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The object of this program was to extend the capabilities of visual paging systems both in size and function. The system developed uses the mine pager phone line for communication, monitoring, and remote control. A central station, using a minicomputer, transmits signals by phase inversion modulation of a 16,384 Hz carrier to as many as 999 remote units. The remote unit addressed returns An echo to indicate that it is functioning and, in the case of monitor units, to convey the monitor data. Magnetically latched display dis[c]s, which can be seen from both sides when posted, are used for visual paging. Lists of the addresses of posted pages, unanswered pages, and non-echoing units are prepared by the central station computer. The system was designed to be intrinsically safe and should operate for three months on a 12-volt lantern battery.

Jan 1, 1980

Coal - Surface Mining Coal Preparation Coal Utilization Research and Development Health and Safety

Jan 3, 1976

By Albert H. Clough

The Coast Range subarea of the Juneau Mining District (JMD) extends from the Canadian border north of the community of Skagway, southerly to Tracy Arm. It is bounded by the international boundary on the north and eastern edges. The Ferebee Glacier and Lynn Canal mark the western boundary, extending south to the Berners Bay region. From Berners Bay south, the western boundary is the eastern boundary of the Juneau Gold Belt (fig. E-l). The city of Skagway (fig. E-2) is the only developed community within the confines of the subarea. Skagway was originally established as a port for the Klondike gold rush of 1898. Recently, Skagway has gained prominence as a port for shipping goods into and mineral products out of Yukon Territory (fig. E-3). Skagway has also developed a thriving tourist industry based on its Alaskan traditions. The community of Skagway maintains a paved airstrip which is suitable for use by small multi-engine aircraft. Several regional air carriers serve Skag-way with frequent scheduled flights, especially during the summer months. Helicopter charter services are available from Skagway during the summer months.

Jan 1, 2012

By J. H. Soulé

"The Copper King copper-gold-silver deposit was discovered about 1880. Various individuals and companies have been interested in the deposit and considerable work has been done, although production, if any, has been small. The deposit is located in the western part of Laramie County Wyo., and is favorably nituated with respect to rail and truck transportation and high-tension power facilities.Mild summers and cold winters characterize the climate. Precipitation averages between 16 and 17 inches annually, with considerable snowfall in the winter. Permanent streams are small and most available water in being stored for use by Cheyenne, Wyo. Range grasses comprise the bulk of the vegetation, with small treed and shrubs common in the most rugged areas.The deposits lie upon land owned by Wyoming, now leased by a group of Wyoming and Colorado businessman constituting the Copper King Mining Co.Primary copper-gold mineralization seems largely confined to an equigranular, relatively fine grained gneiss that is part of a pre-Cambrian complex of metamorphic rocks ranging from schists to pegmatites. The copper minerals are oxidized to a depth of from 100 to 150 feet, with the occasional occurrence of secondary minerals at greater depths. The copper minerals chalcopyrite, malachite, chalcocite, bornite, cuprite(?), and some native copper were observed in Le deposit.In addition to the 4,030 feet of diamond-core drilling in 11 holes done on the deposit by private companies, the Bureau of Mines drilled 3 holes for a total of 2,630 feet. The sample results of this drilling plus available data from previous drilling and sampling are appended to this report."

Jun 1, 1955

By W. H. Oppelt

The continuous gasification of lignite in an externally heated alloy-steel re-tort was investigated by the Bureau of Mines, Grand Forks, N. Dak., from 1945 to 1951. The main objective of the long-term experimental program was to obtain data on the mechanical performance of this type of gasification retort, particularly the alloy-steel heat-transfer surface of the retort, when operated on large pilot-plant scale. At the same time, extensive experimental data were obtained concerning the effect of process variables and the effect of a limited number of design modifications on gasifier performance. In the period covered by this progress report 4 pilot-plant runs totaling 2,879 hours of operation were completed with the rolled-plate, 310-alloy reaction tube. Over 30 million cubic feet of gas, having H2-CO ratios from 2.1 to 4.4, was made by the partial gasification of 636 tons of 1-1/2-by 3/8-inch natural lignite. Rates of gas generation were from 8,200 to 14,300 cubic feet per hour. Three of the four runs were carried out with the lowered gas offtake or continuous-annulus design modification of the gasification retort. In the final run of the series, gasification of lignite from seven different mines in North Dakota and Saskatchewan, Canada, was investigated at similar combustion-space temperatures and lignite and steam feed rates.

Jan 1, 1955

By Thomas T., Read

ANY discussion of State-supported schools of mining and A metallurgy needs to be prefaced by a definition, since the first school to offer a mining curriculum, the Pennsylvania Polytechnic College, was established by a grant from the State. But, so far as can be determined, it received no further State support. It would be tiresome to go into precise details,. and it will be enough to stipulate that by State schools are meant those which derive their main financial support from regular appropriations made by a State legislature. The University of Michigan was the first of these to offer a mineral industry curriculum; its story, as well as those of Wisconsin and Illinois, has been related in the preceding chapter.* Arranging the others in chronological order involves making a decision as to what weight to attach to plans for giving instruction, as contrasted with its , effective initiation. This may appropriately be illustrated by the history of mineral industry education in California. California Among those who came to California in 1849 and the following years were many New Englanders who had a keen interest in education. Some of them, mostly Congregationalists and Presbyterians, sought to establish a school of higher education around San Francisco Bay and eventually succeeded in opening the "Scientific and Classical School at Contra Costa' in Oakland, at Broadway and 5th St., on June 20, 1853. This prospered so well that it was chartered by the State as the "College of California" on April, 13, 1855. Developing so rapidly that its quarters became cramped, in 1864 it not only bought a tract of

Jan 1, 1941

By Ralph H. Whaite

In undermined urban areas, new solutions to subsidence problems are being sought. The Bureau of Mines is investigating a hydraulic backfilling technique whereby fill material is pumped as a slurry through a closed system and widely distributed in inaccessible mine workings from a single borehole. A full-scale demonstration was completed in 1973 in Scranton, Pa., which is underlain by abandoned anthracite mines in several coalbeds superposed one above another. A 30-acre residential area was stabilized by injecting about 450,000 cubic yards of crushed mine refuse into two coalbeds through five injection boreholes. Nearly 200,000 cubic yards was injected through one borehole from which the material moved into the mine workings on all sides; the injected material reached a maximum lateral distance of 640 feet and filled mine openings from floor to roof. In the gravity-feed method formerly used to backfill inaccessible mine workings, quantities of fill injected per borehole averaged about 300 cubic yards. The gravity-feed method required many closely spaced injection holes and provided incomplete filling. The new method, designed for inundated mines, proved successful also in mine workings about mine-water pool level. Distribution of slurry through a buried pipeline minimized disturbance to the community.

Jan 1, 1975

By A. B. Hooker, J. W. Paul

"There was a time when any suggestion that the Davy flame (safety) lamp be discarded, would have evoked unlimited, criticism. However, that time is past.Investigations both here and abroad have shown conclusively that the Davy lamp does not have the necessary factor of safety against ignitions of mine gas, and England, the lost stronghold of the Davy lamp in Europe, has eliminated this lamp and substituted safer types.In the United States there are companies who still use the Davy lamp in spite of all that has been said and published as to the dangers connected with its use.Recently the purchasing agent of an anthracite coal company requested the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, to pass upon the safety of some braise gauzes for use in a shielded Davy lamp. A shielded Davy lamp is an ordinary Davy safety lamp equipped with a circular brass shield that is attached to the lamp posts. This shield extends about one-half way around the gauze and one-half of the gauze height. The main purpose of the shield is to prevent the lamps being extinguished by a sudden increase in the velocity of the air current past the lamp.The brass gauzes submitted for this test represented two grades of brass - a yellow brass and a red brass. The analysis of these brasses was not determined. Two shielded Davy lamps that were submitted for the tests each had a steel gauze. These steel gauzes were also tested. Tests were made in horizontally moving mixtures of Pittsburgh natural gas and air at velocities of 400 to 1,000 feet per minute. The gas percentages used were 7%, 8.6%, and 11%. Tests were made with the lamp shield in two positions relative to the lamp and direction of flow of the gas-and-air mixture. In one position the shield was between the gauze and flow, as normally used. In the other position the shield was on the downstream side of the lamp. The tests were continued until one or more failures or gas explosions been obtained with each of the six gauzes. The results of these tests summarized as follows:"

Jun 1, 1923

By Andrew Abraham

Continual improvement is the key to success in today?s competitive global arena. You require tools that promote dynamic quality management, deliver cost savings to your bottom line and provide the foundation for process improvement. ISO 9000 and ISO 14001 management systems and OHSAS 18001 are those tools. Since their inception, the benefits of ISO management systems and registration have been touted as the way to achieve better bottom line results. This spurred many companies to embark upon the road to registration with high expectations. The potential benefits of ISO management system implementation and third party registration that are commonly provided by Registrars and consultants are compelling adverts for success. ISO 9001:2000 is promoted as an essential tool for systematic efficient and affective management controls that provide a framework for analyzing errors and improving a company?s internal operational processes. It also allows companies to comply with internal and external customer and regulatory requirements thus continually improving the quality of their products and services and thus enhancing customer satisfaction. This, in turn, leads to greater customer recognition and increased market share. ISO 14001 implementation and registration may assist your company in reducing its litigation risk, raw material and energy consumption, waste disposal costs and possibly non tariff trade barriers. It should also provide continuity of operations, enhanced operational efficiency and consequently a competitive advantage in the market place. Registration of your ISO 14001 management system should also improve your company?s profile and credibility leading to regulatory flexibility and improved community goodwill. All of this will be a catalyst for improved morale and pride by employees and management alike. Likewise, OHSAS 18001, the latest certification specification for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems supports Occupational Health and Safety legal and regulatory obligations and compliance, manages & controls Occupational Health and Safety risks and improves performance, safety culture and efficiency. OHSAS 18001 is an audit certification, and not a legislative requirement. Suggested benefits of implementation include reduction in accidents, lost time and associated liability and insurance costs and improving reputation and credibility through demonstrated commitment to health and safety. The foregoing increases access to new customers, joint venture partners and financing The skeptics say these are motherhood statements and lack corroborative evidence, i.e., ?Show me the money!?

May 1, 2003

By L. C. Brichta

The Melrose zinc-lead. deposit is in an area of structural disturbance of sedimentary rocks in the Melrose mining district in Cherokee County, Kans., 25 miles west of Joplin, Mo., adjacent to the northwest limits of the Tri-State district. Mining and milling in the Melrose district has been sporadic and. very limited, largely due to the high cost of exploration through great thicknesses of barren rock, 350 to 440 feet overlying the ore deposits. No mining has ever been done on the Melrose zinc-lead tract, but it has been drilled extensively. The drill-hole logy indicate extensive structural deformation, silicification, and zinc-lead deposits in the Boone limestone-chert formations of the Mississippian series, which is overlain by thick-bedded Pennsylvanian shale and sandstone. Analyses of samples from Bureau of Mines drilling indicate the ore minerals are sphalerite and galena with no evident oxidation. During the period from November 2, 1949, to March 13, 1950, the Bureau of Mines investigated the deposit by churn drilling and sampling 23 holes aggregating 10,405 feet of bore. Factual data on the investigation and logs of holes drilled by private parties and the Bureau of Mines are presented in this report.

Jan 1, 1951

By B. W. Gandrud

[The Bureau of Mines is conducting an extensive investigation of coal preparation in the Alabama coal fields in cooperation with the University of Alabama coal-mine operators. In this investigation the drainage characteristics of typical coals from the Warrior and Cahaba fields were studied]

Jan 1, 1941

By Joseph Domenico

AMONG others, one of the most important duties of the accounting department is to disclose to the management the cost of production accurately and as quickly as possible after the ore has been produced and treated. A report is issued daily showing man shifts and the cost of labor, supplies, power, and miscellaneous charges to each department of the operation: mining, crushing, milling, packing and loading, and general expense. Mining costs are broken down into stoping, handling, development, exploration, and miscellaneous, and each of these subdepartmental costs are further broken down into the branches making up the subdepartment. Costs of crushing, milling, packing and loading, and general expense are detailed in the same manner. With such a detailed daily report as this, the management is able to keep in close touch with the efficiency of the entire operation. Because no expense items are deferred or spread over a period, and so that the report does not lose its comparative valve, appearances of unusual charges are explained.

Jan 1, 1946

By Allan F. Lawrence

"I AM SURE you do not expect from me any learned dissertation on the problems and opportunities of the mining industry. Y our program committee must have recognized my limitations when issuing the invitation to speak to you, because they very thoughtfully left the subject wide open.With the leeway thus granted, I hope that you will bear with me for a few minutes while I try to clarify the impressions of the mining industry that I have gained in the very short time I have held the Mines portfolio and some of the parts that government bas or should have in furthering its development.As I see it, it is the duty of the Mines Department, as an arm of the provincial government, to balance the proprietary rights of all the people against the interests to whom the privilege of developing our resources are, in a s e n s e, leased. To strike a fair balance is not always easy, nor is it possible always to satisfy both sides. Still, under the free enterprise democratie form of government to which I think we al! subscribe, no better way of handling the problem has yet been discovered."

Jan 1, 1968

By C. P. Bowie

For years many oil producers have believed that often low-pressure oil- and gas-bearing strata have been over coked in fields where the rotary system of drilling has been used. Collom3/ gave as a reason for this con¬dition that because the mud fluid was thick, the oil or gas stratum was plastered and sealed as the tools passed through it and no oil showed at the surface. Although this observation was made 15 years ago, it may often still be true notwithstanding modern developments in coring and electrical logging. Operators have believed, also, that mud fluid does not solidify behind the casing. Lewis and McMurray4/ stated: "All the evidence obtainable from practical experience points to the fact that the mud fluid properly mixed and employed does not solidify behind the casing, even in deer wells and after long periods."

Jan 1, 1937

By Fred Heivilin

A symposium on the characterization and toxicology of mineral dusts was held Sept. 19 and20 in Washington, D.C. The symposium was held to update the minerals industry, the health community, government agencies and academia on the technical, health and regulatory aspects of minerals to be evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).In October 1996, the IARC met in Lyon, France, to discuss and prepare “Volume 68 of the IARC Mono-graphs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans on Silica, Silicates, Dusts and Organic Fibers.”

Jan 1, 1996

By R. B. McElwaine

From November 1943 to April 1944, the Bureau of Mines put down 18 churn-drill holes aggregating 2,571 feet of bore in an investigation of the virtually abandoned zinc deposits of the north-central Arkansas district, principally in Marion, Boone, Searcy, and Newton Counties. The ore of this area occurs in flat-lying sedimentaries of the Mississippian and Ordovician ages. Much of the zinc is in the form of carbonate and silicate, although some sulfide has been produced. Preliminary studies resulted in selection for investigation of the Big Hurricane mine in northwest Searcy County, the Spies mine in northeast Newton County, and the Coon Hollow mine in eastern Boone County The comparatively large production of th.ese properties in the past was a factor in the selection. This report describes the work accomplished in the investigation and presents the data obtained.

Jan 1, 1948

By W. G. Freeman

This study provides recommendations for improved safety in underground blasting procedures based on in-mine observations of blasting practices in 30 underground metal, non-metal, and coal mines, and the analysis of blasting accidents since 1970 and existing state and federal regulations pertaining to the storage and use of explosives. Results of these analyses and observations indicate that 1) blasting accidents have declined but are an important contributor to the hazards of underground mining; 2) existing regulations are essentially adequate; 3) greater emphases should be placed on human errors and unsafe practices and the enforcement of existing regulations; and 4) future revisions of these regulations and standards should be organized, and their intent coordinated to eliminate ambiguities.

Jan 1, 1980

By D. Puckett

The feasibility of maintaining equipment location, personnel location and vital statistics in surface and underground mining operations has increased with advances in radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The paper addresses the use of this technology, relatively new in the mining industry, to track surface equipment in mine pits, loading points, and processing facilities. Specific applications are discussed including a simplified and a complex truck tracking system and an automatic pit ticket system. The paper concludes with a discussion of the future possibilities of RFID technology in mining, such as monitoring biofeedback of personnel (heart and respiration rate, body temperature, exertion level, etc.) repetitious movements to study work habits, and logging air quality via personnel sensors.

Jan 1, 1996

By Chenyang Zhang, Zhigang Yin, Wei Sun, Jingxiang Zou, Jianyong He, Yuehua Hu, Zhijie Xu

"In this work, a novel compound 4-Amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole was first synthesized and its selective adsorption mechanism on the surface of chalcopyrite was comprehensively investigated using UV-vis spectra, zeta potential, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectrscpy Measurements(XPS), and Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and first principle calculations. The experimental and computational results consistently demonstrated that AMT would chemisorb onto the chalcopyrite surface by the formation of a five-membered chelate ring. The first principle periodic calculations further indicated that AMT would prefer to adsorb onto Cu rather than Fe due to the more negative adsorption energy of AMT on Cu on the chalcopyrite (001) surface, which was further confirmed by the coordination bonding energies of AMT-Cu and AMT-Fe based on the simplified cluster models at a higher accuracy level (UB3LYP/Def2TZVP). The bench scale results indicated that the selective index improved significantly when using AMT as a potential chalcopyrite depressant in Cu-Mo flotation separation.INTRODUCTIONFroth flotation is one of the most important processes to separate valuable minerals from gangue by taking advantage of differences in the physical chemistry of their surface properties(Laitinen et al., 2014), particularly in their surface hydrophobicity. Hydrophobicity differences between valuable and gangue minerals could be regulated by adding different chemical additives (surfactants)(Kor, Korczyk, Addai-Mensah, Krasowska, & Beattie, 2014), such as collector and depressant. It could be conducted economically to selectively separate and enrich the complicated and/or poor ores, by adopting appropriate surfactants. For example, the beneficiation of molybdenite usually relies on a two-stage process to realize flotation separation of molybdenite from other unwanted sulphide ores(Wie & Fuerstenau, 1974). In the first step, a bulk molybdenite concentrate is produced by utilizing kerosene/ diesel oil and pine oil/alcohols as collector and frother, respectively. Second, sodium hydrosulphide, sodium cyanide, ammonium sulphide, or Nokes reagent are adopted as depressants in the separation stage. However, these depressants are usually toxicant and cannot meet the requirements of environmental protection. A large number of efforts have been taken to develop alternative environmentally-friendly depressants (Ansari & Pawlik, 2007; J. H. Chen, Lan, & Liao, 2013; Li et al., 2015; Yin, Sun, Hu, Zhai, & Guan, 2017; Yin, Sun, Hu, Zhang, Guan, Liu, et al., 2017; Yin et al., 2016). Although some novel and environmental-friendly depressants have been reported to achieve good performance in Cu-Mo flotation separation at a laboratory scale, there are still some challenging problems, including toxicity, high price or poor performance in practice, which severely limit their practical applications in Cu-Mo flotation separation on a commercial scale."

Jan 1, 2018

By S. F. Mauser

This report describes the study of factors which affect medium voltage (661 - 1000 volts) trailing cable splices used in underground coal mines. Improvements in quality, dependability, and design of splice kits and shop splices are presented in the study results and recommended guidelines and regulations. Recommended research programs are included which describe approaches for development of the recommended guidelines and regulations for medium voltage trailing cable splices. The basis for the conclusions and recommendations presented in this report is included in three appendices which describe a survey, splice examination, and general requirements development prepared during the progress of this study.

Jan 1, 1977