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By Peter N. Calder

This paper deals with the reinforcement of igneous rock slopes at three open pit iron ore trines in northern Canada. The pits involved utilize overall slope angles in excess of 60º with ultimate depths in the order of 250 m. Three case studies are described. The first concerns the reinforcement of a 300,000 Ton undercut rock wedge, approximately 70 m in height. This was accomplished using 20 cm diameter steel bales, installed in 25 cm diameter vertical holes, and a cement-sand grout. The second involves the reinforcement of a 40 m wide diabase dyke which had been continuously failing as the pit deepened. A unique form of rock reinforcement was used in that the entire mass of the undercut dyke was not pinned to the wall. Rather an interlocking effect between individual blocks within the dyke was relied upon. A third concerns the reinforcement of a berm which was undercut by the contact between the ore and waste. This reinforcement was also accomplished using a combination of steel bales, rods and cement grout.

Jan 1, 1982

By Kendall Y. Keuhey

The Mercur Mine, developed and operated by Getty Mining Company, is designed to process 3,000 tons/day of gold ore from the historic Mercur Hill mining district. The mill process involves crushing, grinding, and cyanide carbon-in-leach for recovery of gold from ores ranging from 0.08 to 0.10 oz/ton. During the mining of normal grade ore, a substantial tonnage of material containing 0.02 to 0.05 oz/ton is mined and would be available for heap leaching. Also, Getty Mining is developing methods to test and prepare lower grade material for heap leaching by rejecting a coarse rock fraction from the grinding SAG mill circuit. This lower grade fraction is suitable for heap leaching, and its removal will upgrade the regular mill feed. Other test methods are directed toward leaching techniques on some 4.0 million tons of tailings that resulted from roasting and/or cyanide leaching Mercur ores in the early 1900's. The natural carbons associated with the Mercur deposits require special treatment to reduce their gold adsorption effects when leached with cyanide.

Jan 1, 1984

CHARLES P. BROOKS Charles P. Brooks, who had been identified with the mining industry in the West since 1874, having served at various times as mining and consulting engineer for most of the largest mining properties in Utah, died Dec. 11, at his home in Salt Lake City, of heart failure, after an illness of about one month. He was a very close business friend of the late Thomas Kearns and David Keith. In recent years he had been closely identified with the Silver King Coalition Mining Co., the Chief Consolidated Mining Co., the Grand Central Mining Co., the Prince Consolidated Mining & Smelting Co., and many other large properties. Mr. Brooks was born in Washingtonville, Orange County, New York, Aug. .21, 1851; he was the son of Charles Edward Brooks and Adeline Cannon Brooks. When 14 years of age he attended school at Chester, N. J., for one term, and accompanied the assistant principal of Chester Academy to New Paltz, N. Y., and finished the school year there. In 1866 he entered Dr. Stiles's school at Deckertown, N. J., and later the Sheffield School at Yale in 1867, where he received the degree of civil engineer with the class of 1870.

Jan 2, 1919

By S. W. Parr

STUDIES relating to the behavior of coal toward oxygen may have for their purpose the determination of the fundamental factors that underlie spontaneous combustion, weathering and deterioration, and the general topic of storage, as well as those properties that have to do with the underlying principles of carbonization. There is also involved the possibility of developing information relating to the constitution of coal, or at least the chemical properties inherent in the type substances of which the coal is composed. It is the purpose here to record certain FIG. 1. results bearing on this latter idea of the chemical properties that characterize the main constituents of bituminous coal. The avidity of freshly mined coal for oxygen has long been known. What happens to the coal or to the oxygen is not so clear. Is the oxygen absorbed or chemically combined, and what are the conditions as to time, temperature, texture, or components that are most involved in the phenomenon?

Jan 6, 1925

Jan 1, 1944

The attached tables show that in 1935 production of crude oil in Poland slightly decreased (minus 14,450 tons) and that gas production

Jan 1, 1936

Jan 1, 1942

The attached tables show that in 1935 production of crude oil in Poland slightly decreased (minus 14,450 tons) and that gas production

Jan 1, 1936

[Allen -Sherman-Hoff Pump Co Third Cover Dee Carlton Brown. Advertising Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co 228, 228,241 Compton Advertising, Inc. American Cyanamid Co James J. McMahon. Inc. American Manganese Steel Div., American Brake Shoe Co; 246 Fuller & Smith & Ross, Inc. Anaconda Copper Mining Co 229 Kenyon & Eckhardt Inc.]

Jan 1, 1952

By John T. Galey

The restrictions placed on drilling by the Federal Government, which caused a severe curtailment in activity at the beginning of the year, were relaxed somewhat so as to permit the drilling of one shallow† gas well per 40 acres. New wells numbering 574† were drilled for a combined depth of nearly 1,500,000 It., and of this number 131 were dry holes with a footage of slightly over 375,000. Inside locations account for the majority of these totals and the increasing demand for natural gas would normally have increased the number considerably, but many of the independent operators chose to ask for fewer exceptions to Order M-68 of the Office of Production Management, and consequently to curtail the number of wells drilled. Initial open flow of natural gas developed from all operations§ is over 230 million cu. ft. Nearly 191 million cu. ft. of this volume resulted from the 410 new gas wells drilled to horizons above the Lower Devonian, and the footage drilled in these wells accounts for approximately 93 per cent of the total. Shallow Development Oil.—Thirty oil, wells, with a total initial production of slightly over 152 bbl. and a footage of 50.000, were drilled during the § Including deepening wells previously drilled.

Jan 1, 1943

By B. Misra, N. Brook

A new method of determining a "Rock Impact Hardness Number" by comminuting cylindrical specimens in a "Syskov" mortar is proposed. The method of finding Protodyakonov Number by the stamp-mill method was first examined, and the effect of initial size of specimen thoroughly investigated. A method of determining the correct number of blows to use in a test is developed and the inaccuracies involved in the original method, which stem from the measurement of a volume of fines, are avoided by using mass measurements. A graph of percentage fines below 50µtm and number of blows is statistically examined to obtain an accurate estimate of the number of blows to produce 25% fines, from regular initial specimens. This number was defined as the "Rock Impact Hardness Number". The effect of specimen size on this strength index was investigated. A comparison was made between this method of determining rock strength, and a 'field' method using irregular specimens.

Jan 1, 1971

By J. W. Harden

THE observations here following are the result of an examination made as to the feasibility of extending the South Mountain Railroad from Pine Grove to Waynesborough, and of the commercial value of the ore through which such extension would be made to pass. The road at present built and in operation has a junction with the Cumberland Valley Railroad, half a mile east of Carlisle, and extends southward to Pine Grove, a distance of 176 miles. The extension proposed will add to it near 27 miles, making its total length 44$, more than 23 of which will run through, or in close proximity to, beds of ore. Along the route taken there are a number of openings at which the ore is gotten, of which the Craighead bank, Huntzinger's bank, Lowrey's bank, Wenkoop's bank, the Henry Clay bank, the Fuller

By J. W. Harden

THE observations here following are the result of an examination made as to the feasibility of extending the South Mountain Railroad from Pine Grove to Waynesborough, and of the commercial value of the ore through which such extension would be made to pass. The road at present built and in operation has a junction with the Cumberland Valley Railroad, half a mile east of Carlisle, and extends southward to Pine Grove, a distance of 172 miles. The extension proposed will add to it near 27 miles, making its total length 442, more than 23 of which will run through, or in close proximity to, beds of ore. Along the route taken there are a number of openings at which the ore is gotten, of which the Craighead bank, Huntzinger's bank, Lowrey's bank, Wenkoop's bank, the Henry Clay bank, the Fuller

Jan 1, 1873

By J. C. Irvine

Meramec Mining Co., a joint venture by Bethlehem Steel Corp. and St. Joe Minerals Corp., is engaged in the mining, concentrating, and pelletizing of iron ore from the Pea Ridge mine near Sullivan, Mo., about 70 mi southwest of St. Louis. The orebody lies under about 1300 ft of sediments. It is tabular, about 2600 ft long and up to 600 ft thick, and lies in an approximate east-west delineation. The orebody dips about 80"s and is of unknown depth. The ore is primarily high grade magnetite with smaller zones of specular hematite. The Precambrian wall rock is rhyolite porphyry. The mine is serviced through two concrete-lined shafts, 19 ft 1 in. diam and 2500 ft deep. No. 1 shaft, equipped with an "A" type head-frame and conventional cylindrical drums, hoists men, materials, and waste rock; it is also the downcast air shaft. No. 2 shaft utilizes tower-mounted friction hoists to handle the two production skips, each with 24-ton counterweights, and a small man cage. The mine exhaust passes through this shaft. Ore is principally mined by sublevel stoping,

Jan 9, 1972

By Robert S. Shoemaker

Receiving the Richards Award is undoubtedly the most memorable event in my entire life. There should, however, be more names engraved on it. These are the names of men who were my teachers (but not all of the academic variety) and my friends, each of whom had a part in my ever continuing education and thus have a part of this award. There was Bill Caldwell who made me into a chemist, and Will Shorey who added a lot of ore dressing. There was Rush Spedden who put me to work in his minerals research lab, Joe Brennan who made me turn my research into plant practice, and Tom Meek who sent me all over the world on metallurgical jobs. Bob Cheatham and Abe Dor taught me to try to give the client what he needs rather than what he wants, while Ed Malouf and Casey Davis always gave their particular brand of advice at exactly the right time. And, lastly, there was Leo Abell and Frank McQuiston, both fine metallurgists and the best friends a man could have. In addition to those I have mentioned, there are literally scores of others I would like to acknowledge with my sincere appreciation.

Jan 6, 1974

By John Birkinbine

In all metallurgical processes and mining operations, water is an element which receives attention from the management; and provision is required either for a means of supply, or for the disposal of accumulation. In many works the quantity of water to be furnished is sufficiently large to place the item of water supply of equal importance to the reception of material or disposition of product; and the means to be employed receive, or should receive, the most careful investigation. There are exceptional cases where mines or quarries possess a natural drainage, but a large majority of the useful ores and the fuels delved from the earth are obtained from workings in which water accumulates and .must be removed. Often the quantity to be

By Y. Zimmels, I. J. Lin, I. Yaniv

The potential application of magnetic and electric separation techniques in beneficiation of fine-particle feeds are reviewed. Special features of these techniques are considered and compared with a view to increased amenability of such feeds to separation in electro- magnetic fields. The following techniques are discussed, with reference to those already developed and in use to-date: - Differential-susceptibility separation (DSF). - High-gradient differential-dielectric separation (HGDDS). - High-gradient magneto-gravimetric separation (HGMGS). In this context the new approach - whereby selectivity of solid- solid separation processes, in wet high-gradient magnetic and electric separation, can be improved - is described, including experimental results from DSF and HGDDS tests.

Jan 1, 1980

By A. M. Gaudin, T. P. Meloy

This paper presents the theoretical derivation of the distribution equation for single fracture. The equation is shown to accord with experiment. Several empirical size-distribution equations have been proposed to describe the size of broken materials. Among them are the Gaudin-Schuhmann equation and the Rosin-Rammler equation.3*4 The Gaudin-Schuhmann equation relates the relative fraction of undersize to relative size —. In this relationship Mo is the total weight of crushed sample, M(x) the weight of undersize contained, x the size considered, K a quantity called the size modulus, which together with the slope parameter, m, characterizes the product. The slope parameter is usually close to unity. The Rosin-Rammler equation relates the same relative fraction of undersize to the relative size modulus by an equation of different form In this relationship, e is the base of natural logarithms. In the fine size-range when m is unity both equations give Gilvarry and Berstrom have sought a size distribution equation having a sound theoretical basis. They have come to an equation taking into account the effect of volume, surface and edge flaws in fragmentation. If the effect of the volume and surface flaws is neglected, the equation taking only edge flaws into account has the form of the Rosin-Rammler equation. In the present paper, a theoretical size-distribution

Jan 1, 1962

By John T. Galey

The restrictions placed on drilling by the Federal Government, which caused a severe curtailment in activity at the beginning of the year, were relaxed somewhat so as to permit the drilling of one shallow† gas well per 40 acres. New wells numbering 574† were drilled for a combined depth of nearly 1,500,000 It., and of this number 131 were dry holes with a footage of slightly over 375,000. Inside locations account for the majority of these totals and the increasing demand for natural gas would normally have increased the number considerably, but many of the independent operators chose to ask for fewer exceptions to Order M-68 of the Office of Production Management, and consequently to curtail the number of wells drilled. Initial open flow of natural gas developed from all operations§ is over 230 million cu. ft. Nearly 191 million cu. ft. of this volume resulted from the 410 new gas wells drilled to horizons above the Lower Devonian, and the footage drilled in these wells accounts for approximately 93 per cent of the total. Shallow Development Oil.—Thirty oil, wells, with a total initial production of slightly over 152 bbl. and a footage of 50.000, were drilled during the § Including deepening wells previously drilled.

Jan 1, 1943

By H. E. Stauss, G. Sandoz

AN increase in the value of magnetostriction1 * is known to result from the annealing of some ferromagnetic alloys in a magnetic field. Similar increases may be anticipated in the value of the magnetostriction of alloys that are of interest because of their normal high values. Two were selected for trial, 87 pct Fe-13 pct Al(Fe,Al) and 69 pct Co-31 pct Fe, the latter being used as a representative of the Co-Fe alloy series. The influence of a magnetic field present during annealing is explained by the domain theory of magnetism." The field orients the domain vectors in its own direction when the alloy is at or below the Curie temperature, and holds them there until the metal is cold. During cooling the interaction stresses between neighboring grains are largely relaxed. Interaction stresses will reappear, however, if the state of magnetization of the specimen is changed in any way, and will be larger the more the new state of magnetization differs from the one existing during the magnetic anneal. In this connection the 180" reversal of a magnetization vector is not considered a change because a simple reversal does not tend to produce a change in shape of a magnetized region. When the field existing during the anneal is removed after the metal is cold, the domain vectors can turn back only to the nearest crystallographic directions of easy magnetization because return to random

Jan 1, 1953