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By Raymond F. Mikesell

El presente trabajo señala la importancia de la inversión extranjera en la industria minera peruana, donde la minería privada tiene una tradición, constituyéndose en la base de la industria minera. En esta perspectiva, se revisan diez características que tienen en común los inversionistas y los extranjeros para promover la industria minera.

Nov 20, 1978

MIM Holdings Limited has acquired a reputation for the successful application of R&D to develop break-through technologies for the mining industry. The Isa Process tank-house technology has been licensed to copper refineries throughout the world, and almost 40 per cent of the worldÆs copper is refined using this technology. Isasmelt copper and lead smelting technology is either in use, or is currently being installed, by eight companies in eight countries around the world. Jameson Cell technology is widely used in the coal mining industry and increasingly in the base-metal industry. The IsaMills developed at Mount Isa and McArthur River made it possible to develop the McArthur River and George Fisher orebodies. This paper will address the need for innovation and then discuss the development of the IsaMill and Isasmelt technologies. It will conclude with some comments about why MIM has been so successful in developing such technologies.

Jan 1, 2002

By L. Juteau

"""The north coast of the St. Lawrence River will be the scene of an industrial development during the coming decades"". The facts which underlie this statement are the occurrences of iron and titanium ore, the abundance of hydro-power and the availability of deep-water ports in this region. Havre St-Pierre, Sept-Iles, Port Cartier and Baie Corneau already exist as major ports and urban centers. The huge quartz deposit at Baie Comeau will be a decisive contributing factor in the development of a metallurgical plant in this area. Due to its purity, it lends itself, first of all, to the manufacture of glass of different kinds, being comparable to the quartz sands now used by the plate glass and glass container industries in the Montreal area, Moncton, N.B., Trois-Rivieres and - in the future - at Bécancour, Quebec. However, its high quality will also make it possible to use it as one of the main basic materials for the production of silicon carbide and ferrosilicon, and as a flux in metallurgical processes. It is intended, in this report, to offer conclusive proof of the economical importance of this large quartz deposit by presenting the results of the studies made to date."

Jan 1, 1971

By N. Melnyk, H W. Habgood

The conventional low temperature process for extracting' helium from natural gas involves liquefying the whole gas stream in order to remove the relatively small fraction of helium. A process based on the selective diffusion of helium through a semi-permeable barrier is, in principle, more economical and flexible, particularly for the treatment of small re-serves and low concentrations. The well-known permeability of glass to helium offers the possibility of such a diffusion process and McAfee of the Bell telephone Laboratories showed in 1958 that practical separations could be achieved by passing natural gas over bundles of fine capillary glass tubing. Developmental studies have been carried out involving larger units and more extended field tests than those of McAfee. Fine capillary tubing of Pyrex glass 0.0035 in. diameter was prepared by drawing ordinary 6 mm. laboratory tubing in a furnace. Extraction units were pre-pared containing about 10,000 such tubes, 4 ft. long and cemented inside

Jan 1, 1961

By J. M. Sands

Production of oil in Oklahoma during 1927 amounted to 273,256,900 bbl. (Table l), an increase of nearly 100,000,000 bbl. over the previous year. All of the major fields declined with the exception of those of the Seminole district which produced 136,105,000 bbl., almost one-half of the total production of the state. Because of this large new production, most of the development in the state during the year took place in that district. The Seminole City pool located in T.-9-N., R.-6-E., was the first of these pools to be developed. The Indian Territory Illuminating Oil Co. brought in the first well in this field in March, 1926, for 1100 bbl. This well is located in Sec. 24-T.-9-N., R-6-E., and produced from the Hunton lime reached at depth of 3900 ft. The first Wilcox production was developed by the Independent Oil & Gas Co. and R. S. Garland in Sec. 26, T.-9-N, R-6-E. This well was being drilled for production in the Hunton lime but was dry in this horizon and was deepened to the Wilcox sand in July, 1926, and at the total depth of 4069 ft. developed a maximum production of 8000 bbl. daily. It held up in wonderful manner and was the cause of not only the development of this pool but the prospecting of the whole district for the Wilcox sand. This led to the discovery of the other major pools in that district. Seminole City pool reached a peak production of 264,500 bbl. on February 22, 1927, and slowly declined so that by December it had a daily average of 56,200 bbl. from 321 wells. The second pool in this district to be discovered was the Searight pool which was discovered by F. J. Searight et al. in Sec. 33, T-10, R-6, in April, 1926. The first well was drilled to the Hunton lime encountered at 4115 ft., and came in for 1300 bbl. daily. During August, 1926, the second well was drilled on the same farm through the Hunton lime to the Wilcox sand which was encountered at 4360 ft. It came in for an initial production of 4000 bbl. daily. This started active drilling in this field for the Wilcox sand. The field had a peak production of 40,621 bbl. on June 15, 1927, and declined to a daily average of 22,300 bbl. from 73 wells during December.

Jan 1, 1928

By R. G. Warncke, Stanley M. Walker

The United States Bureau of Mines was created by an act of Congress in 1910 as a governmental agency to work , on a national scale , toward reducing the huge annual loss of life in the production and processing of the Nation's minerals . From 1906 to 1910 , inclusive , nearly 2,500 miners lost their lives in 84 major explosion disasters , and more than 13,000 suffered fatal injuries from all causes in the coal mines of the United States . Also , conditions in the metal and nonmetal mines were proportionately hazardous during this period , and the total loss of life in all mines and quarries exceeded 3,000 annually and approximately 250,000 workers suffered serious injuries . Under these conditions it is readily understandable why Congress took notice of this " high cost of mining" , and from the investigations and hearings of the day emerged the Bureau of Mines charged with the prevention of accidents and the preservation of the health of all those engaged in the mineral industry; this has continued to be a most important part of the work of the Bureau . Throughout its existence the Bureau of Mines has had no legal authority of enforcement , except during war years , when enforcement necessary to the national security was given to it . The Bureau believes that persuasion , with factual evidence , is the proper and best way to obtain compliance with the safety suggestions made by its engineers and scientists . There is no panacea for accidents , nor will any single " approach " , instill safety consciousness in all workers , and without it accidents will occur --and occur again . To persuade men to work safely, numerous forms of appeal are required to reach the various temperaments of workers in many types of mines operating under diverse conditions .

Nov 1, 1949

By D. R. Mathews

The solubility of carbon in electrorefined vanadium was determined to be approximately 0.27 wt pct at the eutectic temperature 1,650° C and 0.03 wt pct at 700° C. The tensile strength and hardness of vanadium increased with car-bon content to the solubility limit, but this effect was small, probably because of the narrow solubility range. Between the solubility limit and 0.3 weight-percent carbon, the second phase had essentially no strengthening effect in vanadium. The second phase, observed metallographically at the grain boundaries and within the grains, was shown by autoradiography to contain high-carbon concentrations. This second phase was identified as VgC by X-ray analysis. The VgC in the grain boundaries contributed largely to the poor cold-and-hot workability of vanadium-carbon alloys. Increased concentrations of V2C occurred at the grain boundaries of the high-carbon alloy ingots as a result of homogenization at 1,600° C for 1 hour. Alloy ingots containing more than 0.36 wt pet carbon (a calculated 2.9 wt pct VaC) following homogenization, cracked severely and failed by intergranular fracture upon swaging at 900° C.

Jan 1, 1965

By K. Trapani

"The study undertaken aims to investigate an ice stope heating and cooling system for its potential to be implemented in sub-arctic mines, as a low carbon alternative to conventional natural gas and refrigeration chiller systems. Its performance was simulated for a years’ worth of data, taking into consideration hourly temperature data. Results showed that to supply the required heating and cooling loads, the ice stope system had to supplement its heating with natural heating. The techno-economic performance of this system was compared to that of a conventional heating and cooling system in a mine, with the ice stope thermal storage system hawing the lowest annuitized cost and significantly lower carbon emissions.INTRODUCTIONConventional heating and cooling, in a mine is implemented using natural gas heaters and chiller refrigeration systems respectively. This results in a significant portion of energy consumption in underground mines attributable to ventilation (De Souza, 2015), including the conditioning of the air to ensure that temperatures do not exceed work comfort standards (ACGIH, 2011). Especially at depth where heat could become a significant issue. An ice stope thermal storage, using ice as the storage medium is being proposed as an alternative to provide the heating and cooling—with the ice creation resulting in heating and the ice melting providing the cooling required. A techno-economic investigation of the two systems is undertaken to identify the capital and operating costs for the two systems, and to assess the ice stope’s potential to be considered a low cost and carbon solution for heating and cooling of mines in sub-arctic climates.NATURAL STORAGE SYSTEM – CONCEPT DEVELOPMENTThe concept for the natural storage system is developed from the ice stope at Frood-Stobie Mine, ON, Canada (Stachulak, 1991). The ice stope was developed for mine air heating, with the heating occurring by spraying warm return service water onto the cold intake air—resulting in the air temperature increasing and ice being created in the stope. In summer this ice was melted by passing warm air on top of it, resulting in slight cooling of the air but no significant temperature difference which could allow effective cooling. A schematic of the Frood-Stobie Mine ice stope is provided in Figure 1."

Jan 1, 2019

By Mary A. Wells, Amir Hadadzadeh, Mark A. Whitney, Stephen F. Corbin

In an effort to produce less expensive titanium sheet via roll compaction, the room temperature compaction behavior of titanium sponge granules (99.9% pure, Alfa Aesar) was studied under uniaxial die compaction. The titanium sponge granules were irregularly shaped, with a high degree of porosity, having a maximum particle size of 3mm. Manual die compaction was conducted using a Carver hand press, in a hardened tool steel die with 12.61 mm inner diameter. Uniaxial die compaction in a hardened tool steel die with 9.50 mm inner diameter was also performed using a Gleeble® 3500 thermal-mechanical simulation testing system which allowed for controlled deformation rates. Compaction behavior of the titanium sponge was studied using well-established compaction equations (Heckel, Panelli-Filho and Ge), and it was observed that compaction rate influences the room temperature compaction behavior of this material. The Heckel analysis of the titanium sponge showed that the behavior of the material could be analyzed in two compaction pressure regimes. In the low pressure regime (<100 MPa) the granules exhibited high compressibility, while; in the high pressure regime (>100 MPa) lower compressibility of the titanium sponge was observed.

Jan 1, 2015

By B. R. Benner

Progressive improvements in crusher design, screening efficiency, and operating experience along with the downsizing of many taconite operations has resulted in the abilitv of some crushing plants to produce a substantially finer product. This finer product opens the possibility of replacing the rods in the rod mill with balls as is the current practice at Sydvaranger, Norway. If this replacement could be accomplished substantial savings associated with metal wear and the elimination of rod charging may be realized. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of a mill charged with rods with the performance of the same mill charged with balls at the pilot scale. The first objective was to establish whether we could achieve the same throughput rate at the same mesh-of-grind in a mill in which the rod media has been replaced by balls. The second point was to determine whether the ball media would create a significant tramp oversize problem.

Jan 1, 1990

By Luiz Alberto Pereira Campbell

No processo de laminação a quente um dos fatores que afetam sua produtividade são os arrebentamentos de tira que ocorre no trem acabador, provocando paradas de longa duração, desvios de material e exposição do homem ao risco de acidentes. Dentro das causas responsáveis pelo arrebentamento de tira está o lascamento de cilindros de trabalho que é causado por trinca geradas na superfície do cilindro durante o processo de laminação. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as possíveis causas dos lascamentos de cilindros de trabalho, propondo ações para reduzir as ocorrências utilizando o método solução de problemas. Após análise dos dados foi identificado que as ocorrências de falhas superficiais tinham forte correlação com as tensões de contato entre os cilindros de trabalho e o cilindro de encosto, foi realizado então um estudo com objetivo de verificar se as tensões de contato entre os dois cilindros poderiam estar relacionadas com os lascamentos. O método do estudo consistiu em simular diferentes perfis no cilindro de encosto (cilindro flat e com coroamento positivo) e diferentes caimentos (comprimento e altura) para obter os menores carregamentos possível. A condição de perfil e caimento com o menor carregamento foi testada no laminador para verificar na prática se houve a redução dos lascamentos. Os perfis e os caimentos testado permitiram uma redução significativa de ocorrência de lascamento de cilindros. A metodologia empregada para analise mostrou-se eficaz, podendo ser aplicada em outros laminadores para identificação de causas de falhas.

Aug 17, 2017

By L. Zhou, J. P. Rider, T. W. Beck, J. A. Organiscak, Y. Zheng

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health’s Office of Mine Safety and Health Research recently developed a series of models using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to study the gas distribution around a continuous mining machine with various fan-powered flooded bed scrubber discharge configurations. CFD models using Species Transport Model without reactions in FLUENT were constructed to evaluate the redirection of scrubber discharge toward the mining face rather than behind the return curtain. The following scenarios are considered in this study: 100 percent of the discharge redirected back toward the face on the off-curtain side of the continuous miner; 100 percent of the discharge redirected back toward the face, but divided equally to both sides of the machine; and 15 percent of the discharge redirected toward the face on the off-curtain side of the machine, with 85 percent directed into the return. These models were compared against a model with a conventional scrubber discharge, where air is directed away from the face into the return. The CFD models were calibrated and validated based on experimental data and accurately predicted sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas levels at four gas monitoring locations. One additional prediction model was simulated to consider a different scrubber discharge angle for the 100 percent redirected, equally divided case. These models identified relatively high gassy areas around the continuous miner, which may not warrant their use in coal mines with medium to high methane liberation rates. This paper describes the methodology used to develop the CFD models, and the validation of the models based on experimental data.

Jan 1, 2015

By Gary N. Weinrich

Large surface mining projects in sparsely populated regions of the West have the potential to create disruptions in an area&apos;s social and economic character with potential effects on man that can far outweigh the physical and ecological effects on man&apos;s environment. The data and analyses involved in addressing the socioeconomic issues are additional to those traditionally associated with surface coal mining, such as those concerning land reclamation and water quality. Appropriate socioeconomic studies in conjunction with mine-planning can identify the potential problem areas in order that project measures can be taken to maximize the beneficial impacts and minimize the adverse effects of surface coal mining. The information required to conduct such socioeconomic analyses, available data sources, and the applicable analyses are described. Overall impacts of some proposed Western surface mines are summarized and potential mitigating steps discussed.

Jan 1, 1975

By Ismet Canbulat

"In order to ensure the stability of roadways, Anglo American Metallurgical Coal (AAMC) has developed a roof support design methodology that integrates analytical, numerical and empirical modelling. This methodology currently is based on a deterministic approach (a single factor of safety against failure is calculated). However, an improved methodology, based on stochastic modelling technique, has also been developed and currently being evaluated. The main advantage of this methodology is that the design is based on the probability distributions of input parameters; thus the outcome is based on a distribution of factors of safety rather than a single factor of safety. An evaluation of factors of safety may also be used to determine the likelihood of failure, which in turn may be utilized to quantitatively determine and evaluate the associated risks in decision making process. This methodology has been evaluated at Grasstree and Moranbah North Coal Mines in the designs of roof support in various critical areas and has been proven to be successful and a better way of determining the roof support requirements.This paper demonstrates the application of this methodology in a design of an install road roof support at Moranbah North Mine, where the 1,750 tonne capacity ''world's highest rated longwall"" has recently been installed.INTRODUCTIONAnglo American Metallurgical Coal Australia (AAMC) operates three longwall (LW) mines located in Central Queensland. There is an increasing emphasis on the reliability at these operations, as the longwalls are getting deeper and facing more geologically challenging conditions. In addition, the Anglo American Vision is to achieve ""Zero Harm"" through the effective management of safety at all businesses and operations. In order to accomplish this vision, AAMC has developed a proactive ground control management system for a safe and efficient production of underground reserves.Proactive ground control management involves understanding the impacts of the geotechnical environment on likely ground behavior, and it consists of approximately 15 major elements. One of the most essential fundamentals of proactive ground control management is to utilize a roof support design methodology that considers different failure mechanisms and also takes into account all important elements. The design methodology becomes even more important when the area in question is a critical area, which is defined as a high risk roadway where any failure may cause increased levels of safety and financial risks to underground workforce and operations."

Jan 1, 2010

By The Staff

THE property of McKenzie Red Lake Gold Mines, Limited, consists of eleven claims located on McKenzie island in Red lake. The mine is about 4,Y:l miles by water from the Howey townsite on the same lake, and about 95 miles north of Kenora, Ont. (see Figure 4). Mail and express are flown-in daily, winter and summer, from Sioux Lookout, Hudson, Kenora, and Winnipeg. All heavy supplies are freighted-in during the summer over a water route, using four marine railway portages, from Hudson, Ont., a distance of about 180 miles. During the winter, freighting over the same route is clone by tractor if necessary, but costs are three to four rimes the summer rate. Due to these conditions, large inventories of supplies must be kept on hand, varying from a spring minimum of $45,000 to a peak of $110,000 early in November. The average cost of all freight brought in from steel during 1937 was $0.01 per pound.

Jan 1, 1938

By Chris M. Healey

"Abstract- The Jasper Gold mine in northern Saskatchewan produced a total mill feed of 140 127 tonnes at an average grade of 19.0 g/t Au. Both diamond drilling and chip samples from under­ ground workings returned extremely high values, up to 12 851 g/t (375 oz/I) Au over 0.10 meter from a chip sample. In the presence of such extremely high grades, the accurate estimation of reserves is a major problem.ln the first part of this study, production data from the mine were used to evaluate the results of a variety of reserve estimation techniques in this environment. In two out of three cases studied, indicator kriging with assays cut to 342.9 g/t (10 oz/I) gave extremely good results. In the third case, however , indicator kriging gave unacceptable results. Instead, lognormal kriging of uncut data gave the best results.Secondly, from the same database, a number of drill-hole spacings were simulated, and reserves estimated from the simulations. As may be expected, the results of this analysis show increasingly better results with tighter drill-hole spacing. However, even with a 5 m by 5 m spacing the variation from actual grade was quite large. This is not a systematic under- or over-estimation of grade, rather a random scatter of results .The results of this study show very clearly the problems of deriving good estimates of reserves when extremely high-grade samples are encountered. There is a high degree of randomness to this database, so reserve estimation in this situation will remain a high-risk operation."

Jan 1, 1993

By Sumantra Bhattacharya

The per capita energy consumption in India is 510kgoe/year, the global average being nearly 1818kgoe/year. Correspondingly low is the per capita CO2 emission at 1.25t against the world average of 4.39t.65-70%, at times more, of India?s power generation from about 190,000 MW installed capacity, is however coal fired.India therefore has to secure diversified sources of energy and solar power is increasingly being looked as the real alternative to the existing over dependence on coal. To ensure sustainable solar power it is essential to secure its raw material base that is ?silica?, hitherto considered as ?minor minerals?. That calls for immediately addressing the issues of land availability, solar power cost, developing a dynamic inventory of silica containing minerals, appropriate processing technology and strong regulatory framework for sustainable mining and processing of all silica rich minerals. Keywords: silica, silicon, Thar, power generation, India, quartz, solar power

Sep 1, 2012

By H. W. Morse

THE CHAIRMAN (H. W. MORSE).-Gentlemen, for the first time in the history of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, we have a full session on the subject of leaching-especially on the leaching of copper ores.. This branch of metallurgy is rather in its infancy. We have had one big plant running for a year or more, and pretty successfully; and another one which will be started in February or March, the New Cornelia. We have another one at Garfield for the Utah company, which is just designed and construction begun; and from several other points come reports of interesting test work. The first paper on the program this evening is one of some of the test work on the New Cornelia ore by myself and Mr. H. A. Tobelmann. LAWRENCE ADDICKS, New York, N. Y. (written discussion).-The Ajo proposition has had, as I understand it, two great advantages: it has not been obliged to measure leaching against flotation or some other metallurgical process, and it deals with a copper content high enough

Jan 12, 1916

By Walter Miller

With returning prosperous conditions in all industries, oil-refinery engineering has found opportunity for the more extensive application of improvements developed during the several years of depression. The year has brought out little of an entirely new nature, but much in wider application of previous worth-while developments. The greatest volume of work done has been in modernizing the distillation and cracking units of existing refineries, particularly by substitution of combination skimming and cracking units for older equipment, and the installation of cracking plants in smaller refineries where formerly only skimming was practiced. A number of entirely new refineries were installed during the year, two of the most important being the 20,000-bbl. refinery by the Atlantic Refining Co., at Atreco, Tex., and a 12,000-bbl. plant by the Wilshire Oil Co., at Norwalk, Calif., these two embodying some of the latest developments in cracking and treating. Total refining capacity for the United States is now reported as being something over 4,000,000 bbl. per day, but a movement is on foot looking to a complete revision of these figures, as experience has indicated not only some overstatement of capacity of equipment but that considerable equipment is included which because of obsolescence and location will probably never be run again. The 3,000,000-bbl. figure which the industry reached during the year&apos;s high consuming period required the operation of probably 95 per cent of the country&apos;s efficiently usable capacity. Cracking and Polymerization There were no new outstanding developments in the cracking field, progress being made largely in the further refinement of known principles. Improvements in furnace design and operation have been largely in permitting closer control of the heating curve through the cracking-tube system, assisting in more uniform yield and in the lessening of coke deposition, and permitting longer trouble-free operating time as well as reduction in furnace-maintenance cost. Actual operating polymerization capacity has been increased little during the year, but a number of projects have been started, some nearing completion, the production from which will be available during 1937.

Jan 1, 1937

By Lorena Cristina Amorim Moura

As coquerias enfrentam um grande problema que é a oxidação do carvão. Este fenômeno as afeta diretamente, pois deterioram as propriedades coqueificante do material, impactando na síntese do coque metalúrgico. Portanto, gerando perda de valor econômico, uma vez que as propriedades coqueificantes são fatores que determinam a atratividade e o custo do carvão. Sendo assim, torna-se necessário o uso de medidas para retardar o efeito da oxidação, garantindo a menor perda possível, desde a extração do carvão mineral da mina, até o carregamento nos fornos de coqueificação. Neste estudo em particular, definiu-se uma equação para previsão do decaimento de fluidez, que é a principal propriedade afetada pela oxidação, e matéria volátil de carvões em pilhas a céu aberto. Foi também desenvolvido o estudo do efeito da aspersão de uma camada polimérica para minimizar os decaimentos de fluidez e matéria volátil.

Oct 30, 2017