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By Rui Mao, Ke-Xin Nao, Jian-Liang Zhang, Xiang-Nan Xu, Meng-Fang Wei

"In this research, fundamental characteristics of dust and sludge containing iron from the dusting system of sintering process, blast furnace, oxygen converter and rolling process in steel enterprise were studied by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, optical microscope analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis, particle size analysis and other analysis means. Development direction of resource utilization for dust and sludge containing iron from steel enterprise was put forward on the basis of above study.IntroductionDust and sludge containing iron for steel enterprise mainly come from the dusting system of sintering process, pelletizing process, blast furnace, oxygen converter, rolling process and other related process. Iron content of dust and sludge is between 30% and 70%, and they also contain certain content of carbon, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and harmful elements [1-3]. Output of dust and sludge is determined by raw materials conditions, technological processes, equipment configuration and management level. Dust output in sintering process accounts for about 2% to 3% of the sinter production, while dust and sludge from iron making and steel making process respectively take up 3% to 4% of hot metal and crude steel production, and the solid waste from rolling process accounts for about 0.8% to 1.5% of the output of rolled products [4,5]. Dust and sludge contains Fe, CaO, MgO, C and other valuable resources, it will not only result in the waste of resources, but also cause serious pollution to environment ifthe dust and sludge are not recycled. China's crude steel production in 2012 is about 700 million tons and output of dust and sludge containing iron is nearly 60 million tons, so, it is of great significance to have a resource recycling for dust and sludge containing iron from steel enterprise."

Jan 1, 2014

By J. L. Taylor, P. Duwez

The phase boundaries in the ternary system Ti-Cr-Al have been established at 1800° and 1400°F for alloys containing more than 60 pct Ti. The martensite transformation temperature has been measured for the titanium-rich alloys. THE studies of binary alloys of titanium with the transition elements which have been published so far1-0 ndicate clearly that the solubility of these elements is always much greater in the high temperature body-centered cubic form of titanium (ß phase) than in the low temperature hexagonal form. In this category of alloying elements are iron, nickel, chromium, manganese, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, columbium, and tantalum. Although studies of the nontransition elements have been rather limited, early work on titanium binary alloys'" has shown that most of them were not very soluble in the a form, with the exception of aluminum, for which the solubility in a is about 25 pct.13, 12 In addition to this large solubility in a, aluminum is also soluble in ß titanium to the extent of about 35 pct and the transformation temperature from ß to a is raised with aluminum content. This effect is also typical of aluminum, in contrast with that found for the transition elements which lower the ß to a transformation temperature. Therefore, it may be anticipated that tprnarv titanium alloys with aluminum and any one of the transition elements will constitute a class of ternary alloys having characteristic features absent in alloys involving two transition elements. Chromium was chosen as a typical transition element for the present study because ternary alloys of Ti-Al-Cr commercially produced have been found to possess very interesting physical properties (MST-3 pct A1-5 pct Cr of Mallory-Sharon).'" Binary Systems The binary systems Ti-A1 and Ti-Cr have been established recently by several investigators. The data used in this investigation were taken from the complete diagram of Bumps, Kessler, and Hansen." This diagram agrees quite well with earlier investigations." For the Ti-Cr system, the phase boundaries at 1800" and 1400°F were taken from refs. 6 and 7. The binary system Cr-A1 has been studied recently by Bradley." This system is rather complex and contains not less than seven intermediate phases. The present study was limited to the titanium corner of the ternary system (less than a total of 40 pct Cr plus Al) and none of the phases present in the Cr-A1 binary alloys were found in the ternary alloys investigated. Experimental Technique Microscopic observation and X-ray diffraction measurements were used to identify phases and de-

Jan 1, 1954

Coal-derived flue gases contain CO2/SO2 and these contaminants preferably have to be captured by cheap sorbents. This remediation approach is from the standpoint of addressing issues such as global warming, acid rain and development of Advanced Power Generation Systems and to realize the economic gain as well. Conventional and existing dry scrubbing technologies use regenerable sorbents which are pollutant specific and require expensive stabilizers in order to attain versatility. This paper discusses the use a novel class of sorbents prepared from the heavy metal contaminated Berkeley Pit water (Butte, Montana) by a proprietary process developed at The University of Nevada, Reno. These sorbents are activated mixed spinel ferrite (MxFe,_X04)' Preliminary experimental results show that the sorbents have good desulfurization and CO2 decomposition capacities. The decomposition effectiveness of these mixed spinel ferrites was studied at 300°C and compared against the synthetic magnetite obtained from ferrous sulfate solution in our laboratory. The results indicated that the mixed spinel ferrite had good affinity for the adsorption and decomposition. The CO2 decomposition data of both sorbents fitted the first order reaction kinetics. Even though the surface area of the magnetite was higher than that of mixed spinel ferrite, the CO2 decomposition rate of the mixed spinel ferrite was estimated to be 2.5 times higher than that of magnetite under identical conditions. The carbon analysis deposited on the sample indicated that the CO2 was 100% decomposed into carbon and other carbon! hydrogen compounds by the mixed spinel ferrite whereas the conversion was 43% by the magnetite. In terms of specific adsorption of carbon, ferrite was 3-5 times more efficient than magnetite.

Jan 1, 1996

By J Zhou, L Crompton, K P. Galvin, J L. Sutherland, C P. Lowes, C Bezuidenhout, J Bijzet

Platinum Group Metal (PGM) bearing ores from the Upper Group 2 (UG2) reef often contain significant concentrations of chromite which can potentially be upgraded to produce a saleable product. A common approach is to implement gravity separation on the PGM flotation circuit tailings. However, where the particle size range of interest is broad and the lower size limit ultra-fine, the challenge is how to maximise the recovery at a saleable product grade without compromising throughput. This study was concerned with the performance of a REFLUX™ Classifier for beneficiation of a PGM bearing chromite ore and the benefits of size classification. The sample had a nominal top size of 0.5 mm and was processed over the complete size range and in two discrete size classes following classification at 106 µm. The primary goal was to produce a concentrate exceeding 40 wt. per cent Cr2O3, ideally approaching 42 wt. per cent Cr2O3, with minimal PGM losses above 106 µm. A major challenge was to process at the required solids throughput in a single stage with the feed pulp density constrained to a nominal upper limit of 30 wt. per cent solids. It was found that varying the controller density set point of the REFLUX™ Classifier produced strong control of the product grade. Products as high as 41.1 wt. per cent Cr2O3 were produced at 78.6 per cent recovery for the +106 µm material, while in the −106 µm portion the product grade was as high as 41.4 wt. per cent Cr2O3 at 83.2 per cent recovery. Processing the feed in discrete size classes enabled the volumetric feed and fluidisation rates to be optimised for a given application; hence, superior performance was achieved at the finer sizes. This work has demonstrated the value in considering feed preparation as well as technology selection in developing a robust process solution.

Aug 24, 2022

By E. P. Williams

"Prince Edward Island, Canada's smallest Maritime Province, is located in the southwestern part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The Province is more or less centrally located in the Maritimes Basin, a large intermontane basin within the Appalachian orogenic belt. The Maritimes Basin is subdivided into sub-basins and uplifts which exhibit two dominant structural trends: east and northeast. The Basin is known to be petroliferous because of the seeps, shows, oil shales and albertite found in southern New Brunswick and northern Nova Scotia and the gas and oil produced from the Stony Creek field near Moncton, New Brunswick.Permian beds are exposed on the Island, mostly along sea-cliffs. A maximum thickness of about 5,000 feet of red beds -shales, sandstones and conglomerates -make up the sequence. Over most of the Island, the Permian section is much thinner. Four key wells (Mississippian tests) and several shallower tests have been drilled. The Pennsylvanian-Mississippian section thickens rapidly off the Port Hill Uplift at the northwest, where it is less than 4,600 feet thick, and continues to thicken to about 20,000 feet in the Cumberland Basin at the southeast. Geological and geophysical data combine to give us the structural picture of the deeper beds.Prospective reservoir rocks are primarily in the Missis-sippian Horton and Windsor groups. Prospects are:-1. on or over structural highs in the basement; 2. on anticlines or fault highs; 3. over or peripheral to salt domes or salt-core anticlines; 4. at truncation pinchouts of Mississippian prospective beds; 5. in basal sandstone or granite wash on the pre-Carboni-ferous basement; and 6. in facies traps at changes from sandstone to shale or porous to tight carbonate rocks."

Jan 1, 1967

By Lv Guozhi, Niu Liping, Liu Yan, Zhang Zhiqi, He Jicheng, Zhang Ting’an, Dou Zhihe

"CuCr alloy can be extensively used as contact materials in integrated circuit, electrodes, electric contact and high strength conductor. We proposed thermit reduction-electroslag remelting method of preparing the large scale CuCr alloy. But there are pores and oxide inclusions in CuCr alloy prepared by thermit reduction process. This paper studied mainly the effects of ratio of reactant and additive on the inclusion type and their occurrences in CuCr alloy. The slags and CuCr alloy were characterized respectively by XRD and SEM. The results show that when the additive is Na3AlF6, the slag consist of Al2O3 and Cr. When the additive is CaF2, the slag consist of Al2O3, Cr, CaF2 and CaAl4O7. The inclusions in CuCr alloy are mainly Al2O3 and pores which disperse in Cu-rich zone and Cu-Cr phase interface. When 5% CaF2 and 5% KClO3 are added, there are fewer pores and inclusions, and the more better microstructure.1 IntroduceCuCr alloy is the contact terminal material with an eximious properties[1,2], which gradually replaces CuBi alloy becoming the first choice for contact terminal material in the medium and high power vacuum switch after the 1970s. The traditional preparation methods of CuCr alloy mainly contain powder metallurgy, infiltration process and vacuum electric arc melting methods. But the above methods exist some shortcomings, such as poor product quality, high cost of production, processes complex ect[3-9]. CuCr alloy is made by the thermit reduction self-propagating method, which uses CuO, Cr2O3 and Al as raw material to get the high-temperature melt, and then casts to manufacture CuCr alloy ingot, which response equation follows as:"

Jan 1, 2012

By Y. A. Chang, J. Woodford, C. R. Kao

Reactive diffusion studies between NbC and Si were carried out at 1300 °C under a vacuum of 10-5 torr and a uniaxial pressure of 1 MPa. The annealing time ranged from 8 to 100 hours. The Si used was single crystal silicon; the NbC was hot-pressed powder compact. A NbSi2+SiC two-phase reaction layer formed with NbSi2 as the matrix and SiC as discontinuous particles. The microstructure of the reaction product is homogeneous, dense, and fine. The NbSi2 grain size and SiC particle size are in the micron range. The growth of the reaction products follows parabolic kinetics. Extrapolation of the data to zero thickness suggests an apparent incubation time of 3.5 hours. However, for short annealing time «60 hours), the thickness data can be approximated by linear kinetics with an initial growth rate of about 2 11m/hr. Based on these experimental observations, a growth mechanism for the reactive diffusion between Si single crystal and NbC powder compact is proposed. We propose that the nucleation sites for the SiC particles are at the voids of the NbC powder compact. This proposed nucleation mechanism offers a potential way of controlling the SiC particle size by changing the void size and void density of the NbC powder compact. This hypothesis, if proven to be true, will allow us to control mechanical properties of the composites by tailoring the SiC particles formed. It is also pointed out that the microstructure requires Si to be the dominant diffusing species and to diffuse through the reaction layer, while Nb and Conly have to undergo local rearrangement.

Jan 1, 1996

By McHenry Mosier

This paper describes the practice in diamond drilling blast holes and discusses the relative merits of this method as compared with drilling by percussion rock-drills at eastern magnetite mine A. The rooke that were drilled included: (1) Gneiss; (2) sohist; (3) crystalline limestone; and (4) granular masses of magnetite. The principal stoping methods were: (1) Sublevel open stoping and (2) inclined room-and-pillar. Diamond drilling was used in the sublevel stopes and in some of the large pillars in an old section of the mine. Experimental work on diamond drilling blast holes began in 1943. Drill- ing proved difficult owing to the occurrence of fingers of extremely hard barren rock in the magnetite ore. All diamond drilling was contracted to a firm that furnished everything necessary for drilling except compressed air and water. In most instances the diamond-drill machine is clamped directly to a 3.5-inch column to reduce vibration. For drilling in floor pillars in open stopes, the drill was set on a demountable, sectionalized steel, frame with four legs carrying a 20-foot, 3.5-inch, extra-heavy pipe. "Both coring and noncoring bits were tried. In holes drilled with a cor- ing bit, the core was ground into sludge as the bit advanced so that it was unnecessary to delay drilling for pulling core. Data on tests with several types of bits are given as well as some oper- ating results. A direct comparison of costs between diamond drilling and percussion drilling was not available. The advantages of diamond drilling blast holes at mine A included: (1) Safer working conditions in open stopes. (2) The recovery of additional ore. (3) A reduction in the amount of stops development.

Dec 1, 1946

By C. A. Herbert

We all deplore the high accident rate of our coal mines, but when brought to task we immediately attempt to appease our conscience by calling attention to the high tonnage rate per fatality in American coal mines as compared to European mines, losing sight of the fact that the accident rate per hours of exposure has shown no improvement during the past twenty years. Measuring our accidents in terms of hours of exposure, not in terms of production, is the only correct method. Certainly it can be of only scant satisfaction to the miner to know that his chances of getting killed this year are as great, or perhaps greater, than last year, but the tonnage rate per fatality will have gone up. We cannot help asking ourselves why it is the other major industries, almost without exception, have made wonderful strides toward reducing accidents, while coal mining stands alone as the one major industry in which no improvement has been made. It certainly cannot be charged entirely to the increased use of machinery and the increased productivity per man employed, as the other industries likewise, or to an even greater extent, have increased the use of machinery and the production per man.

Jan 1, 1931

"Chairman: Professor C. O. Frush Rapporteur: Mr A. C. SchmidtPapers:Planning of underground copper mining by J. K. Williams, L. Smith and M. P. WellsLinear programming models of copper leach and solvent extraction plants by W. P. C. Duyvesteyn, J. R. Cutland and J. R. L. RusselPlanning and forecasting stope production by D. W. Kappes and P. F. X. Moussett-JonesA proposed method of dynamic ore reserve assessment for a caving system of mining by A. F. Spinks and S. P. NicholsThe initial point made by Mr L. Smith in presenting his paper was that the planning aid outlined in the preprint was neither sophisticated nor complicated. However, it was a system which worked and was a very real way in which the computer was being used to assist miners, in particular, who at the present moment have very little experience in the use of computers.Mr Smith apologised for the fact that the editors of the paper had eliminated all reference to 'time'. This was very unfortunate because the essence of the system was that it saved time, which was one of the main points made in the paper.The operations being planned by this means cover the Rokana orebody which is a stratiform body mined by open stoping.The planner has to decide how much ore to mine from each base in each time period of his plan, that is, from three to four months hence to a year ahead. Normal procedure is for the planner to have discussions with the underground manager on some of the information he requires. The sort of information needed is (i) tramming limits for each face, (ii) extraction and grade factors, (iii) the present status of mining operations so that the planner knows where to start the new plan, and, (iv) details of any other mining consider¬ations that need to be incorporated in the plan.The objective at this point is to produce an initial plan for discussion purposes. All the information required comes from one sheet per stops and shows, inter alia, the stope identifier, the length along strike, the ore tonnage, the copper and cobalt grades and, finally, the extraction and grade factors.The program itself, among many other things, checks the data for validity, compatibility, completeness and credibility and prints error messages accordingly. Output from this system is in the form of a summary of production from each face, as well as giving the figures of ore reserve depletion. This summary indicates which slopes are to be mined in this time period, the original survey grades (copper and cobalt), the estimated production grades, how much is to be mined from each stope and the copper and cobalt production accordingly."

Jan 1, 2014

Results of direct shear tests on rock discontinuities and triaxial compression tests on intact rocks are presented and - discussed. The main parameters considered area stress functions, angle of internal friction and cohesion variations. Primary objective of this work is to determine relationships that adequately describe the rock behaviour for design of mining excavations, while still maintaining a certain degree of simplicity.

Jan 1, 1987

By C. D. Wiseman

THE concept of alloying to increase the strength of metals originated during the bronze age. However, at the present time there is no single theory capable of explaining all of the observed strengthening effects of alloying elements on the mechanical properties. In general, it may be said that solid solutions are stronger than the pure metal and that the strengthening effect increases with increasing alloy content. Various theories for solution hardening have been proposed, the first of which was presented by Rosenhain who suggested that the alloying elements roughened the slip planes, thereby requiring a higher stress to initiate slip. Recent work by French and Hibbard2 confirmed Norbury's3 conclusion that those alloying elements which cause a greater change in lattice parameter have larger effects on hardness. However, a given change in lattice parameter produced by different alloying elements does not cause the same change in hardness. A further refinement was suggested by Dorn, Pietrokowski, and Tietz4 who considered differences in valence between the solute and solvent with the change in lattice parameter to explain the plastic properties of aluminum alloys. Allen, Schofield, and Tate5 further investigated the valency contribution to solution strengthening by testing some copper-base solid-solution alloys having constant electron densities. Tensile tests performed on these alloys gave identical stress-strain curves even though the atomic size effect, which varied by a factor of two, was neglected. The advent of dislocation theory6-8 provided a new and powerful tool capable of explaining many phenomena of plastic deformation and indicated new approaches to solution hardening. The basic con- cept of recent theories is that solution hardening is not due to stresses associated with randomly dispersed solute atoms, but rather to a nonuniform distribution of the solute. This conclusion was reached by consideration of the effective tension present on each dislocation line and the ability of a dislocation to pass an obstacle. cottrell suggested the possibility that the internal stresses due to randomly distributed solute atoms would offer essentially no resistance to the passage of dislocations. He reasoned that an edge dislocation may be considered as a rigid line discontinuity. As the dislocation moved through a crystal, the random stress fields would be equally distributed along its length. Since half of the stress fields would be acting to move the dislocation forward and the other half trying to move it back, the net effect on the dislocation would be zero. Thus the randomly distributed solute atoms would not contribute appreciably to solution strengthening. Mott and Nabarro10 considered the dislocation as a flexible, rather than a rigid, discontinuity. They obtained a simple model for a dislocation moving in a lattice having precipated particles, where the dislocation would actually bend around the obstacle until it would loop back onto itself to rejoin and then continue onward. Their work indicated that the minimum radius of curvature of the dislocation line, under the action of an external stress and in the region of an internal stress, would be such that the dislocation would be unable to pass through a matrix containing small closely spaced precipates by the looping process. The dislocations would tend to remain rather straight, approaching the condition of Cottrell's rigid dislocation. Hence, the strengthening must not be due to random solute atoms; however, it might be due to the concentration of atoms, either as clusters of like atoms or as short-range ordered regions, or to the concentration of solute atoms around dislocations. To date, four mechanisms of solution strength-

Jan 1, 1959

By Leandro de Almeida

Tiras e chapas de cobre e suas ligas possuem excelentes propriedades térmicas, elétricas e mecânicas simultaneamente e por isso podem ser utilizadas na fabricação de inúmeros produtos através de processos de conformação. Determinadas características devem ser analisadas na chapa antes mesmo do processo de manufatura, visando eliminar possíveis falhas durante as etapas de produção. Especificamente para o processo de repuxo profundo, faz-se necessário avaliar a possível formação de orelha e o possível afinamento da espessura da chapa durante a conformação. Sendo assim, o levantamento dos coeficientes de anisotropia planar ?r e o de anisotropia normal r são essenciais para se obter bons resultados nos processos de conformação. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a influência da deformação (e) na obtenção dos coeficientes ?r e r na liga UNS C22000, utilizada especificamente para a produção de projéteis A norma ASTM E 517 que apresenta a metodologia para se determinar esses coeficientes não especifica claramente qual e a ser utilizada. Os resultados alcançados não demonstram diferenças significativas com relação a e utilizada nos ensaios, ou seja, os coeficientes obtidos utilizando 0,10, 0,15 e 0,20 de deformação são os mesmos.

Aug 17, 2017

By M. Mbonimpa

Field experimental cells were constructed in 2007 to assess the performance of different cover scenarios for the reclamation of the Parc 1 tailings disposal facility at the Westwood-Doyon Mine site (Abitibi, Quebec). Three configurations of cover with capillary barrier effects (CCBEs) with different thicknesses and material types for the moisture retention layer (MRL) were studied. MRL with 80 cm till, 40 cm till, and 40 cm clayey silt were used for cell nos. 2, 3, and 5, respectively. The capillary barrier layer (CBL) and drainage and protection layer (DPL) of the CCBE consisted of 30 cm gravel. A reference cell without cover was also constructed to compare the geochemical performance of the CCBEs. Due to an unexpected flooding in the leachate exit area of the cells in spring 2008, the cell instrumentation for hydrogeotechnical monitoring was postponed to spring 2009. Changes with time in volumetric water content, suction, soil oxygen concentration, and temperature were measured at different depths. This paper presents and discusses preliminary results obtained from spring 2009 to autumn 2010. In all cases, the degree of saturation Sr is lower in the CBL than in the MRL, indicating the presence of capillary barrier effects at the interface of these layers. Cell nos. 2 and 5 showed hydrogeotechnical behavior typical of an effective CCBE, with Sr maintained above 85% in the MRL and lower than 30?50% in the DPL and CBL. Based on the obtained results, and as expected, MRL thickness and the type of construction material used appear to affect the hydrogeotechnical behavior of the CCBE. Oxygen concentration profiles through the CCBEs were used to estimate the oxygen flux, and results indicate that cell nos. 2 and 3 performed better than cell no. 3. CCBE performance is currently being investigated using the geochemical monitoring data.

Aug 1, 2013

By George Boulter

Draglines 8.2-1 Introduction. The nature and characteristics of rock and rock derivatives forming the crust of the earth vary so greatly from place to place that it is impossible to use the same numerical factors to show the, productive ability of excavating equipment on different jobs or projects. Factors for each project must be developed individually and applied as the conditions and requirements dictate. TYPES' OF DRAGLINES. Types of draglines are differentiated by the propelling method used and are generally divided into four classes, as follows: 1. Wagon mounted 3. Crawler mounted 2. Truck mounted 4. Walking Figure 8.2-1 shows a truck-mounted dragline. This type is considered to be the most mobile unit. In order to increase stability over the side, outriggers are installed as part of the truck chassis. This feature is not shown in .this figure. Figure 8.2-2 shows a crawler-mounted dragline. The long, wide crawlers are used to increase the stability and reduce the bearing pressure of this unit. These features allow for use of these units on surfaces too soft for the wagon- or truck-mounted types. Figure 8.2-3 shows a walking-type dragline. The large diameter tub and the well-supported boom through the gantry gives high stability for rugged works over a long life. BASIC PARTS OF A DRAGLINE. The basic parts of a dragline are illustrated in Fig. 8.2-4. A deck layout is shown in Fig. 8.2-5 with the main components named. OPERATION OF A DRAGLINE. Following is a description of the steps and controls present in a typical cycle of operation of a large dragline having independent hoist and drag motors. Starting the cycle with positioning the bucket on the ground under the point of the boom, the next step is

Jan 1, 1968

By Robert Lundquist

REAM is a unique method of rock breaking using high energy projectile impact. This report-describes the most recent in a series of tests demonstrating mining applications for the REAM method. In an underground limestone mine at Greer, West Virginia, REAM was used to drive a short tunnel and drill a large diameter borehole. Along with breakage data from these tests the goal of the program was to examine environmental problems which might result from the use of cannons under-ground. A total of 103 shots was used to advance a 14-l/2-feet high by 10-feet-wide face a distance of 5-1/2 feet. It is estimated that the 9.3-pound-concrete projectiles launched at 5000 feet per second will break an average of 0.78 tons of limestone or 67 percent of the 1.125 tons of granodiorite broken in previous tests. The 9-inch-diameter borehole was drilled horizontally by repeated axial impact for 7 feet, 2-1/2 inches by 21 shots giving an average of 4.12 inches per shot. Scaling this result to compressible impact energy yields an estimated 5.8 inches per shot for a 12.8-inch-diameter hole compared to 8 inches per ~hot for a 16-inch-diameter hole in granodiorite. Noise measurements indicate that a silenced cannon can be used within a few hundred feet of mine personnel in a room and pillar mine within the legal limit of 140 dB impulse without additional protection. Some fume measurements were made with satisfactory results, even though the military propellants used produce much greater quantities of toxic fumes than the liquid propellant proposed for the future.

Jan 1, 1976

By Yasuo Kudo, Wu, Hayato Sato, Hiroshi Nakazawa, Shouming

"In order to recover copper from a waste nickel condenser powder, bioleaching experiments were carried out using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in a shaking flask. The content of nickel and copper in the waste nickel condenser powder in this study were 8.0% and 3.5%. X ray analysis showed the peak of barium titanate. In the preliminary study using metal nickel and copper powders , the dissolutions of nickel and especially copper were accelerated with the addition of ferric iron in the bioleaching of nickel and copper powders while not in the absence of ferric iron. Ferric iron oxidizes both metals, and Thiobacillusferrooxidans oxidizes ferrous iron resulting from the oxidation of metals, whereby the dissolutions of metals proceeds. The dissolution rates of nickel and copper increased with increase in the concentration of ferric iron in the bioleaching of the waste nickel condenser powder.1. IntroductionNickel condensers rejected from manufacturing plants are crushed and landfilled. Waste nickel condensers contain nickel and copper and could be considered as nickel and copper ores. Since the capacity of landfills is diminishing, it is required to recycle metals of waste nickel condensers in order to reduce the amount of wastes landfilled. Conventionally, metals in the waste were recovered by dry metallurgy after the incineration.Nickel has been refined by solvent extraction - electrowinning method (SX-EW method). Recently the amount of copper refined by SX-EW method has increased (Takahashi, et al. 1994). This method is cleaner and consumes less energy than conventional methods. Nickel dissolved well in acid solutions, but copper is not. If copper is leached efficiently from a waste nickel condenser powder, SX-EW method will be applied to recover copper from them"

Jan 1, 2000

By A. Eilers

The use of the bag-house for filtering out fumes produced in certain metallurgical operations is not new in America. There are no patents in force at this time, to my knowledge, which might hinder such use. Up to about 25 years ago the bag-house was only employed in connection with either zinc-works, which produced the oxides, to be sold for paint, or as an auxiliary in extracting lead from high-grade oxidized ores and from galena-concentrates in the Missouri and neighboring lead-regions; this work being then done in the Scotch or American hearths and in very low slag-furnaces, in all of which was produced an excessive amount of oxides which were also finally sold as paints. The literature1 on the above is abundant in text-books and periodical publications. The first large bag-house to be used permanently in connection with lead blast-furnaces was erected, as far as I am aware, about 1887 at the Globe smelting Co.'s works at Denver, Colo., under the Lewis-Bartlett patents. The brick flue, running from the blast-furnaces to the bag-house, was only a few

Jan 1, 1913

By Jonathan Bishop, Jacob Croall, Wilder Sánchez

El presente trabajo logra demostrar que los efluentes ácidos mineros se pueden tratar directamente a través de membranas de Osmosis Inversa (OI), logrando cumplir con los más altos estándares de calidad de agua tanto Nacionales como Internacionales. Este es un uso Innovador de la tecnología de membranas para el tratamiento de aguas acidas de minería.

Sep 29, 2023

By H. E. McKinstry

LIKE nearly everything else, mining geology has been reconverting. Many geologists had been in military and other government service. Many more, with mining companies, had been working primarily toward increasing production from known reserves. All of these are turning now toward their normal peacetime endeavor-the search for new ore; for most mining companies, finding themselves with accumulated deficits in development work, are more than ready to go ahead with their postwar plans made a year or more ago but still stalled at the close of 1945 for lack of man power. These plans include not merely development in the old home camp but also wide exploration for new prospects both domestic and foreign. Most of the large concerns have geologists and engineers in the field in the United States, despite the outlook for higher mining costs here, and at least half a dozen strong American companies are already investigating opportunities abroad, notwithstanding past unhappy experiences in certain Latin-American nations which have welcomed capital but later found means of preventing investors from reaping the reward of their enterprise. A few of these new foreign expeditions are following well-planned programs, but too many, in their haste to get any sort of footing, are proceeding without well-considered policy. with the result that their geologists can do little more than desultory scouting.

Jan 1, 1946