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SEC. 1. This Institute is incorporated under the Membership Corporations law of the State of New York; its corporate name is American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, Inc.; and its abbreviated title A. I. M. E. SEC. 2. The objects of this Institute, as set forth in its certificate of incorporation, are: "To promote the arts and sciences connected with the economic production of the useful minerals and metals, and the welfare of those employed in these industries by all lawful means; to hold meetings for social intercourse and the reading and discussion of professional papers, and to circulate by means of publications among its members the information thus obtained, and to establish and maintain a place for meeting of its members, and a hall for the reading of papers and delivery of addresses, and a library of books relating to subjects cognate to the sciences and arts of mining and metallurgy."

Jan 1, 1932

Mrs. W. Y. Westervelt, Director of the New York Section, reports an interesting meeting at her house- on May 12. Dr. Cecile Griel, special worker of the division for work among foreign-born women of the National Board of the Y. W. C. A., spoke. As the Americanization Committee under Mrs. Scobey is planning an energetic campaign, Dr. Griel's stirring appeal was timely and suggestive. While Dr. Griel cited the usual avenues of approach to our alien population through the school children, the needs of the baby, sewing classes, English classes, etc., her especial appeal was for correct psychology on the part of the workers. She deplored the condescension, implied or expressed, so often manifest in persons attempting Americanism, work and emphasized many times the importance of an understanding heart and mind. At the close Mrs. Scobey brought forward plans for practical work to be done by the New York women, of which I hope to give some details next month.

Jan 7, 1919

By Arthur Notmon

WORLD production of the three major nonferrous metals, copper, lead, and zinc, in 1939 will aggregate about 6,050;000 tons, compared with the all-time peak of 6,237,944 tons in 1937, and the previous peak of 5,679,442 tons in 1929. The United States will furnish 30.9 per cent of the total compared with 30.4 per cent in 1937 and 41.3 per cent in 1929. Table 1 gives the details of the three metals.

Jan 1, 1940

By K. Kobayashi, K. Ueda, K. Yamaguchi

Lead concentrates from Kuroko (black ore) mines, which contain 4-7% Cu, 55% Pb, 3-777, Zn, and 0.5-0.9% As, are pretreated by a hydrometallurgical process before electric furnace smelting with other lead resources from Kuroko. The hydrometallurgical pretreatment involves sulfuric acid leaching in the first stage and ferric leaching in the second stage. This paper describes the short history of lead recovery from Kuroko and the performance of laboratory tests and pilot plant and commercial operations.

Jan 1, 1985

By Joseph D. Weeks

FIFTY-eight years and a day, full of labor, of achievement and of honor had been completed when, at Pittsburgh, on the 5th day of May, 1892, the wheels of a life that had but just before lost its inspiration stood still, and the work here of William Powell Shinn was at an end. Born at Burlington, N. J., May 4,1834, he received such an education (and it was. the only school education he ever had) as the public

Jan 1, 1893

THE following letter from the Rector of Louvain University, addressed to Mr. Adams and the other delegates of the Founder Societies, will be of interest to members of the Institute. It is my duty, in the name of the University of Louvain and in my own personal name, to thank you and the representatives of the Founder Societies of the "United Engineering Society" for the very kind letter of congratulations which you sent to me from Brussels on the 5th of July.

Jan 1, 1928

By John Griffen

DURING the past year, purchases of coal-preparation equipment and the discussions and plant-scale tests conducted indicate that much attention is being given to better recoveries of coal by preparation plants and improved quality of the finer sizes to widen their market. In the anthracite regions the new equipment was predominantly for the cleaning of the steam sizes, much of it for treating No. 4 and No. 5 buckwheat. The units installed were largely coal-washing tables, Hydrotators, and Menzies cone separators.

Jan 1, 1944

US 4,185,872-In the solution mining of uranium values from a subterranean uranium ore deposit, a lixiviant comprising sodium sulfate or other alkali metal sulfate and optionally minor proportions of an alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate and an alkali metal hypochlorite is introduced into the ore to solubilize uranium therein. The pregnant lixiviant is recovered for processing. E.T. Habib, Jr., assigned to Mobil Oil Corp. Jan. 29, 1980. 5 pp (299-4). Filed- 8-18-78 (934,933).

Jan 1, 1982

By R. Walker, R. J. Anslow

Today at Tampa we see the end results of a team effort: A vital link in an intermodal transportation system, the link that enables the unit-train concept to be employed with full effectiveness and the link that improves the economics of water transportation systems. Two new phosphate transfer complexes with a multi- million ton annual capacity are in operation in Tampa, Fla. Revolutionary in concept, these companion installations represent a total investment in the Tampa Bay area of $18.5 million.

Jan 1, 1970

[ASSETS Equity in Engineering Societies Building $491,642.36 Books in Library 40,000.00 Investments: Life Membership Fund $ 16,381.18 James Douglas Library Fund 99,999.36 Robert W. Hunt Fund 7,497.33 J. E. Johnson, Jr. Fund 3,000.00 James Douglas Medal Fund 3,250.00 General Reserve Fund 13,896.75 144,024.62 Cash 47,467.02 Paper on hand 5,253.83 Accounts Receivable 1,124.49 Supplies on hand 163.84 $729,676.16] [ ]

Jan 1, 1925

By R. J. Block, G. H. Kehl

IN order to investigate the possibility of a spontaneous low-temperature transformation, resistivity measurements were made on a sample of eutectoid beryllium- copper. A cast specimen of 5.965 pct Be, 94.035 pct Cu was homogenized at 650°C for 22 hr, furnace cooled to 550°C, and held for 2 hr to allow the 0 - a ß-a+? reaction to proceed. In an attempt to refine the ß grain size, the specimen was then reheated to 620°C, held

Jan 1, 1960

By Alvin Kaufman

ANTHRACITE mining in the United States is concentrated in a 480 sq mile section of north- eastern Pennsylvania. The producing area is broken up into four fields, known as the Northern, Southern, Eastern Middle and Western Middle fields. These areas represent intricately folded coal measures in synclinal residuals left by erosional forces. Destruction by erosion has eliminated some 95 pct of the original coal. However, discounting the 5 billion tons removed to date, 8 billion tons are believed to be still recoverable.

Jan 3, 1953

By S. K. Asunmaa, W. D. English, N. A. Tiner, W. A. Cannon

This paper discusses the reaction of metal surfaces with fluorine. Fluorination reactions result in the formation of metal fluoride films which are "passive" toward further reaction of the metal with fluorine. These films are very adherent, and do not easily detach from the substrate metal by mechanical flexing or thermal shock. Exposure of passive films to a humid atmosphere produces hydrated metal fluorides which cause secondary fluorination reactions upon reexpo-sure of the metal surface to fluorine. The surface films formed range from 10 to 30A in thickness and they pow at the expense of surface oxide films. The apparent film formation is completed rapidly in 15 to 30 min on stainless steel and nickel surfaces. On copper and on Monel surfaces, the film at first grows rapidly, then increases slowly over an extended period of time. Passive films are formed at all fluorine pressures in the range from 0.1 to 1.4 atm at room temperature. ALL metals react when exposed to fluorine. These reactions generally produce surface films which consist of metal fluorides. The rate of reaction is largely determined by the extent to which these films are protective. Although there is an extensive literature concerning reactions of oxygen with metals, there are very few investigations reported concerning fluorine-metal reactions. Brown, Crabtree, and ~uncan' investigated the kinetics of the reaction of gaseous fluorine with copper metal which had been freshly reduced in hydrogen. The reaction rate was independent of pressure over the range from 6 to 60 torr. A logarithmic rate law was obeyed in the temperature range from 25" to 300" ~. There was some deviation at higher temperatures which could have been the onset of a parabolic law. The calculated film thicknesses ranged from about two molecular layers, 10A, for 5 hr exposure at room temperature to thirty-five molecular layers for 5 hr exposure at 200" . The authors concluded that no single mechanism could explain all the observations. O7Donnell and spatkowski2 studied the reaction of fluorine with copper at 450°C at pressures from lo to 133 torr. The reaction was found to be pressure -dependent and followed a logarithmic rate law. It was not entirely diffusion-controlled, and fluorine was thought to be the migrating species in the reaction. Miscellaneous metal-fluorine reactions were investigated by Haendler et ~1.~ Reaction products were identified but no rate data were determined. Air Prod- ucts and Chemicals, Inc., have conducted an investigation of reactions between fluorine and various metal powders at room temperature and 85° C. Fluoride film thickness as a function of time of exposure was reported on the assumption that the reaction takes place between fluorine and metal to form the normal metal fluoride. Surface areas of the powders were only estimated so the relative film thicknesses may not be exact. The data showed reaction rates which were generally logarithmic in character, the rate of film growth virtually ceasing after a few hours exposure time for some alloy powders. The effect of moisture on fluoride films was also investigated by measuring additional reaction with fluorine after exposure of passivated powders to atmosperic moisture. The fluorination of iron was studied by 0'~onnell~ at temperatures from 225" to 525" ~ and at pressures ranging from 20 to 200 torr. In all ranges, the reaction followed a logarithmic rate law and was dependent on the square root of the gas pressure. The author concluded that fluorine gas passes through pores in the film. As the film grows, the blocking of pores leads to a rapid decrease in reaction rate; hence a logarithmic rate law is observed. Jarry, Fischer, and Gunther' investigated the mechanism of the reaction of fluorine with nickel at about 600" to 700°C. On the basis of the metallographic examination of fluoride scales growing on the nickel and from separate radioautographic data, it was claimed that fluorine is the migrating species in the reaction. This is in sharp contrast to the growth of oxide films on nickel where it has been shown that nickel ions migrate through the scale to the gas-solid interface to react with oxygen. Few investigations have been reported of the reaction of fluorine with metal oxides. Such investigations should be of great significance for a better understanding of passivation in view of the ubiquitous oxide films on technical alloys. Haendler et al.3 studied the reaction of fluorine with oxides of copper, tin, titanium, zirconium, and vanadium. Copper (I) oxide reacted as follows in the temperature range 150" to 300"~: temperature above 300" ~ was required for the CuO to react to form additional copper fluoride. Ritter and smith7 also investigated the reaction of fluorine with copper (11) oxide. An oxide powder comprised of spherical particles with a fairly high surface area was reacted with fluorine, starting at room temperature and increasing to 100° C over a period of 3 or 4 hr. The initial reaction was slow until the fluoride film thickness reached about to or 15R at which time the reaction rate accelerated, then decreased again. Most of the kinetic data was obtained during this final phase of reaction. The authors conclude that the film grows slowly at first until the stresses developed in the distorted lattice are sufficient to rupture the initial

Jan 1, 1969

By R. G. Fleck, W. R. Webb

The concentrate produced from the Adirondack magnetites is, of course, too fine for direct use in a blast furnace and must be agglomerated before it can be considered a blast furnace ore. The four operations in the area use sintering -three, including the Jones & Laughlin operation, employing the Dwight Lloyd continuous type machine and one operation using the Greenawalt batch type process. Each operation uses fine anthracite coal, either No. 4 or No. 5 buckwheat size, for the mix fuel.

Jan 6, 1950

By T. W. Beck

Roof bolter occupations in underground coal mines continue to experience overexposure to respirable dust. One potential source of dust in roof bolting operations is the exhaust from the roof bolter dust collection system. A wet exhaust conditioner (water box) has been developed to reduce dust emissions from the exhaust of the vacuum dust collection system on roof bolting machines. The exhaust conditioner consists of a muffler chamber and a water chamber with four internal partitions to direct airflow over the surface of the water. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health conducted a series of laboratory tests to assess the respirable dust capture ability of this device as compared to the standard exhaust muffler. To determine the dust collection efficiency, both devices were placed in the exhaust stream of a simulated roof bolter dust collection system. Gravimetric samplers were operated upstream and downstream of the exhaust conditioner and muffler to evaluate the ability to capture both respirable coal and limestone dust. Researchers observed a 41 % reduction in dust concentrations for the water exhaust conditioner in the laboratory configuration. Significant levels of dust deposition in the sampling chambers may have contributed to this effective capture rate.

Jan 1, 2012

By N. A. Hasenack

A full description of tests and test results of potgrate--as well as industrial tests is given. It is concluded that the favorable effects of magnetite ores on the pelletizing-plant results can almost be obtained by replacing the magnetites by hematites with coke breeze. The amount of coke breeze to be added should be about 30% above the theoretical value which is derived from the transition heat of the magnetite. The total amount of coke breeze should be limited to 1.5%.

Jan 1, 1977

The American Museum of Safety has installed a large collection of exhibits at 18 West 24th St., New York City, and extends a cordial invitation to the members of the Institute to visit this exhibition. The Museum is open daily from 9 am. until 5 p.m., and special arrangements will be made for the admission of a large party in the evening. The exhibition covers all phases of industrial and general safety, and also the important questions of sanitation and hygiene.

Jan 2, 1917

By Ashok K. Kakar

THE occurrence of superplasticity in Al-Zn alloys is of interest because of its possible industrial exploitation.' The eutectoid composition (78Zn-22A1) has been the most extensively studied;'-= neck resistant flow and high strain rate sensitivity of flow stress (characteristic of superplasticity) are associated with a micron-size grain conferred on the alloy by an homo-genization and quench.5'6 Compositions away from the eutectoid have received comparatively little attention, especially from the viewpoint of relating the structural

Jan 1, 1969

By Robert N. McIndoo, M. G. Woodle

10.5-1. Introduction. In the not-too-distant past, maintenance and the facilities for maintenance were considered a necessary evil to be given only secondary consideration in the development and planning of a surface mine operation. With the increasing sophistication of mining equipment and machinery, this concept has been replaced; and today's mine managers recognize that planning for adequate maintenance facilities is as important to a successful operation as a sound mining plan. This chapter will present the basic maintenance facilities and the fundamental considerations necessary to meet the varied requirements of surface mining. 10.5-2. Determination of Shop Facilities. The size, shape, and extent of maintenance facilities are contingent on the general mining plan, the location relative to outside facilities, and to the available capital. The type of construction employed is dependent on climatic conditions and preference. HAULAGE SYSTEMS. The type of haulage equipment used will dictate the kind of shops needed. Truck haulage requires entirely different facilities than rail haulage. Some mines will employ both systems, and can include hoists, skips, or conveyor belts in combination with locomotives or trucks. The requirements of each type will be discussed. MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION. The pre-planning decision as to centralized maintenance vs. area maintenance, or a combination of both, will greatly affect the maintenance facilities required. A single pit with relatively short travel from shops to pit will probably have a centralized maintenance system. Where more than one mine is involved, or where there are diversified sections or functions in a mine (mine equipment, mill, conveyor, or

Jan 1, 1968

Jan 1, 1889