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By S Gossmann, J Barlow, S Denner

"Unconventional gas resources, including coal seam gas (CSG) reservoirs, can be located above and below aquifers that provide groundwater for agricultural, industrial, urban and other uses. Development of these resources may, therefore, lead to potential impacts on groundwater supply.Management of reservoir/aquifer interconnections necessitates a program of focused data acquisition. For example, groundwater transfer from shallow aquifers to underlying CSG reservoirs may occur where CSG-containing units subcrop beneath shallow aquifers, possibly at significant distances from operating wells.Arrow Energy is undertaking studies of connectivity between aquifers including an investigation in collaboration with the Queensland Office of Groundwater Impact Assessment to evaluate connectivity between the Condamine Alluvium (CA) and CSG-containing Walloon Coal Measures (WCM).The Condamine Valley hosts highly productive agricultural land with groundwater resources heavily utilised for irrigation. Water demand outstrips available supply and groundwater has been subject to restrictions on further development since the early 1970s. Developments that could have an additional impact on groundwater resources in the CA are of major concern to local landholders. This paper describes: planned field investigations at two sites: 1. Stratheden, where pumping from the WCM will be undertaken 2. Daleglade, where pumping from the CA will occur how the data to be collected from field investigations will be used to refine predictions of flux between the CA and the WCM.CITATION:Denner, S, Gossmann, S and Barlow, J, 2013. Planned field investigation of connectivity between the Condamine Alluvium and Walloon Coal Measures, in Proceedings Water in Mining 2013, pp 91-98 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

Nov 26, 2013

By R. B. McIntosh, S Ramanchuk

A brief description is given of the process used by Sherritt Gordon Mines Limited to recover cobalt metal from nickel-cobalt sulphides. A description of the equipment with the operating conditions is presented with an evaluation of the corrosion test results for various stainless steels and other acid resistant materials for the part of the process involving the sulphuric acid leaching of nickel-cobalt sulphide slurry under air pressure. SINCE 1954 the Sherritt Gordon ammonia leach process has been used at Fort Saskatchewan to recover nickel metal, copper sulphides and cobalt-nickel sulphides from nickel concentrate produced at Lynn Lake, Manitoba. 'To develop a process for recovering cobalt and nickel from the cobalt-nickel sulphides, studies were carried out in the Sherritt Gordon laboratory and pilot plant and, late in 1957, continuous acid leaching of sulphides was started in the refinery. In September 1958 the present equipment

Jan 1, 1961

By A. Iván, Patiño C. Francisco, Flores B. Javier, Peréz L. Miguel, Hernandez A. Juan, Trapála P. Norma, Salinas R. Eleazar, Rivera L. Isauro, G. Flores, U. Mizraim

"Tills work is related with the production of tiles using wastes from mining and metallurgical industry of Hidalgo State, as raw material. These wastes present a majority particle size (60 %), minor than 53 m (mesh 270, in Tyler Series) with the following composition; 70.01 % wt. of Si02, 12.82 % wt. of Ah03, 3.80 % wt. of Fe, 0.70 % wt. of Mn, 3.98 % wt. ofK20, 3.34 % wt. of CaO, 2.50 % wt. ofNa20, 0.04 % wt. of Zn, 0.026 % wt. of Pb, 56 grams per ton of Ag and 0.6 grams per ton of Au. In this work, the partial results and experimental conditions for the preparation of some composites to produce tiles are shown. The composite that offers the best results in productions of tiles was that with 66.67 % wt. of mining waste, 26.67 % wt. of red mud and 6.67 % wt. of black mud.IntroductionTo now, mining activities carried out during more than 457 years in Hidalgo State, Mexico; has lead a great volume of wastes; which can be classified into different types, having among the more common; Acid mining water, solid transport water, elements in radical form, abandoned minerals without processing and processing minerals wastes known as burrows, being these the most abundant in the region counting with an approximated volume of 110 million of tons, presenting a fine particle size that can affect population health during windy epochs [1 -4].Form metallurgical point of view, is well known that a fundamental characterization study it is necessary to know the viability of reusing or recycling of these wastes. According this, these residues can also be considered as raw materials in other economical activities, due its Si, Fe, AI, Ca, Na and P oxides contents, its mineralogy and the distribution of chemical elements in the primary and secondary phases [1,2,5,6]."

Jan 1, 2012

By L N. Loganathan

Risk exposure in tunnel projects is extremely high due to various factors such as variability of subsurface conditions, selection of inappropriate design and tunnelling methods, improper risk assessment on adjacent surface and subsurface structures and utilities, and inadequate contractual practices. The risks in tunnelling must be borne by the contractor, designer and the owner of a tunnelling project. There have been a number of improvements in the last ten to 15 years in the manner in which tunnel projects are developed and implemented in terms of their design, construction, financing and operations. One significant improvement has been the manner in which underground conditions and their risks are being managed. Owners are less willing to transfer the full responsibility to the contractor for managing the underground conditions, although this is a familiar manner in which underground major urban projects have been previously contracted and managed. The owners of tunnel projects in Singapore have advanced the risk management process for their projects through geotechnical interpretative baseline reports (GIBRs), geotechnical data reports (GDRs) and project specifications (PSs). This paper discusses industry practice and its development as well as the application during the preparation and use in Singapore on the Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS) and the Marina Coastal Expressway (MCE) project in Singapore. The DTSS trunk sewer is 48 km and ranges from 3.3 m to 6 m finished diameter up to 50 m below the ground. The underground conditions ranged from Old Alluvium, strengths of about 1 MPa to competent Bukit Tima granite, with strengths of over 230 MPa. The total route length of the MCE is about 5 km. About 3.6 km will be constructed underground, consisting of dual five-lane carriageways. The underground construction will be cut-and-cover, and 2.6 km will be constructed about 13 m underground, and 1 km of tunnel will range from 13 m to 24 m as the tunnel passes under a 420 m wide reach of Marina Bay, whose crossing will be constructed as a two-phase cofferdam.

Jan 1, 2008

By Wallace W. Roepke

The Bureau of Mines determined coal-cutting forces and primary dust generation of four styles of radial gage bits as used on end rings of continuous mining machines. Direct comparisons for reference were made with two widely used conical plumb-bob types having 60' and 90' (nominal) included tip angles. The cutting forces for all of the gage bits were similar to those of the 60°-tip plumb-bob bit. All bits except the RAD-3 gage bit generated similar amounts of primary total dust at shallow cutting, but during deeper cutting, the amounts varied and the gage bits produced as much as 2-1/2 times the dust produced by the 60° bit. This seems atypical since past experience has always shown differences in dust generation at shallow cutting. The specific energy was more like that found previously with other bits, since the values were spread at shallow cutting but became nearly similar at deeper cuts. The 90° bit and the RAD-3 gage bit are not recommended for use except in extremely difficult cutting conditions where dust and forces are of secondary importance. The choice among the remaining four bits can be made on the basis of dust, energy, forces, or cost, as circumstances dictate.

Jan 1, 1983

Workers at the Consolidated Aluminum Corp. primary aluminum smelter at Lake Charles, LA walked out at midnight March 31 when their contract expired. Management personnel operated the smelter and prebaked carbon anode facilities until an agreement for a new 3-year contract was reached April 18. The Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) began operations at its can recycling facility at Taylor, MS. The facility can process 3 million pounds per month of aluminum and steel cans. Alcoa announced plans to increase the capacity of its aluminum paste and flake production plant at Logan's Ferry, PA by 50 percent. Completion was scheduled for mid-1980.

Jan 1, 1979

Lead Tariff.--The full House Ways and Means Committee approved H.R. 6089 which will have the effect of reducing the tariff on unwrought lead to 3% ad valorem, with a floor duty of 1.0625 cents per pound, compared with the currently effective rate of 3.5% ad valorem. Consideration is also being given to tariff rates on imports of red lead and litharge from Mexico. A consortium of domestic producers has appealed to the Office of the Special Trade Representative (STR) requesting a return to tariff schedules which were in effect prior to the concessions made effective on January 1. Mexican producers have filed a proposal in favor of lower duties, and the matter now awaits a ruling by the STR. Ferrous Scrap Exports.--After holding public hearings and receiving public comments in May, the Department of Commerce announced that it would not institute formal monitoring of ferrous scrap exports, as requested by the Ferrous Scrap Consumers Coalition. The Department said, however, that it would follow the trend of scrap exports and prices. Ferrous scrap prices are currently low and supplies are reported to be adequate.

Jan 1, 1980

By E. J. Matson

Under the investigation for critical and strategic minerals the Kaiser mine, formerly the Baxter fluorspar property, in northeastern Mineral County, Nev., was explored. The work comprised excavating 32 trenches averaging 90 feet in length, 8 feet in width, and 1 1/2 feet in depth. The trenches were excavated across the strike of the ore body to enable the engineer to spot the diamond-drill holes; 7 such holes were drilled, aggregating 3,276 linear feet. A total of 20 core samples and 107 sludge samples was taken. The work under this program indicated that the fluorspar southwest of the deposit extended laterally and also at depth at least 250 feet below the 400-foot level. INTRODUCTION The Kaiser fluorspar deposit is in the northeastern portion of Mineral County, Nev. Mining was begun about 1928, and the property has been a consistent producer of both Acid- and Metallurgical-grade fluorspar. The mineralized zone has been developed along a strike length of about 2,000 feet and to a depth of over 700 feet along the dip.

Jan 1, 1957

By Seth C. Schaefer

The Bureau of mines investigated thermodynamic properties of MnSO4 and 2CdO CdSO4 to obtain basic thermodynamic data applicable to the treatment of mineral concentrates during roasting and sintering processes. Standard Gibbs energies of formation were determined with high-temperature galvanic cells using stabilized Zr02 as the electrolyte. Potential measurements were obtained from the cells?

Jan 1, 1983

By William H. Pomroy

Fires in underground metal and nonmetal mines pose a threat to the safety of underground miners and to the productive capacity of this Nation's mines. Contaminated air (smoke, carbon monoxide, and other products of combustion) is the primary life safety hazard created by a mine fire. The most reliable defense against the hazard posed by the rapid spread of contaminated air underground is early warning fire detection and rapid evacuation. This Bureau of Mines report describes the design and operation of four prototype early warning fire detection systems, for underground noncoal mines, presently undergoing prolonged in-mine testing by the Bureau. The systems are described within the context of the underground mine environment.

Jan 1, 1985

By C. Özgen Karacan

Gamma ray, density, sonic and core logs obtained from two boreholes drilled over a longwall panel in Southwestern (SW) Pennsylvania were analyzed for formation boundaries, log-derived porosities and densities and for rock elastic properties from sonic transit times. Gamma ray (GR) and density logs (DL) were analyzed using univariate statistical techniques and fractal statistics for similarity and ordering of the log data in depth. A Fourier transformation with low-pass filter was used as a noise elimination (filtering) technique from the original logs. Filtered data was tested using basic univariate and fractal statistics, rescaled range (R/S) and power spectrum (PS) analysis to compare the information characteristics of the filtered logs with the original data. The randomness of log data in depth was analyzed for fractional Gaussian noise (fGn) or fractional Brownian motion (fBm) character. A new prediction technique using radial basis function (RBF) networks was developed to calculate shear and Young?s moduli of the formations when sonic logs are not available. For this approach, the filtered logs were used as input to an RBF based upon a combination of supervised and unsupervised learning. The network was trained and tested using rock elastic properties calculated from the sonic log of one of the boreholes. The network was used to predict the elastic and shear moduli of the coal-measure rocks over a longwall coal mine in SW Pennsylvania. This approach demonstrated that it could be used for prediction of elastic and shear moduli of coal-measure rocks with reasonable accuracy.

Jan 1, 2009

By Richard N. Spencer

This report describes investigations of the economic merits of multiple zone mining and beneficiation versus selective mining of altered Western phosphate rock. The same deposit was considered in both instances and it was assumed that the grade of selectively mined ore was comparable to the grade of the concentrate from beneficiation. The beneficiating scheme used for the investigation was one proved by small continuous circuit operation. All economic factors were found to favor multiple zone mining plus beneficiation. Capital requirements and production costs were lower, and production life of the deposit was extended 4.5 times. The concentrate from beneficiation would be a uniform high-quality feed for acidulation and would be low in stable metallic oxide (R203) content. Such a feed would permit improved plant operating control, and the low R203 would promote more rapid filtration and minimize sludge formation in the phosphoric acid. With the proposed treatment, the concentrate produced by flotation from this deposit would cost about 1.5 times as much per ton as the concentrate produced by classification sizing. Therefore, inclusion of a flotation step in treatment schemes requires an economic analysis for each ore deposit.

Jan 1, 1971

By Thomas Leonard Watson

I. HISTORICAL. BARITE has been mined for many years in various parts of Virginia, probably the earliest mining-operations being in Prince William county, within 600 ft. of the Fauquier county line, about 4 miles south of east from Catlett, a station on the Southern Railway. It is claimed that the mineral was mined here as early as 1845. Mining-operations in Campbell and Pittsylvania counties in the Piedmont region, and near Marion in Smyth county, in the southwest Virginia Valley region, were begun about 30 years ago. The mining and milling of barite on a commercial scale in Tazewell and Russell counties are more recent, and commenced about 15 years ago. II. GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION. Barite occurs in many counties in the State, as shown in Fig. 1, but the industry has been confined to only a few of them. Its occurrence is noted in two of the three major divisions of the State-namely, the Piedmont region east of the Blue Ridge, and the Paleozoic area west of the Blue Ridge. In the Piedmont region the mineral has been mined in the following counties:, Bedford, Campbell, Louisa, Prince William, and Pittsylvania. In the region west of the Blue Ridge, composed of Paleozoic sediments, barite has been mined in Montgomery, Russell, Smyth, and Tazewell counties. Of the counties mentioned, Bedford, Campbell, and Pittsylvania of the Piedmont region, and Russell, Smyth, and Tazewell of the Valley region, have been the principal producers. In 1906, operations were confined to five counties-Bedford, Louisa, Pittsylvania, Russell, and Tazewell-but in the first two counties named there was no production, the work being solely development.

Jan 9, 1907

By Lewis Robert M.

The importance of phosphate in feeding the people of the world has been recognized by mining companies as they continue their search for new ore deposits and ways of improving phosphate production. An extensive phosphate-recovery research project involving investigation of beneficiation variables by batch testing, flotation pilot-plant processing of the major portion of the ore, gravity separation of the coarse fraction, and recovery of byproduct heavy minerals of a North Carolina phosphate deposit has been completed. Data obtained through batch tests enabled the development of an economical flowsheet which proved successful for the efficient recovery of a good quality phosphate concentrate in a pilot plant.

Jan 1, 1975

By M. C. Bekker, T. Govindasamy

The potential benefits of implementing the Last Planner System (LPS) on mining infrastructure projects were explored through two case studies in the South African mining industry. The first part of the study involved measurement of the impact of LPS through earned value techniques on secondary project data. The second part sought to establish the lean construction success factors leading to improvements in construction performance. This was done by means of a research questionnaire distributed to the project owner’s teams, contracted parties, and the LPS facilitators. The results revealed a positive correlation between LPS application and planned percentage complete. However, the performance achieved during the LPS pilot was not sustained. The success factors and benefits considered most evident in the case study pilot differed among the three stakeholder groups. The findings are expected to guide construction stakeholders to better define performance measures and focus on factors required to make LPS implementation more effective in the South African mining sector.

Feb 12, 2024

By Patrick van der Schaaf

"During 2016, foundation piling works were completed to allow for the construction of a production and storage/handling terminal in Rotterdam. It is there that steel foundations will be produced for offshore wind farms and the oil and gas industry. Several Dutch contracting companies were involved in constructing: foundations for an assembly hall, a barge quay and a deep-sea quay wall. For the hall foundations, cast in situ concrete vibro piles were created. Open ended steel casing piles were also installed due to very high cone resistances which made it impossible to perform cast in situ piles in certain areas. The quay wall was constructed with open ended steel casing piles in combination with sheet piles. A deep-sea quay wall was also constructed to provide enough storage area for the offshore mono piles. This project was unique and challenging due to the use of different foundation technologies in challenging circumstances and soil conditions. This paper will give an insight into the Dutch use of varying foundation piling techniques for deep-sea quay wall constructions. It can be concluded that even experienced local contractors can be surprised by variations in soil conditions. It will also show how the contractors adapted to the difficult circumstances.PROJECT OUTLINEThe project consisted of a barge quay near the assembly hall with a length of 500 metres, width of 42 metres and a height of 35 metres, and a deep-sea quay wall 480 metres in length. This paper concentrates on the foundation works for the construction of the deep-sea quay wall. The construction of the deep-sea quay wall consisted of a combination of open ended steel casing piles with a diameter of Ø 1420 mm and a wall thickness varying between 21 and 23 mm. The lengths of the steel casing piles varied between 32 and 37 metres. Between the steel casing piles triple PU 28 sheet piles were installed with lengths varying between 26 and 29 metres. In the Netherlands, a combination of open ended steel piles and sheet piles is known as a “combi wall”. For the deep-sea quay wall a steel combi wall was shored with steel H- section profiles that were driven in a raked position whilst being injected with grout, so called MV-piles. The MV piles for this project consisted of steel HEB 600 sections with lengths from 52 up to 59 metres and were installed with angles varying between 42.5 and 47.5 degrees. For a detailed overview regarding the project specifications reference is made to table 1 which is presented below."

Jan 1, 1900

By Y. Xi

This paper offers an algorithm to determine the optimal panel size with the objective of minimizing the overall stripping cost. The approach is presented both in analytical form for regular layers of coal and overburden, and in graphical form for the cases of irregular and multiple coal seams. When the optimal panel width needs to be changed due to some circumstance, we prove in general that increasing the panel width is better than reducing it in both economics and operational efficiency.

Jan 1, 1994

By F. Brost

In 1976, a decision was made to install a conveying system to transport ore 10.3 km (6.4 miles) from the new Eisenhower Partnership Mine to Twin Buttes. The system, supplied and installed by Cable Belt Limited, of England, represents a radical departure from conventional conveyor systems. The driving tension is applied through two endless wire ropes while the belt acts only as the carrying medium. Features of the system are a single 2240 kw (3000 hp) drive and a 60° angle bend. Construction was completed in two years. Full production was attained after several months' operation.

Jan 1, 1979

By K Sanematsu

"An EXTENDED ABSTRACT is available for download. A full-length paper was not prepared for this presentation. Ore deposits of rare earth elements (REE) in South-East Asia are classified into four types: carbonatite, allanite, ion-adsorption and placer. Occurrences of the carbonatite deposits are confined almost exclusively to the Red River Fault Zone of northern Vietnam. Since the carbonatites contain dominantly REE fluorocarbonates (eg bastnasite) and lesser amounts of monazite, they are rich in light REE but poor in heavy REE. The ion-adsorption type deposits and prospects were found in Myanmar, Vietnam and Thailand. The ion-adsorption ores generally show lower REE grades than those of the carbonatite type and placer deposits; however, they could be enriched in HREE, which are more precious and scarce commodities than LREE. The ores consist of weathered granites with a significant amount of ion-exchangeable REE, which are extracted by using a dilute electrolyte solution. The ion-exchangeable REE are likely to be sourced from REE fluorocarbonates, allanite and titanite because these minerals are relatively susceptible to weathering and release REE3+ ions into soil water. In contrast, monazite and xenotime are resistant to chemical weathering and could form placer ores. Placer monazite and xenotime have been processed as by-products of placer Sn, Zr or Ti in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia, although the current production is small.CITATION:Sanematsu, K, 2015. Rare earth element deposits and prospective areas in South-East Asia, in Proceedings PACRIM 2015 Congress, pp 671–678 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

Mar 18, 2015

By G. S. Scott

[In the course of the investigation the Bureau of Mines is carrying on to determine the causes, behavior, and control of mine fires, the detection of incipient heating underground in the mines and above ground in refuse banks has received consideration. A report has been published5/ describing apparatus and tests made on anthracite to determine the amount and composition of the a oxidation products when normal dry air was passed through it at temperatures varrying from 100° to 350° C. These tests showed that the amount of evolved gases and their relative proportions varied with the temperature. From these results, graphs were prepared by which the temperature at which the coal was oxidized could be estimated thus giving a possible means of detecting incipient heating.]

Jan 1, 1938