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Prof. Dr. H. Seger and Mr. E. Cramer, Chemisches Laboratorium fur Thonindustrie, Berlin, Prussia (communication to the President)* : We have learned, with much interest, from the pamphlet sent to us, of the work of Messrs. Hofman and Demond, particularly as we observe from their experiments that these gentlemen recognize the usefulness of the Seger cones, and that this method of determining temperatures in the furnaces of the ceramic industry and in the tests of refractory clays is valued, not only in all parts of Germany, but also in other countries. Permit us to say, with reference to the crucibles employed in tests for refractoriness, that we have used of late, besides the magnesia crucibles, also those made of Zettlitz kaolin, with the addition of alumina, previously calcined, with regard to which we beg to refer to our article in the Thonindustrie-Zeitung of December 9, 1893.

Jan 1, 1895

The co-operation of the. members of the Institute is earnestly sought by the Committee on Nominations, recently appointed by the Board of Directors, in its work of formulating a ticket for officers and places falling vacant in the Board of Directors in February, 1916. The Committee must present the official ticket of nominations to the Board of Directors at its October meeting. Members are, therefore, urged to send promptly their nominations for officers and Directors in order that the Committee may have an opportunity to give, them full consideration. The officers to be elected at the annual meeting in February, 1916, are: One officer, known as Director and President: Two officers, known as Director and Vice-President. Five officers, known as Director. The officers of the Institute whose terms expire are as follows: President, William L. Saunders (not eligible for re-election). Past President, Charles F. Rand. Vice-Presidents, Thomas H. Leggett, District 0; Fred W. Denton, District 4.

Jan 10, 1915

By Byron W. Cheever

In working up the process which I described at the Chicago Meeting, May, 1884 (p. 163 of the present volume), for the estimation of phosphorus in iron and steel, I employed samples of steel obtained from one works only, and of a given brand. Since then I have had frequent occasion to test the process on other steels, and find that it works equally well. But some steels present certain colors which may mislead the operator; and I therefore propose a slight change in the directions formerly given. On the second page of my paper, in the second paragraph, I would substitute the following modified directions: Place the flask under the hydrant, till the solution is perfectly cold ; then add, gradually, strong ammonia, with constant stirring, till the solution is changed into a pasty mass and the ammonia is in slight excess; then add cautiously HNO3 (1.40 specific gravity)

Jan 1, 1885

By A. H. Lindley, Fraizer M. Stewart

For many years large mining companies were able to finance nearly all of their capital requirements from internally generated funds. However, during the last decade, funds needed for capital expenditures, dividends, and scheduled debt retirement have grown faster than cash flow. As a result the minerals industry has had to rely increasingly on other sources of funds. Getting the capital for new mining projects is a challenge, particularly for smaller companies. New methods of financing and new variations to old methods have been developed and more are needed. Commercial banks are short-term lenders. By policy their loans are limited to low risk loans-those made solely on the borrower's general credit, and secured loans where cash flow is sufficient to provide repayment within a comparatively short term. To maintain liquidity, banks prefer to make loans of less than seven years' term. If a longer loan is needed an insurance company or pension trust may take the long-term part.

Jan 1, 1971

By Kendall E. Born

Production of crude oil in Tennessee during 1943 was approximately 8200 bbl., slightly less than the 1942 production, Counties. Some half dozen wells in Clay, Fentress, and Pickett Counties, pumped intermittently, produced about 1000 barrels. Natural gas was marketed from wells in Morgan and Fentress Counties for consumption in the Sunbright and Jamestown areas, respectively. The Morgan County production was about I0,000,000 cu. ft. and approximately 8,000,000 cu. ft. was produced from the Jamestown gas field from six wells. The production of oil by counties is shown in Table I. Thirteen wells were spudded during the year; three were drilling on Dec. I, 1943. Of the nine completions, representing 10,488 ft. of hole, three were gas' wells of commercial size although only one of them has been placed on the line. The completions are listed in Table 2. The distribution of tests according to physiographic divisions is given in Table 3. Cumberland Pluteuz.-There were three completions in the northern part of

Jan 1, 1944

Jan 1, 1930

GERMANIUM, once the metals industries' unwanted step-child, has suddenly blossomed into importance. As late as 1951 textbooks failed to mention it and the metal was considered no more than a nuisance that interfered with the electrolysis of zinc. Eagle-Pitcher is the only producer of Germanium, used in power rectifiers and the new transistors. Its basic quality is that its ability to carry current can be changed, and a current flowing through it can be controlled. Germanium is sold by Eagle-Pitcher for about $340 a lb, not bad for a metal that only a few years ago was totally ignored. Eagle-Pitcher gets germanium, cadmium and gallium by roasting the zinc concentrate to convert the sulphides to oxides, then adding coal and salt to the crude zinc oxide and sintering at a high temperature. The oxides of germanium, cadmium and gallium are converted to chlorides. Cadmium and germanium chlorides volatilize, and are gathered for additional processing. The important step is the distillation of germanium tetrachloride.

Jan 1, 1952

By F. Milton Lewis, James L. Coburn

In this paper the economics for a conventional comminution system, consisting of three stage crushing and one stage ball mill grinding, are compared to a semi-autogenous/ball mill comminution system. Capital and operating costs for a copper concentrator in Arizona at two levels of production, 20 and 40 thousand short tons of ore per day, are estimated. In order to minimize the investment and operating costs, large size equipment is selected for all four cases. These cost data are evaluated and conclusions are presented.

Jan 1, 1982

By Kendall F. Born

Production of crude oil in Tennessee during 1939 was slightly more than 51,000 bbl., an increase of about 10,000 bbl. over 1938. The product,ion by counties and by fields is shown in Table 1. The increased production has rcsulted from continued activity in the Upper Cumberland district, especially in Clay County, where approximately 37,000 bbl. were marketed off the lease. This figure includes a single well in the old Tinsleys Bottom pool on the Clay-Jackson County line, although the well is in Jackson County. The "Mississippi lime" produced 10,811 bbl. in Scott and Morgan Counties, a decrease of 2568 bbl. from the 1938 production. Production during the year from some half-dozen scattered wells in eastern Clay, Pickctt, and Fentress Counties, on which there are no accurate figures, is estimated at 1000 barrels.

Jan 1, 1940

The first practical and successful use of a laser-beam guidance system for a tunnel machine drilling to a remote target has been achieved at the Bureau of Reclamation's Navajo Indian Irrigation Project near Farmington, N. Mex. Using such a guidance system, the Hughes Tool Co.'s "Betti I" drilled a 10,000-ft long tunnel in eight months and 18 days to within 5/8-in, of established line and grade. The electronic system which guided the "Betti I" features a gas laser whose beam is aimed at two light-sensitive targets on the boring machine. From these targets, the operator of the machine receives electric signals on a read-out panel which tell him the machine's precise location within the tunnel. The operator can then make any adjustments necessary to maintain line and grade while drilling ahead.

Jan 6, 1966

By Kendall F. Born

Production of crude oil in Tennessee during 1939 was slightly more than 51,000 bbl., an increase of about 10,000 bbl. over 1938. The product,ion by counties and by fields is shown in Table 1. The increased production has rcsulted from continued activity in the Upper Cumberland district, especially in Clay County, where approximately 37,000 bbl. were marketed off the lease. This figure includes a single well in the old Tinsleys Bottom pool on the Clay-Jackson County line, although the well is in Jackson County. The "Mississippi lime" produced 10,811 bbl. in Scott and Morgan Counties, a decrease of 2568 bbl. from the 1938 production. Production during the year from some half-dozen scattered wells in eastern Clay, Pickctt, and Fentress Counties, on which there are no accurate figures, is estimated at 1000 barrels.

Jan 1, 1940

S. F. EMMONS RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP. The movement was started by a number of the friends and admirers of the late S. F. Emmons, Economic Geologist of the United States Geological Survey, to perpetuate his name through a fellowship to be known as the " S. F. Emmons Research Fellowship," and they have succeeded in raising some $13,000 for the purpose of carrying on research work in economic geology. The Committee in charge of this Memorial Fund has succeeded in obtaining the co-operation of Professors Kemp, of Columbia, Irving, of Yale, and Lindgren, of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in the administration of this fellowship. These three gentlemen are respectively geologists of the institutions mentioned and are exceptionally qualified to determine in what direction the fund can be best administered. It is hoped that additional contributions will be forthcoming from many who have heard of this movement. Subscriptions are invited and may be sent to any one of these gentlemen, or to Benjamin B. Lawrence, Treasurer, No. 60 Wall Street, New York City.

Jan 11, 1913

By Cleveland Meeting

Jan 1, 1945

By J. L. Wright

When management is confronted with the risk of constructing a waste disposal well, these are some of the questions which may arise. Should the company expand the present waste treatment plant? More lagoons will cut into valuable acreage which might be needed later, and yet the pollution engineer says he can guarantee results. On the other hand, does the formation being used for those successful disposal wells off to the west extend over far enough to be used for the company's own well? Will the formation be thick enough? Will it be too deep? Will it be porous and permeable enough? Apart from needing to make a profit on the products made at the plant, plant officials must sometimes act under pressure to comply with pollution standards. The manager must build the cost of the pollution control system into the price of the products made by the company.

Jan 1, 1970

New York Meets first Wednesday after first Tuesday of each month. DAVID' H. BROWNE, Chairman. JOHN H. JANE WAY, Vice-Chairman. F. E. PIERCE, Secretary, 35 Nassau St., New York, N. Y. P. A. MOSMAN, Treasurer. LEWIS W. FRANCIS. BENJAMIN B. LAWRENCE. Boston Meets first Monday of each winter month. HENRY L. SMYTH, Chairman. ALFRED C. LANE, Vice-Chairman. HENRY A. WENTWORTH, Secretary-Treasurer, 60 India St., Boston, Mass. A. H. EUSTIS, F. G. STANTIAL. Columbia Holds four sessions during year. Annual meeting in September or October. STANLY A. EASTON. Chairman. FREDERIC KEFFER, Vice-Chairman. LYNDON K. ARMSTRONG, Secretary-Treasurer, P. O. Drawer 2154, Spokane, Wash.

Jan 3, 1916

By Antonio Marrano, Eda F. Quadros, Diogo Correa [Fo], Paulo T. Cruz

For many years the water pressure test has been used as a normal procedure to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of rock masses and discontinuities. Although the test has given evidence of problematic areas, the nature of flow and the so called equivalent permeability are seldom seriously affected by the testing tecnique. In order to improve the information on these points the Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas de São Paulo - IPT, has developed an extensive program at laboratory and field research on the hydraulics at rock fractures. This paper summarizes the main items related to this research. Is shows that with only small improvements on field tests and some support of laboratory conductivity tests on natural rock joints it is possible to obtain a better understanding of the nature of flow in fractures, improve flow predictions and estimate the opening and hydraulic conductivity, as well as the transmissivity of natural joints or rock discontinuities.

Jan 1, 1982

ALTHOUGH I have told you before (in the chapter on making the main mould for guns) how to support the core, I wish to repeat it here briefly and in a more orderly fashion, so that you may understand it better. For it is a thing of great importance to the profit of the owner as well as to the honor of the master, because he who does not locate the core in the middle makes the gun weak and incapable of shooting straight, and shows great lack of skill as a master. In short, it is very necessary to do this well. The first of these methods that I described to you is an iron, one dito wide, made into a ring which has four arms in a cross, or sometimes three. This is put in the mould where [88v] the last cornice begins, one palmo or half a braccio from the foot. Secure it in the middle of the diameter,

Jan 1, 1942

During the past 20 years the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. and the General Electric Co. have collected a valuable library of some 9000 volumes on electricity. The collection was intended especially for use in patent searches and is particularly rich in patent material. Files of all the principal patents relating to electric light acid power issued by America, England, France and Germany, are present, together with copies of the patents owned or controlled by the two companies. Another feature, and one of unusual value, is a series of volumes containing the records of the important adjudicated patent cases of these companies and their predecessors during the past 25 years, and forming a storehouse of electrical history. There are also files of about 100 electrical periodicals. It is a pleasure to announce that this collection has now been presented by the owners to the Engineering Societies Library. This gift, which was arranged through Mr. Charles A. Terry, Vice-president, Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co., and Mr. Charles Neave, Counsel,

Jan 7, 1918

By Earl L. H. Sackett

This laboratory centrifuge is unique in its low cost and ease of construction, its particular adaptability to problems encountered in an ore dressing laboratory and its simplicity of operation. It will treat a sample of the size ordinarily used in a laboratory flotation test. The centrifuge was designed at the Baroid Sales Division of the National Lead Co., Malvern, Ark., and built in a local machine shop to serve as a laboratory machine which would produce results comparable with those obtained in the large scale centrifugal deslimers in use in our Magnet Cove mill. The apparatus has served quite well in this capacity and has also proved effective as a deslimer on a variety of ore dressing problems. The cost of making this machine was relatively low and it is simple to operate. It is strictly a batch machine, but when operated under proper conditions, gives results which agree quite closely with large continuous-flow machines of the same type. Effective separation of minus 5 and 10 micron material is made in an undispersed pulp in a short time.

Jan 4, 1950

By Jack D. Arthur

The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, as amended, and related regulations take blasting safety into consideration by requiring compliance with existing state and federal laws. The regulations are based on blasting practices developed by the industry, as well as research and experimentation by the US Bureau of Mines and explosive manufacturers. Residential areas in the proximity of surface mines have made it mandatory that blasting operations be conducted under restrictions and requirements designed to protect the public and structures located within 0.8 km (0.5 mile) of any surface blasting activities. Restrictions against blasting apply where dwellings, schools, churches, hospitals, or nursing facilities are within 305 m (1000 ft) of blasting operations. They also apply where wells, petroleum or gas storage facilities, municipal water storage facilities, fluid transmission pipelines, gas or oil collection lines, and sewage lines are within 152 in (500 ft) of blasting operations.

Jan 11, 1979