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By F. Vagnon, A. M. Ferrero, M. Pirulli, A. Segalini

"The topic of this study is the design of flexible fences to mitigate the risk due to debris flow phenomena by means of theoretical and experimental studies analysed in framework of the Rock Engineering System (RES).The study of the interaction between debris flows and flexible barriers is a major challenge since many different aspects concerning both the slope characteristics and the structure features are involved. Debris flows are often triggered by the mobilization of debris deposits that are generated by rock fall of adjacent rock walls. The rock debris deposits are difficult to be characterized by the physical and mechanical point of view due to their large variability in volume distribution and, moreover, when dealing with high mountains environment, they are also strongly affected by the presence of water at different phases (solid or liquid) depending on the temperature. The debris deposit turns unstable in relation with the geotechnical and environmental features of the areas and the instability evolution in high mountain steep valley is often a debris flow. Debris flow destructive potential is very high and protections are often needed to reduce the debris flow risk.This complexity determines the needs of comprehensive study able to include the global basin dynamic and the environmental conditions. An a-priori analysis of the influence of the different aspects can be useful to focus on the real driving aspects of the problem. Due to the complexity of the system the application of the RES methodology is recommended in order to clearly define the different assumptions needed, their influence on the simulations and a comparison among them.RES allows investigating triggering criteria, flow and depositional processes and interaction of flows with protection fences in a rational way. For this purpose, an interaction matrix is created: it summarizes the key geotechnical parameters that influence debris flows, their interactions and debris/engineering protection opera behaviour. The goal is to quantify the diagonal-off terms to assess the residual risk after barrier construction, using back analysis from real debris flow event and data collection from literature.This methodology is applied to analyze a debris flow event in the Italian Western Alps where numerical analyses are carried on to assess flow characteristics to be used for fence design through the application of an analytical and numerical model developed by the authors (Brighenti et al, 2013). In particular, the velocity and deposition heights have been estimated using the numerical code RASH3D (Pirulli, 2010), which is a single-phase model based on depth-averaged Saint Venant equations. Pathways of different lengths are studied to assess the input data necessary to design the protection barrier and to determine the associated risk. Simulation of the barrier at different places along the valley will also allow to determine optimal barrier location in terms of minimum residual risks by comparing the velocity, the volume and the energy of the debris after the barrier impact.The work will produce a possible design scheme to be adopted in this environment."

Jan 1, 2015

By J. Nalaskowski

A study of the interfacial properties of the basal plane and the edge surfaces of talc is described in this paper. The isoelectric point measured at the two different crystallographic planes by the streaming potential method was found to be similar and exists at about pH 3.0. In the case of the edge surface the zeta potential increases at higher pH values which can be attributed to the hydration of magnesium ions at the edge surface. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) colloidal probe technique was used to measure interaction forces. For such experiments a 20 um talc particle was attached to the AFM cantilever and forces between the edge of the talc particle and two different crystallographic planes of talc were measured at various pH values. These measurements, while being qualitative due to the poorly characterized contact area, show differences between the properties of the base plane and edge of the talc and correspond to the results from streaming potential measurements. Finally, the differences in the hydration of the basal plane and the edge of talc are revealed from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The basal plane of the talc is much less hydrated than the edge, as can be seen from the water density distribution functions, which correlate quite well with the contact angle measurements at the basal plane surface and the edge surface of the talc sample.

Jan 1, 2006

By M. J. Sapko, R. W. Watson, E. S. Weiss

The relative incerdivity of several blasting agents was evaluated in the Bureau's Bruceton Experimental Mine (BEM) . The minimum charge weights resulting in the ignition of predispersed oil shale dust clouds were measured for each of the explosives. A 400 g unstennned charge of ANFO (ammonium nitrate-fuel oil) was sufficient to initiate an oil shale dust explosion, whereas a 1000 g unstenuned charge of an emulsion blend did not ignite the dust even with the addition of 4% methane gas. Several stenuning materials were evaluated in the BEM for their effectiveness in preventing the ignition of near stoichiometric methane-air mixtures. Water stenuning was superior to all other inhibitors tested against methane. Explosibility testing of fine sulfide ore dust in a 20 L chamber and in the BEM show that the dust is capable of propagating an explosion given nominal concentrations of 700 to 800 g/m3. Results are encouraging and irrlicate that there is merit in pursuing explosive composition as a means of reducing ignition probability of oil shale and sulfide dust clouds generated during nonnal blasting operations. The proper selection of explosives and stenuning materials should significantly reduce the probability of secondacy dust explosions in oil shale and sulfide ore mining.

May 11, 1988

By Brian G. Pewsey

Located in the northern part of the Province of British Columbia, the Cassiar Mine started development of its asbestos orebody in 1952, and is currently producing 105.000 tons of asbestos fibre annually. The townsite is nestled in a beautiful valley and supplies more than average facilities. The fibre is shipped to more than 40 countries and is used in many industrial products.

Jan 1, 1978

By Nn Li

Energy consumption in commercial buildings has been increasing rapidly in the past decade. The knowledge of future energy consumption can bring significant value to commercial building energy management. For example, prediction of energy consumption decomposition helps analyze the energy consumption patterns and efficiencies as well as waste, and identify the prime targets for energy conservation. Moreover, prediction of temporal energy consumption enables building managers to plan out the energy usage over time, shift energy usage to off-peak periods, and make more effective energy purchase plans. This paper proposes a novel model for predicting heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) energy consumption in commercial buildings. The model simulates energy behaviors of HVAC systems in commercial buildings, and interacts with a multiagent systems (MAS) based framework for energy consumption prediction. Prediction is done on a daily, weekly and monthly basis. Ground truth energy consumption data is collected from a test bed office building over 267 consecutive days, and is compared to predicted energy consumption for the same period. Results show that the prediction can match 92.6 to 98.2% of total HVAC energy consumption with coefficient of variation of the root mean square error (CV-RMSE) values of 7.8 to 22.2%. Ventilation energy consumption can be predicted at high accuracies (over 99%) and low variations (CV-RMSE values of 3.1 to 16.3%), while cooling energy consumption accounts for majority of inaccuracies and variations in total energy consumption prediction.

Aug 1, 2013

By Scott A. Trebilcock

Nautilus Minerals Inc the world?s leader in exploration and development of deep ocean mineral resources is today focused on the recovery of high grade copper-gold from in seafloor massive sulphide mineralization. These mineralized belts, analogous to land based volcanogenic massive sulphides (VMS) deposits are located near tectonic plate boundaries of the Western Pacific and around the world. Nautilus; first development project is Solwara 1 located in benign waters in Papua New Guinea. Since 2006 the company has completed detailed environmental and geological studies at Solwara 1, culminating in a number of world firsts, including the first Environmental Permit for a deep ocean mineral project and the first NI 43-101 compliant seafloor massive sulphide resource statement. Nautilus has relied heavily on proven deepwater technologies from the oil and gas industry in the design of the first mineral extraction system. Pipeline trenching units, workclass ROVs, deepwater production risers and drill cutting removal systems will all be adapted at Solwara 1. Key contractors to the project have all been selected for their deepwater experience, creativity and determination to launch this new industry. Innovation is at the forefront of Nautilus? success to date. This paper gives an overview of the Solwara 1 development and describes the exploration and production technologies adapted for seafloor mineral extraction.

May 1, 2010

By Zhenyu Han, Dion Weatherley, Ruslan Puscasu

"This study aims to demonstrate the capacity of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to model and simulate fracture in brittle rock, capture the crack propagation process and determine crack propagation rates for various levels of external loading. In the numerical experiments reported here, a macroscopically homogeneous body of brittle rock, containing a single pre-existing crack, was subjected to tensile stress loading. Simulations concerned with model I crack growth process in 3D were carried out. The process of fracture has been observed under various steady state and dynamic conditions. The numerical results obtained reproduce qualitatively and quantitatively a variety of observed fracture phenomena. Specifically, this study examined the onset of cracks, single dominant cracks that grow across the specimen, crack bifurcations and branching. The density of fractures that can be nucleated and grow to a significant size with and without arresting each other, crack growth speed and stress distribution, all have been consistently and systematically analyzed. Suggestions on potential future developments are made and discussed.INTRODUCTIONFracture and failure mechanics are very important in mining, manufacturing, materials processing, mineral processing, civil and mechanical engineering, and many other disciplines of science and engineering. Yet, due to the complexity of fracture phenomena, no theoretical models of broad applicability are currently available (Bieniawski 1967). The simulation of crack propagation is therefore considered an open question in numerical rock mechanics. Although, a significant body of experimental research on fracture of materials was carried out since the early days of fracture mechanics (circa 1940s) (Poncelet 1946, Mott 1948), often in parallel with the development of fracture mechanics theories as well as with the development of experimental and observational techniques themselves, the experimental results were often done on particular classes of material such as glasses and other very brittle materials. Indeed, a number of specific experimental observations on the behavior of growing cracks in brittle materials were made in the 1940s for which generally accepted explanations based on physical principles are still lacking. Likewise, quantitative numerical modeling, based on both continuum and discrete methods, as a basis for understanding dynamic crack growth is still in a preliminary stage."

Jan 1, 2015

By M. N. Vu, G. Armand, A. Noiret, D. Seyedi

Extensive experimental observations have been performed around drifts and shafts at the Meuse Haute-Marne (North-Eastern France) Underground Research Laboratory (URL) to assess the extent and pattern of the induced fracture networks in Callovo-Oxfordian claystone. Two types of fractures can be distinguished, namely; shear (mode II) and extension unloading (mode I) fractures. The main goal of the present paper is to provide insights on the extent of damaged zone around the drifts by numerical simulations. A two-step approach is considered. First, 2D elastic calculations are performed for simulating the excavation of a drift following the direction of the major in situ horizontal stress. The evolution of the stress and strain tensors around drifts are calculated by applying an elliptic convergence function on the drift wall. Two failure criteria are then verified for the induced damage. An equivalent strain and an elastic energy based damage criteria are considered. The obtained results show that the employed simplified approach provides rather good results for the extent of the damaged zone for drifts parallel to major horizontal stress. However, post-processing elastic results leads to overestimating the vertical extent of the damage zone and underestimating its lateral extent, where the in situ stress state is quasi-isotropic in a section of drift. Nevertheless, the obtained results show that an energy based damage criterion could be considered as a potential way for reproducing the extent of the damaged zones if a convergence function can be defined for the drift.

Jan 1, 2015

By Andrew J. Troop

"VAUGHAN THOMPSON designed the Thompson retrievable diamond drill wedge and reaming assembly in 1948. Since 1950, the Hudson Bay Exploration and Development Company, Limited has used the method extensively. The wedge, setting tool, and reamer have been modified slightly since they were first introduced. In 1951, Mr. Thompson designed the Thompson arc cutter. The purpose of this tool is to decrease effectively the diameter of the arc cut, using standard drilling tools. This directional drilling device is usually employed when a branch hole is desired. The Thompson arc cutter has been used with success at Birch Lake, Saskatchewan, at the property of Cuprus Mines, Limited, Manitoba, and at Thompson Lake, Manitoba.UsesThe Thompson retrievable wedge provides a simple method for:(1) Re-drilling lost core sections(2) Re-sampling sections of old holes(3) By-passing lost tools Correcting the direction of a hole(4) Drilling a branch hole to obtain intersections at a higher elevation than the original holePrevious to the spring of 1951, the wedge was used only for the first four of these purposes. Recently it has been employed extensively for drilling branch holes."

Jan 1, 1953

By S. Orangi

A representative sample of ramming paste from a peripheral seam in an aluminium electrolysis cell was taken in order to develop a process to fabricate ramming paste samples in the laboratory. To this end, paste material was compacted in multilayers in a mould designed to be representative of peripheral seams in Alcoa's smelters. The density distribution in the representative sample was measured ranging from 1.51-1.76 g/cm3. The density range obtained by the proposed methodology in laboratory is 1.47-1.77 g/cm3. The results demonstrate that the proposed fabrication method adequately duplicates paste density from the cell for both one and two layer compaction. Finally, preliminary results related to the compressive strength and Young's modulus of laboratory samples were obtained at various temperatures and are presented in this paper.

Jan 1, 2011

By N. Shi, T. G. Joseph

ABSTRACTA series of algorithms were developed to perform geometric and kinematic analyses of cable shovel dipper-ground interactions for a given set of mining face conditions. The routines examine and analyze (a) the position of the dipper in relation to the shovel; (b) the dipper in relation to the face conditions; (c) the dipper position in relation to possible interference or collision with crawler tracks during digging cycles; and (d) kinematic and geometric considerations with respect to any point on the dip-per as it conducts a duty cycle. In all cases, field measurement verifcation provided good agreement(within 4% variance).

Jan 1, 2011

By S. S. Al-Thyabat, A. M. Ghrair

"Printed circuit board (PCB) is the main part of any electric or electronic device, providing mechanical support and electric connection for the board eclectic components such as capacitors, resistors, diodes etc. PCB consists of non-conductive substrate overlaid with one or more layers of copper sheets. They also contain appreciable amounts of base metals (copper, nickel, tine, and aluminum) and precious metals (gold, silver, and rare earth elements (REE)) which end up in the landfill at the PCB end-of-life.PCB recycling E-waste in general is a profitable business; many valuable raw materials, precious and base metals, can be extracted with high purity. Approximately, one metric tonne of PCBs may contain 80-1500 g of gold and 160–210 kg of copper. The precious metals recovered from PCBs occur at concentrations higher than commercially mined minerals. Also PCB recycling is very important to our environment since many heavy metals (e.g. lead) may be leached from the landfills to the underground reservoirs. In Jordan, however, the work conducted on E-waste and PCB recycling in particular is limited; currently most of the E-waste is either exported or dumped in the landfill.In this work, a combination of physical (magnetic separation), physicochemical (flotation), and chemical methods (leaching) were used to compare metals concentrations in leach liquors produced from a concentrates resulted from a combination of these methods. It was found the leach liquor of the magnetic fraction of the PCB coarse size gave the highest concentration of Fe, Al, and Ni while concentration of Cu was higher in leach liquor of nonmagnetic sink fraction. On the other hand, metals concentration almost similar for both sink and float of the fine size fractions, indicating even distribution of metals concentrations in the fine size fractions."

Jan 1, 2016

By R. R. Song, Q. Li, H. Xing, X. C. Wei

Geomechanical modelling of fault stability is an important part of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) research program to ensure its viability and long-term safety. Storage of CO2 in deep subsurface reservoirs requires estimates of sustainable fluid pressures that will not induce fracturing or fault reactivation which could cause fault slip. More importantly, fault slip gives rise to seismic waves, which inflict severe damage to the cap rock of the reservoirs and may result in leakage pathways for the buoyant plume and thus compromise the integrity of seal formations. In this study, we generated a numerical model tuned towards conditions usually encountered in the Shenhua CCS demonstration project in Ordos basin. In particular, with the purpose of evaluating the sensitivity of the parameters as well as their relationships with the moment magnitude of the seismicity, a variance-based sensitivity analysis was adopted for importance ranking of the uncertain input parameters of the given model. However, such flow models could involve one or several spatial inputs, for instance, fault dip, distance between fault and the injection well, friction angle of fault, permeability of fault, Young's Modulus of fault, injecting pore pressure and the stress field. Studying the sensitivity to each of these spatial inputs motivated the present work. The results led to the following conclusions: fault depth and fault dip significantly affect the behavior of the fault and the fault slip becomes violent with the fault depth increasing and fault dip decreasing. Furthermore, the results indicate that slip time increases with the fault dip decreasing and decreases with permeability of fault increasing. In addition, the calculation of seismic moment and moment magnitude of an earthquake demonstrates that it rises significantly with the decrease of fault dip and the increase of fault depth, and it decreases with the rising stress field. The results show that variations of the only controllable parameter injection pressure do not show great influence to the fault behavior compared with other geological factors, which imply site selection is extremely important for the CCS projects.

Jan 1, 2015

By John Postle, Maureen Jensen, Marcel Vallee, Bernie Haystead, Dan Hora, Graham Clow

The Committee's proposed standards establish definitions and guidelines for the reporting of Exploration Information, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves in Canada and are identified as the "CIM Standards" and referred to as such hereafter in this document. To provide additional clarification to Qualified Persons (QPs), guidelines have been included with the respective definitions. The CIM Standards are applicable to all minerals including industrial minerals, diamonds and other gemstones. Reserve definitions for bitumen, natural gas and oil are not included in these Standards. The CIM Standards are not intended to cover mineral inventory estimates that will be reported to government agencies.

Jan 1, 2001

By P. Coursol

The Noranda Reactor Process (NRP) has been in operation now for more than 30 years and this mature process has attained a high level of performance. The NRP at the Home Smelter of Xstrata Copper treats a wide range of feed materials and a thorough knowledge of both process control and smelting physico-chemistry has been beneficial to help meet the required plant flexibility. In this regard, some level of predictive knowledge related to slag chemistry, in particular, the liquid and solid phases such as spinels or olivines, has been found to be beneficial. In the last decade or so, the availability of commercial thermodynamic modeling packages, such as Factsage1m have been utilized with advantage to help the plant optimize slag chemistry and minimize problems from difficult slags, for example, those the could arise from undue feed variability. This paper illustrates the application of this software in examining a range of operating parameters such as: %Fe in product matte, the %Fe/%Si02 ratio in the slag, the levels of minor slag components including CaO, Ah03, ZnO, and MgO, and the level of oxygen enrichment on the operating conditions of the NRP. The slag composition boundaries at the conditions affecting magnetite control and solid magnetite/other precipitated solid phases, as well the conditions influencing the slag liquidus ranges of NRP slags are also discussed with respect to the overall process chemistry.

Jan 1, 2007

By Simon B. Blancher, Malo Rousseau, Renato Contessotto, Thomas Wallmach

The Manganese division of the ERAMET group extracts manganese ore in Gabon and produces manganese alloys for the steel industry. ERAMET has an economic interest to maximize the ore throughput without reducing the lifetime of its manganese mines. This can be achieved by means of research and development leading to innovative ore beneficiation processes. For this purpose, the ERAMET research center has designed and constructed a new pilot plant for ore beneficiation by physical separation processes. This pilot facility was erected within an infrastructural and synergetic framework, including competencies in hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, numerical modelling, analyses and mineral characterization that provide ideal research conditions. After laboratory scale tests, a pilot operation of beneficiation of low grade Mn ore (around 35% Mn) was carried out by jigging of the 1-10 mm fraction. This gravity separation process exploits density differences between the various Mn-bearing minerals such as pyrolusite and lithiophorite as well as gangue minerals such as silicates and iron-hydroxides. Enrichment leads to the production of a marketable product associated with a high mass recovery (53% for the jigging step). However, 20% of pyrolusite and 30% of lithiophorite are lost in the waste. Mineral characterization has shown microtextural complexities, but grinding the ore to approach the liberation mesh was not an option due to commercially defined constraints given by the ferro-alloy industry. Recovery of the Mn-bearing minerals or adjustments of the feed grain size (6.3-10 mm) are two potential areas of process improvements identified by means of Qemscan® mineral characterization. This paper details the process tested on a pilot scale (0.5 t/h), which has led to a significant increase in the beneficiation of a low grade Mn ore.

Jan 1, 2016

By T. Crivits

"Phase equilibria in the ‘Cu2O’-‘Fe2O3’-SiO2 system, the base slag system in copper production, were recently determined. However, the addition of MgO, commonly present in the slag, drastically changes the phase equilibria in this system. The present study focuses on the phase equilibria in the ‘Cu2O’-‘Fe2O3’-MgO-SiO2 system in equilibrium with metallic copper.Recently, an experimental procedure has been developed that resolved a number of experimental difficulties. This procedure has been successfully applied to characterise several complex industrial copper slags. It includes a high-temperature equilibration followed by rapid quenching and electron probe X-ray micro-analysis (EPMA). The methodology was adapted to the present system and used to determine the liquidus at SiO2 saturation and in contact with high-MgO phases in between 1100 and 1250 °C in Cu2Orich slags.The results indicate a maximum solubility of MgO in the system at 1200 °C of 5 wt%. The boundary line between tridymite and spinel lies 3-4 wt% closer to the SiO2 apex for every 2 wt% MgO added. These new data on the high-copper slags are important for optimisation of the direct-to blister"

Jan 1, 2014

By A. C. Hnatyshyn

INTRODUCTION THOSE concerned with coal mining operations in Alberta have been asked repeatedly the same question, "Why is mechanization in Alberta proceeding so slowly as to lag far behind the mines in the United States?" This question is often asked in such a manner as to indicate that a severe reprimand is overdue to the mining engineers of this Province for their apparent indifference to the problem of improving their mining operations by increased mechanization. To the average person, unacquainted with mining conditions and problems, mechanization appears to be simply a matter of introducing equipment to load coal underground and, once this is done, substantial economies in operating costs will automatically follow. Invariably, those who have followed this simple reasoning have found, to their regret, that such is not the case and that effective mechanization involves something more than the mere process of introducing loading equipment into a mine. To be effective, any programme of mechanization must take into consideration all operations incidental to the mining, transportation, and handling of the coal from the working face to the tipple, and must utilize equipment which can be best adapted to any peculiar condition or circumstance prevailing in the mine concerned. In the use of such equipment, the net and final result should be an improvement in operating costs of sufficient magnitude to at least return to the operator, over a specific period of years or during the expected life of that equipment, all his investment plus a fair return on that investment.

Jan 1, 1951

The dynamic breakage process of rocks by the impact of a hydraulic hammer is more complex than one normally assumes. It is even more difficult when one has to conduct the breakage under water. In such cases one does not know exactly what the surface topography and composition are at the bottom of the sea or river and, hence, it is more difficult to select the best position of the hammer before starting the hammering. Typically, an industrial hammer has a diameter of about 250 mm, a length of about 1.25 to 1.75 m and a mass of several tons. The hammer frequency can be up to 50 impacts per minute. The general principles of rock hammering can be easily summarized, but this knowledge is not sufficient to adapt adequately the method for less common rock conditions (e.g. less brittle rock, presence of vertical and subvertical fractures, etc.). That is the reason why we initiated a research project, whereby a scale model has been developed to conduct experiments in the laboratory and whereby discrete element simulations are being conducted. Both aim at a better understanding of the basic mechanisms of rock hammering. The scaled experimental model allows varying the impact energy and the static weight independently. Within the experiment, the hammer is in contact with the rock specimen under a certain confining pressure and with a certain contact pressure due to the static weight. A weight falls on the hammer, creating the dynamic action or impact; the height over which the weight falls can be varied. The penetration is recorded after each impact. After a certain penetration the test is stopped and the internal crack patterns are described. Some simulations have been conducted, allowing the modeling of individual fracture initiation and growth during the penetration of the hammer by either a constant displacement rate (using the UDEC-code) or by introducing the dynamic process (using the PFC-code). Some of the observed features in the laboratory experiments can be visualized in the simulations. However, further research is needed to allow the simulations being an adequate tool to well understand the dynamic process in laboratory experiments, as well as the in-situ behavior.

Aug 1, 2013

By Ma Yuxin, Niu Fusheng, Yuan Zhitao, Bai Limei, Han Yuexin

"Using batch flotation experiment, contact angle measurement, particle size analysis, and scanning electron microscope (SEM), the influence and difference of pH value on the flotation rate of talc and chalcopyrite were investigate without collector at the pH range of 3~11. The results showed that, the flotation rate of talc decrease with the increasing of flotation time, while that of chalcopyrite hardly affect by flotation time, besides, the flotation rate of chalcopyrite is much less than that of talc, so the laws of flotation rate of the two minerals are independent of pH value. The flotation test data of two minerals are simulated with first order and multi-rate flotation kinetic model respectively. The simulation results showed that flotation of talc only meet the first order kinetic model, while chalcopyrite’s meet the both. In addition, According to test results of talc and chalcopyrite by the particle size distribution, SEM photographs and the contact angle measurement, the reason why talc did not conform to the first order kinetic model is not because of particle size distribution, but of particle shape. That is to say, because of sheet structure of talc, the contact angle of layers and sections are 74°and 52°respectively. At the same time, the contact angle of layers and sections are different between the particles. So flotation rates between talc particles are difference.INTRODUCTIONPossessing superior self-induced, collector-induced and sulfur-induced floatability, chalcopyrite exhibits good floatability at a wide range of pH values and potentials. Serpentine are regarded as the most difficult selected type in various chalcopyrite ore, and the predominant reason is that it contains talc. Talc, as a nonpolar layered silicate mineral, is one kind of common associated mineral in sulfide ores (Lu, 2010). Concentrate quality and flotation process of chalcopyrite are influenced as a result from the presence of talc. It is because that talc has inherent floatability which makes it readily mixed with the floated mineral and talc is easy to slime causing the slime coating of the valuable mineral (Beattie et al., 2006). Thus in order to improve the flotation effect of chalcopyrite, methods can be introduced from two respects. One method is that fast-floating talc mineral is floated preferentially, and the other is that sulfide mineral is floated prior to talc by depressing the flotation of talc mineral (Beattie et al., 2006), nevertheless, no matter with which the flotation effect of fine-sized chalcopyrite is not positive. Therefore, in order to realize the flotation separation of talc and chalcopyrite, the difference between the inherent floatability of fine-sized chalcopyrite and talc is researched and analyzed in terms of flotation dynamics in the absence of collector and frother."

Jan 1, 2016