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By K. C. Grogan

"GeneralGIANT ORE is complex, with the gold values for the most part occurring in extremely close association with arsenopyrite, stibnite, jamesonite, and a wide group of antimonial minerals locally termed 'the grey minerals'. Pyrite is the most abundant of the sulphide minerals• and minor quantities of chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite also occur. Pyrrhotite has been found in some sections of the mine, but to date none of it has been nickeliferous. Native gold occurs in varying amounts throughout the ore bodies.In 1944, ore dressing investigations were commenced on diamond-drill core rejects and samples of surface outcrop ore. Results soon indicated that treatment to produce satisfactory recovery of the gold values would involve fine grinding to 80-85 per cent minus 200 mesh, recovery of free gold by jigs, followed by flotation, roasting of the flotation concentrate, and subsequent cyanidation of the calcine. Proceeding from this information, the flow-sheet was prepared, plant design worked out, equipment purchased, and construction of the treatment plant commenced in May, 1947.The crushing, grinding, and flotation units of the plant were rushed to completion and commenced operation on May 12th, l.948, at 225 tons of ore per day. This rate was maintained until January 27th, 1949, when the Allis-Chalmers roaster and cyanide plants were completed and commenced operation. During the period May 12th, 1948, to January 27th, 1949, gold recovered by amalgamation was the sole source of revenue. Flotation concentrate was stockpiled pending the completion of the Allis~Chalmers roaster and cyanide plants."

Jan 1, 1953

By Chris Rule

This paper tells the story of the rapid commercial application of stirred milling technology at Anglo American Platinum?s many Concentrators. The first stirred mill ? a 10 000 litre IsaMillTM; the largest at the time, was commissioned in late 2003. The project development work was presented at SAG 2001. This operation was ?proof of concept? and vindicated the decision to scale up the technology; allowing a rapid and extensive roll-out of mainstream regrind mills as well as several further flotation concentrate regrind mills, over the next six years. Currently 23 stirred mills are in operation with 64 MW of installed drive capacity ? this paper describes the projects? roll-out and the significant results achieved to date. Many operational problems have been solved along the way, some of these will be described. The introduction of the technology has seen a step change in metallurgical results and progressively decreasing operating costs.

Jan 1, 2012

By B. S. A. Tatone

The surface roughness of unfilled rock discontinuities has a major influence on the deformational and hydraulic behaviour of discontinuous rock masses. Although it is widely recognized that surface roughness is comprised of a large-scale (waviness) and small-scale (unevenness) components, most investigations of surface roughness have been restricted to small fracture surfaces (< 1m2). Hence, the influences of the large-scale components of roughness are often neglected. Furthermore, these investigations typically focus on analyzing roughness in terms of two-dimensional profiles rather than the complete three-dimensional geometry, which can lead to potentially biased estimates of roughness. This contribution demonstrates the use of a new optical digital measurement system, based on the principle of triangulation, to digitize a large-scale natural rock discontinuity surface at both outcrop-scale (~6m x 2m) and lab-scale (~100mm x 100mm). Subsequently, the digitized surfaces are systematically analyzed using the three-dimensional roughness methodology proposed by Grasselli to investigate the dependency of roughness on sample window size and measurement resolution.

May 1, 2009

By N. Bédard

"This paper highlights Cambior’s initial approach for recruiting and retaining its international employees, the importance of proper preparation and the support needed to ensure a competent and stable workforce.In general, most of the training and information available for human resources personnel prepares the specialist for handling various aspects of labour relations, recruitment and hiring, benefits administration, employee relocation, etc. This is usually done in a Canadian context.Only recently, has more specialized training been developed to prepare human resources practitioners for the complex issues related to expatriate employees and dealing with human resources issues in other countries"

Jan 1, 2004

By E. M. Cameron

Reconnaissance radiometric and geochemical data have been obtained for an area on the western shore of Wollaston Lake that includes the Rabbit Lake uranium deposit. The study area is extensively drift cover ed. The geochemical data were obtained by analysis of center-lake sediments and surface waters for a variety of elements and other constituents. The airborne radiometric data comprise measurements of eU, eTh and K obtained with a .50,000-cc NaI (Tl) detector at a mean terrain clearance of 120 m and 5-km flight-line spacing. Uranium in lake sediments and uranium in waters are the most effective geochemical indicators of uranium mineralization; the other elements measured are not notably anomalous. A sample site density of one per 1 8 km 2 is more than adequate for identification of the mineralized area. Because many water samples contain close to or below the current analytical detection limit of 0.05 ppb U, the use of sediments is generally favoured. for broad-scale reconnaissance in the region. Uranium in these lake sediments appears to be little influenced by variations in the organic or iron and manganese content. The most effective radiometric indicator of the mineralization is the eU/eTh ratio. This parameter is less influenced by environmental variation on the ground beneath the flight line than eU alone . The eTh/K ratio is anomalous under the Athabasca Formation unconformity where, in places, the uranium mineralization is localized.

Jan 1, 1977

ABSTRACT Understanding process histories and worker exposures in nickel production operations is critical in determining the role nickel compounds play in respiratory cancer incidence. As part of a series on Vale Canada’s (previously known as Inco) nickel processing operations, this paper includes descriptions of Ni electrolytic operations at refineries in Port Colborne, Ontario (1922–1984), and Thompson, Manitoba (1961–present). Industrial hygiene measurements, by area and personal sampling, of workplace aerosols at these operations are reported.

Jan 1, 2014

By Jae-Chun Lee, Rajiv Ranjan Srivastava, Min-seuk Kim, Byung-Su Kim

Recycling of spent hydrotreating catalysts (HTC) can potentially contribute towards the sustainable extraction of metal values. Treating such materials by hydrometallurgical methods to separate metals from the leach liquor of either acid/alkali media is a major step. In the present study, separation of molybdenum from HCl leach liquor of spent NiMo type HTC has been investigated by applying solvent extraction using Cyanex-923. For this, the chloride solution containing 973 mg/L Mo, 254 mg/L Ni and 1634 mg/L Al was taken as the aqueous feed. The parameters including contact time, concentration of the extractant, acid and chloride, and phase ratio were varied to investigate their effect on the extraction efficiency. The McCabe-Thiele plot suggests that > 99% Mo-loading using a 2-stage extraction process. From the molybdenum depleted solution, nickel was selectively extracted by Cyanex-301 leaving Al in the raffinate.

Jan 1, 2014

The Beginning ! The status quo simply isn?t sustainable ! Our social license is at risk ! The bar keeps rising ? We must improve our performance, both operational and social ? We must improve stakeholder judgement of our industry by taking action collectively Implementing TSM " TSM Guiding Principles " Performance Indicators " Crisis communications " External Outreach " Tailings management " Energy management " Performance manuals, guides " Reporting " Communities of Interest Advisory Panel

May 1, 2004

By Stephan I. Zajac, Roger A. Blais, John B. Stubbins

THE iron deposits of central Labrador occur within a relatively small area, herein called the Knob Lake Iron Range, in which a northwest-trending series of low hills and ridges defines the height-of-land at the boundary between provinces of Quebec and Newfound-land. Approximately two-thirds of the deposits are in Quebec and the remainder in Labrador, with several deposits straddling the inter-provincial boundary. These deposits are being exploited in open-pit mines by the Iron Ore Company of Canada centered at Schefferville, Quebec. Since 1954 this company has produced more than 56 million tons of iron ore to become Canada's leading iron ore producer. With indicated reserves of more than 375 million tons of direct-shipping ore and large tonnages of iron formation amenable to beneficiation, this mining district is assured of a long life. This paper describes the Knob Lake iron ores and their geological settings and stresses the features that lead to a better understanding of their origin. The

Jan 1, 1961

Agenda ?Trends in Wireless Technology ?Success and Opportunities ?Improving plants efficiency ?Improving plants reliability ?Improving plants safety and security ?Wireless Ecosystem ?Lessons Learnt / Recommendations Why Wireless? ?Lower cost (no wiring cost) ?Flexibility (no wire) ?Standards-compliant wireless devices major factor enabling growth:?Standard WLAN (IEEE 802.11)?Wireless field I/Os (IEEE 802.11, ISA100.11 and WirelessHART) ??Wireless adoption will become a milestone that will rival the introduction of Fieldbus and the distributed control system (DCS) in its importance.? ARC Advisory Group

May 1, 2009

By Charles Camsell

At the last annual meeting of this Institute the programme very properly was drawn up and carried out with the special object of calling attention to the Dominion&apos;s position and problems with regard to fuel supplies. That subject, always one of serious concern, was a source of considerable anxiety twelve months ago. It is still so, but in a decidedly less degree than at that time. So far as the immediate fuel situation is concerned our anxieties have been relieved. And I think we can safely say that such a consciousness of our difficulties and determination to overcome them, has been developed in the minds of our people that there will be no slackening of the offensive until a final solution is reached. In selecting a subject of major importance for the present occasion I have felt free to digress from the pressing problems of last year and to go back, for a starting point, to the presidential address of two years ago .. I do not, however, wish to enter the controversy that has developed as a result of that address, though in spite of my own failure to amass a fortune from participation in certain mining ventures, I am decidedly inclined to the optimistic view that Dr. Corless presented of the future of our mining industry. You will perhaps have observed that in its general wording the title of my paper bears a marked resemblance to that of that address. This simila1ity of titles is not accidental. It is intentional on my part.

Jan 1, 1924

By Paul J. Bourassa

Alin de pourvoir aux besoins d&apos;hébergement des quel¬ques 1600 employes qui travailleront dans toutes les spheres opérationnelles de l&apos;exploitation du gisement du Mont-Wright, ainsi que de leurs families, Quebec Cartier a dû, avec l&apos;aide de conseillers reconnus, et /a participation de ses employes résidant a Gagnon, étudier tour les nouveaux établissements résidentiels nordiques des dernières années tout au Canada qui dans lee pays scandinaves afin d&apos;être en position de coneepter une agglomeration moderne répondant a toes les besoins de see future résidants. Les pre¬miers residants ont pu passer Noel 1972, et maintenant les logements prévus et construits sont °coupes a 92%.

Jan 1, 1977

By R. N. Chakravorty

Early detection of spontaneous combustion is of utmost importance in underground coal mining to prevent major disruptions of production and to ensure a safer working environment. This paper presents the work done in developing a suitable system for the early detection of heating in a hydraulic coal mine. Laboratory studies on the products of oxidation for Balmer 10 seam coal showed that a significant amount of carbon monoxide is produced during the early stages of heating and that detection methods based on the analysis of other gases, such as hydrogen, ethane or ethylene, are not a better alternative for this coal. The four-point carbon monoxide monitoring system recently installed at the hydraulic mine is discussed in this paper. It is believed that by studying the trend of carbon monoxide concentration in the mine air, it will be possible to detect heating at an early stage. Field tests carried out so far have indicated that infra-red technology will prove to be a powerful tool in the hydraulic mine, particularly for locating hidden oxidation or fire in cracks, fissures, underground workings and coal outcrop areas before it spreads extensively. The project is jointly sponsored by EMR, CANMET, Mining Research Laboratories and Kaiser Resources Ltd.

Jan 1, 1978

By G. H. Gale, M. A. F. Fedikow, L. B. Dabek

Rare earth element (REE) data are reported for ores, sul?de-bearing rocks and host rocks from massive sul?de deposits and barren sul?de facies iron formations in Proterozoic volcanic rocks of the Flin Flon-Snow Lake area, Manitoba. Some of the rare earth elements (e.g., Eu), are selectively leached in zones of intense alteration and redeposited together with the sul?des and silicatesin the uppermost parts of the alteration zones and at the rock-water interface. Chondrite normalized REE pro?les of layered sul?de ores and exhalites proximal to the deposits typically have positive europium anomalies and are enriched in light REE. In contrast, barren sul?de facies iron formations exhibit negative or ‘normal’ Eu pro?les. REE data are useful to explorationists in determining the presence of ‘off-hole’ metal-bearing sul?de zones, in distinguishing metal-poor sul?dic layers related to ‘economic’ hydrothermal activity from barren sul?de facies iron formation and in some instances as a means of establishing ‘ore-equivalent’ strata.

Jan 1, 1997

By G. H. Gale, M. A. F. Fedikow, L. B. Dabek

Abstract-Rare earth element (REE) data are reported for ores, sulfide-bearing rocks and host rocks from massive sulfide deposits and barren sulfide facies iron formations in Proterozoic volcanic rocks of the Flin Flon-Snow Lake area, Manitoba. Some of the rare earth elements (e.g., Eu), are selectively leached in zones of intense alteration and redeposited together with the sulfides and silicates in the uppermost parts of the alteration zones and at the rock-water interface. Chondrite normalized REE profiles of layered sulfide ores and exhalites proximal to the deposits typically have positive europium anomalies and are enriched in light REE. In contrast, barren sulfide facies iron formations exhibit negative or ‘normal’ Eu profiles. REE data are useful to explorationists in determining the presence of ‘off-hole’ metal-bearing sulfide zones, in distinguishing metal-poor sulfidic layers related to ‘economic’ hydrothermal activity from barren sulfide facies iron formation and in some instances as a means of establishing ‘ore-equivalent’ strata.

Jan 1, 1997

By F. E. Lathe

INTRODUCTION THE present study, based largely upon phase equilibrium diagrams and other theoretical considerations but nevertheless addressed primarily to the practical metallurgist, has been undertaken with a view to discovering what light can be thrown upon the role of alumina in slags. According to Liddell (23), "alumina apparently acts as .a base if much silica is present, as an acid if the silica is low, always as a nuisance." Newton and Wilson (26) state that .alumina "is never added intentionally, as it makes the slag viscous, and is generally an undesirable constituent of slags". Camp and Francis (3) sum up their views by saying, "alumina is seldom used intentionally as a flux, but it is present in nearly all raw material, hence unavoidable". One has only to read The Function of Alumina in Slags, by Henrich (I3), and the very extensive discussion that followed the presentation of his paper, to realize that, before the days of phase equilibrium diagrams, it was a very serious question indeed as to whether alumina should be calculated as a basic, acid, or neutral constituent. Opinions then differed widely, as well they might; today, even though no categorical answer can be given to the question raised, the function of alumina can be at least partly clarified by a study of the fundamental work done by the Geophysical Laboratory in Washington and by certain universities in both America and Europe. It will be a source of gratification to Canadian metallurgists and ceramists to know that work of this type is now under way in the recently organized Physical and Crystal Chemistry Section of the Mines Branch, Ottawa, and that results of practical value have in fact already been obtained.

Jan 1, 1951

By A. Romero, M. Carvalho, D. L. Millar

"The number of underground mines replacing diesel by battery powered mobile equipment is growing worldwide. The latter produces locally zero emissions and less heat, improving air quality in the working areas, and can potentially reduce energy costs due to lower ventilation requirements and in the face of higher fuel prices. However, there is a lack of systematic approaches to evaluate the potential economic benefit of switching from diesel mobile technologies to electric ones. This paper presents a method to answer the question of whether a mine with known operating conditions should invest in battery-powered electric equipment to reduce its total costs. Furthermore, this method provides the optimal number of electric and diesel equipment in relationship with their impact on the ventilation system and the total costs of running the mine from the energy perspective. A case study of an underground mine in Northern Ontario (Canada) is presented to validate the method proposed. The scenarios studied include the specific climatic conditions of the region, and the possibility to use heat recovery for the ventilation system. Overall, results show that the use of electric mobile plants is cost competitive, especially so when electricity cost can be lowered through load-shedding strategies.INTRODUCTIONOf the multiple advantages of using electrical vehicles (EV) underground in mining, the potential increase in air quality and comfort is the most significant (Paraszczak, Svedlund, Fytas, and Laflamme, 2014). Until recently, fully battery-powered electrical underground heavy duty machinery (i.e., loaders or trucks) were not available, so that tethered and trolley assisted vehicles were the only electric alternatives to diesel powered vehicles (Bétournay et al., 2011). Today, several commercial battery-based alternatives are available (General Electric Fairchild, 2015; RDH Mining Equipment, 2015; Paraszczak et al., 2014). Operational details can be found in Ewing (2015). The main battery technology used (Lithium Iron Phosphate, LiFePO4, or LFP) was already anticipated in Bétournay et al. (2011) as a good candidate for these types of vehicles. More details on these batteries, along with state of the art and future perspectives can be found in Zubi, Dufo-López, Carvalho, and Pasaoglu, (2018)."

Jan 1, 2019

"Industry Guide 7 contains the Securities and Exchange Commission’s basic mining disclosure policy. It provides guidance for Registrants on various matters including the definition and disclosure of proven and probable reserves and the definitions of exploration, development and production stages. The definitions and disclosure instructions contained in this Guide apply to all public mining entities and their public disclosures. As NI 43-101 is law in Canada, the SEC allows mineral resources and mineral reserves prepared under CIM Definition Standards for issuers that are reporting in Canada but are also registered with the SEC. The SEC places conditions on the disclosure of these estimates. US shareholders are cautioned that the requirements under NI 43-101 and the CIM Definition Standards differ significantly from those of Industry Guide 7.Note: this Guide contains the Commission's basic mining disclosure policy. The definitions and disclosure instructions contained in this Guide apply to all public mining entities and their public disclosures pursuant to the rules of Regulation S-K. Questions regarding the application of these definitions and rules to specific situations should be asked of the Commission's mining engineers or geologists at either the Office of Engineering, Division of Corporation Finance, 202-272-3252, or the Branch of Geology, Central Regional Office, 303-844-1000.(a) Definitions. The following definitions apply to registrants engaged or to be engaged in significant mining operations:(1) Reserve. That part of a mineral deposit which could be economically and legally extracted or produced at the time of the reserve determination.Note: Reserves are customarily stated in terms of DoreD when dealing with metalliferous minerals; when other materials such as coal, oil shale, tar, sands, limestone, etc. are involved, an appropriate term such as Drecoverable coalD may be substituted.(2) Proven (Measured) Reserves. Reserves for which (a) quantity is computed from dimensions revealed in outcrops, trenches, workings or drill holes, grade and/or quality are computed from the results of detailed sampling and (b) the sites for inspection, sampling and measurement are spaced so closely and the geologic character is so well defined that size, shape, depth and mineral content of reserves are well- established.(3) Probable (Indicated) Reserves. Reserves for which quantity and grade and/or quality are computed from information similar to that used for proven (measured) reserves, but the sites for inspection, sampling, and measurement are farther apart or are otherwise less adequately spaced. The degree of assurance, although lower than that for proven (measured) reserves, is high enough to assume continuity between points of observation.(4)(i) Exploration StageDincludes all issuers engaged in the search for mineral deposit (reserves) which are not in either the development or production stage."

Jan 1, 2003

By L. S. Beck

"The Athabasca region forms part of the Churchill province of the Canadian Shield and is underlain by an Archean or Aphebian assemblage of rocks that underwent severe metamorphism and granitization during the Hudsonian orogeny (1750-1950 m.y. ago). In places, the eroded orogen is overlain by unmetamorphosed cover rocks (in-cluding the Martin and Athabasca formations) of probable Paleohelikian age. Basic dykes cut all the rocks of the region.There are innumerable vein-type pitchblende deposits and many syngenetic occurrences of uraninite in crystalline basement rocks. Evidence is presented to show that pitch-blende was emplaced during the final stages of the Hud-sonian granitization and followed the crystallization of syngenetic uraninite transitionally. In terms of P-T condi-tions, the pitchblende deposits belong essentially to Lindgren's mesothermal group.Based on the postulated uranium metallogenesis, the possibilities of finding further deposits of pitchblende and other types of uranium deposits are discussed."

Jan 1, 1970

By T. Liu, C. Shi, T. Fu, M. Zhong

Water inrush in coal mines is induced by the imbalance of the groundwater flow field and the engineering geo-mechanics field. Therefore, to prevent water inrush it is important to predict the critical hydraulic pressure of water inrush in coal seam floors. This paper will investigate a method for conducting theoretical forecasting of the critical hydraulic pressure of water inrush in coal seam floors by adopting the combination method of a genetic algorithm-neural network. First, the topology structure of a neural network (NN) based on genetic algorithms (GA) will be determined and then the critical pressure of water inrush in a coal seam floor using the chosen NN will be predicted. Finally, theoretical forecasting results will be compared with actual measurement results to determine the feasibility and applicability of this method.

Jan 1, 2008