C. H. Coxon, R. Canny, R. C. J. Goode, A. Bain, G. E. Carlyon. Six Associate Members: Messrs B. T. Hosking, R. E. Powell, W. Weber, T. Bulloch, E. J. Jackson, P. J. Muller. Fourteen Visitors. Total Present: 31. The Chairman declared the meeting open and extended a welcome to all visitors including Mr R. C. J. Goode, President of the Institute. MINUTES OF PREVIOUS GENERAL MEETING The Minutes of the General Meeting held on the 26th June, 1969, were read and adopted. CHAIRMAN'S REPORT The Chairman presented a report outlining the activities of the Branch during the past year. Membership of the local Branch had increased from 80 to 99 during the year. DECLARATIONOF OFFICEBEARERS The Chairman announced that owing to his transfer out of the Witbank area, he was unable to accept the nomination as Chairman for a further year of office. The outgoing committee had elected Mr J. Meintjes Chairman and Mr A. Bain Vice-Chairman for the ensuing year. Mr J. Meintjes then took the chair. Mr J. Meintjes thanked Mr C. G. Sowry for his successful steering of the Branch during its period of inauguration. ELECTION OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS The Chairman then read the Scrutineers' Report and declared the following eight members elected as Committee Members for the 1969-1970 year: Messrs I. Botha, A. W. Brereton, G. E. Carlyon, B. T. Hosking, E. J. Jackson, B. D. McNeice, P. J. Muller, B. F. van der Merwe. TALK The Chairman then called upon Mr A. Bain to present his talk and film show on 'Impressions of the mining and metallurgy congress tour to Australasia'. CLOSURE After thanking the speaker for an interesting talk, the Chairman declared the Meeting closed at 8.40 p.m.

By G Capes, L Morizzi, N Mitkas, E Jones, D Grant

This paper describes the mining setting for the sub-level open stoping (SLOS) mining method used at Olympic Dam (OD), and investigates the range of stope performance conditions encountered over 30 years of production, using a qualitative description of the factors influencing performance. Utilising a continuous improvement tool, the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) process, and a forward-looking rock mechanics program, the intent is to identify the key factors driving productivity and performance to create a stable and achievable long term mine plan.

Mar 15, 2021

Lieut. Maxwell E. Erdory, now with the Army of Occupation in France, writes as follows: "The 602d Engrs., many of whose officers are members of the Institute, started its active service in France at Avocourt, where we built a road across `No Man's Land.' This road from Avocourt to Montfaucon started us on a career of road building which lasted from Sept. 26 to Nov. 9. The engineer in war has no working hours. Our first job meant 50 hr. continuous work, a layoff of 4 hr. and 18 hr. more. That was our initiation in this war game. "Back in the States we practised building trenches, dugouts, and underground shelters of all sorts. In France we were unfortunate enough to come upon the scene when the so-called open warfare started. That made all the above unnecessary. Roads was the cry and our job was to see that all the artillery got their roads and got over them. "I might mention here that the roads of France, which were in excellent condition except for numerous shell holes, w re one of the leading factors in the rapid termination of the war. "We built a narrow-gage railroad from Romagne to Landre St. George which cost us a few men. At Stenay we did our first bridge building. We built nine bridges across the Meuse, capable of carrying tanks, in 18 hr. The next day the American army crossed these bridges on their way to Virton, Belgium, and the Rhine. " Our course from Virton, Belgium, took us through Longwy, Musson, and Athus, in which towns I inspected the steel plants. In Musson as well as Longwy the Germans had destroyed most of the blast furnaces. This destruction began in August, 1917. In Athus the furnaces were in good condition, the Germans having removed all motors land electrical apparatus, rendering the plant inoperative. I have taken several photos of interest of these plants. "It is but fitting that I say that the engineer in this war has contributed much toward its success but the "Doughboy" is its hero and we engineers one and all say "All hail the Doughboy."

Jan 2, 1919

By Yasutaka Izumi, Tuneyoshi Funasaki, Keizou Miki, Makoto Kanai

INTRODUCTION The Tokyo metropolitan region, inclusive of the three neighboring prefectures (Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama), has the highest concentration of population and industry in Japan; with an area of 13,500 km2 or only 3.6 percent of the national land, but a population of 31.8 million or 26 percent of the national total, and a Gross Regional Product (GRP) of146 trillion yen (US$1.33 trillion) or 36 percent of the overall GDP of Japan as of 1990. Tokyo Bay, embraced by the metropolitan region as shown in Figure 1 (a), (b), is open to the Pacific Ocean as a marine gateway and is ringed by large cities and coastal industrial zones together with port facilities, all constituting a concentration of prime importance for socio-economic activities. The Trans-Tokyo Bay Highway (TTB highway), which crosses Tokyo Bay and provides a direct transportation link between the west and east sides of the bay, has long been a sort of “dream-come-true” project in Japan. As shown in Figure 2, linked to the Tokyo Bay Shore Highway, Metropolitan Inter-city Expressway, Tokyo Outer Ring Road, Tateyama Express-way, and others, it will play an important role as an integral part of the regional highway network to help promote spatial redistribution and multi polarization of urban functions, thus strengthening cooperation between cities and restructuring the metropolitan region. The TTB Highway is a project of 15.1 km in length designed as a toll highway to cross the bay by tunnel and bridge, and will require ten years to complete at a total cost of more than 1,438 billion yen (US$13.077 billion). Following more than 20 years of feasibility and environmental assessment studies, construction of this giant offshore highway project commenced in May 1989 as the first large-scale highway project with private-sector participation under the prevailing Road Law in Japan, and is now steadily proceeding toward the goal of completion in fiscal1997. This report outlines the entire TTB Highway project, including the waterproofing measures against high water pressure and the rapid construction method applied in the construction of shield tunnel sections.

Jan 1, 1997

By W. O. Vanderburg

This paper describing the methods of concentrating tungsten pros at the mills of the Atolia Mining Co. is one of a series of similar papers being prepared by the United States Bureau of Mines. The writer acknowledges the assistance and cooperation of A. V. Udell, president, Louis Warnken, bookkeeper, and C. K. Dennis, superintendent, of the Atolia Mining Co. in the preparation of this paper.

Jan 1, 1931

By P. T. Brooks

The selective recovery of nickel and cobalt from impure raw materials is being investigated by the Bureau of Mines as part of a program to develop improved procedures for preparation of pure metals. A combination solvent extraction-electrolytic process has been developed in the laboratory that enables preparation of high-quality nickel and cobalt from nickel oxide containing, in percent, 76 nickel, 0.8 cobalt, 0.5 magnesium, 0.2 iron, and lesser quantities of copper, zinc, and other metals. The oxide was smelted, using carbon as reductant, and cast into anodes. These anodes subsequently were dissolved in diaphragm-type electrolytic cells. Nickel and cobalt were deposited separately from appropriate electrolytes, concurrent with dissolution of the impure anodes. Anolyte containing nickel and cobalt in the form of chlorides and sulfates was treated for removal of impurities and separation of nickel and cobalt. First, iron and aluminum were removed as hydroxides by adding nickel hydroxide to raise the pH of the anolyte from 2.3 to 4.5. Next, the pH was adjusted to 2 by adding hydrochloric acid, and the solution was treated by solvent extraction to separate nickel and cobalt.

Jan 1, 1963