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The Institute offers two distinct relationships to. students: one is an individual relationship as a Student Associate; and the other is a relationship with local organizations of students, known as Student Chapters of the AIME This individual relationship is set forth in Section 8 of Article I of the AIME Bylaws, as follows "A student in good standing in an approved school, who has been nominated by at least three instructors of the nominee (one of whom must be an Institute member), may affiliate with the Institute as a Student Associate by payment of $4.50 annual fee, for which he shall receive one monthly journal and be privileged to attend meetings of the Institute and to use the Engineering Societies Library and the Personnel Service A student may remain such until December 31 of the year in which he ceases to be in university residence as a student "

Jan 1, 1952

Organization Place _ Date 1919 American Iron and Steel Institute New York, N. Y. May National Fire Protection Association Ottawa Can. May 6-8 American Zinc Institute :.. St. Louis, Mo. May 12 American Association of Engineers Chicago, Ill. May 13-14 Natural Gas Association in America Cleveland, 0. May 20-23 American Institute of Electrical Engineers.... Lake Placid, N. Y. June 24-27 American Society for Testing Materials Atlantic City, N. J. June 24-27 American Institute of Min. and Met. Engineers Chicago, Ill. - Sept. 22-27 American Steel Treaters' Society, First Annual Convention Chicago, Ill. Sept. 22-27 National Safety Council Cleveland, U. Sept. 29-Oct. 2 American Foundrymen's Association Philadelphia, Pa. Sept. 29-Oct. 4 Institute of Metals Division, A. I. M. E Philadelphia, Pa. Sept. 29-Oct. 4 American Ry. Bridge and Building Association Cleveland, 0. Oct. 21-23 Geological Society of America Boston, Mass. Dec. 29-31

Jan 5, 1919

New York Meets first Wednesday after first Tuesday of each month. J. E. JOHNSON, Jr., Chairman EDGAR RICKARD, Vice-Chairman D. M. LIDDELL, Secretary, 7 Wall St., New York, N. Y. C. A. BOHN, Treasurer JOHN V. N. DORR. LEWIS W. FRANCIS Boston Meets first Monday of each winter month. R. L. AGASSIZ, Chairman JAMES G. CARLETON, Vice-Chairman E. E. BUGBEE Secretary-Treasurer, Mass. Inst. of Technology, Cambridge,Mass. W. E. C. EUSTIS G. A. PACKARD Columbia Holds four sessions during year. Annual meeting in September or October. W. H. LINNEY. Chairman OSCAR LACHMUND, Vice-Chairman LYNDON K. ARMSTRONG, Secretary-Treasurer, P. 0. Drawer 2154, Spokane, Wash. STANLY A. EASTON S. SHEDD Puget Sound Meets second Saturday of each month SIMON H. ASH, Chairman I. F. LAUCKS, Vice-Chairman CHARLES SIMENSTAD, Secretary-Treasurer, 425 Lyon Bldg., Seattle, Wash. GLENVILLE A. COLLINS JOHN N. POTT

Jan 10, 1917

R. W. Raymond, New York, N. Y,:—Since the presentation of my note on this subject at the New York Meeting, Professor Louis has pointed out an error in my statement of his conception of " pitch "—namely, he understands the pitch, in the restricted sense which he proposes, to be the angle of inclination of the axis of an ore-body, measured on the vertical plane drawn through the body; whereas, I represented him as proposing to define " pitch " as the angle of inclination of an oblique body, measured on the plane of the dip, in the direction of the strike. The difference will appear upon consideration of the accompanying isometric projection, Fig. 1, in which ABCD represents the plane of the inclosing ore-deposit (vein or bed), and AC the axis of the oblique ore-shoot. ABE is the angle of the dip, as universally understood; and ACE

Jan 1, 1909

By FREDERICK MCAKCCOY

THE production of tin from Mexico has never reached the point of being considered a national industry, but the distribution of tin ores is so widespread that there are possibilities that one day it may become of importance. Of the twenty-seven states of the Republic, tin claims have been taken up in sixteen. In all there had been taken up to the end of 1926, two hundred and twenty-five claims, of a total area of about 7400 acres. The first historical mention of tin in the Americas is found in a letter of Cortez to the Emperor, Charles the Fifth, of Spain, which is as follows: Speaking of his manufacture of some small cannon, he says: "For these reasons I took considerable pains to get copper from some provinces of this country, and bought it at a high price in order to get it quicker.

Jan 1, 1929

By Sherwin F. Kelly

NEW trend in geophysics has been uncovered in these depression years, made evident through the thinning cloak of commercial activity, which, in better times, would have completely obscured it. I refer to the increasing use of these methods for geological investigations by federal and state geological surveys. This is a trend that has been gathering momentum not alone in the United States, but abroad as well. Thus, in Poland, the Geological Survey has been playing an increasing role in geophysical work since 1927, and now has- its own geophysical department. The government petroleum producing organization of Argentina has its Geophysical Commission; Brasil boasts a completely equipped geophysical department in its Mineral Production Service; the government of Chile has contracted with commercial companies for geophysical surveys; Peru is planning an intensive program of geophysical prospecting in its petroliferous regions; and Canada has, for several years, cooperated with

Jan 1, 1935

By SAMUEL GOMPERS

THE name engineer makes a very strong appeal to one who appreciates the mechanism underlying the fabric of our civilization. Engineers are scouts of civilization. We send them ahead into the lone 'places-the wilderness, the jungles, the great watery expanses, to build the highways necessary for civilized man. The engineers must deal with Nature, with that mysterious dynamic thing we call "force," with materials. It is their function to direct the human activity necessary to coordinate these forces and material in order to make them serve the needs and aspirations of men. Because of my high conception of the engineering profession I was glad to accept the invitation to address The American Society of Mechanical Engineers to voice my understanding of the possibilities of your work as engineers of industry, and to suggest what seems to me the responsibility of the-engineer to the whole modern industrial system.

Jan 1, 1921

By C. E. SWANN

NOT long ago an engineering study was made to determine if the time had arrived to lower the head of standing water in abandoned Rock Springs mines Nos. I and 3 of The Union Pacific Coal Co. so that this water would not become a menace to the future operations of adjacent mines or mines developed on seams lower in the coal measures. This survey resulted - in a decision to unwater the No. 1 mine workings and, incidentally, the old No. 3 mine workings by drilling a large-diameter hole from the surface to an opening in No. 1 mine at the sump below 21 entry, provided it was found practical to operate a large-capacity, vertical, deep-well pump under the existing conditions. This would relieve the static bead of 200 ft. of water at the fault that separates Rock Springs mines Nos. 1 and 4, which is the

Jan 1, 1935

By Augustus Locke

THE technical sessions at the Regional Meeting of the A.I.M.E. in San Francisco are to be de- voted LO changes, current or predictable, which may be expected to alter today's practices in mining and metallurgical engineering. Our present condition may be summarized as follows: Capacity to produce is excessive for domestic needs in molybdenum, copper, iron, and oil; sufficient in lead, zinc, and potash; deficient in aluminum, manganese, tungsten, chromium, and tin. Gold and silver are complicated by their use as money. Or, to look at it in another way, the "growth curles" of production, as C. K. Leith emphasizes, characteristically rise slowly at the beginning, show a second stage of rapid growth, and a third stage of leveling off. The third stage is already reached here in coal. copper, iron, lead, and zinc. But still in the second slage are oil, molybdenum, potash, and others.

Jan 1, 1939

By James E. Lawver

A SURVEY of Minerals Beneficiation Div. membership indicated genuine interest in automatic process control, but revealed that the average mill is operating with a minimum of self-regulating devices. Apparently, the mill operators are content to continue without controls until the practicality of self-regulating devices is more generally accepted, or, in the opinion of the writer, until automatic controls become a necessity to meet economic demands of product quality and cost. Both to stimulate interest in control, and to solicit publication of technical know-how by members and equipment manufacturers, this paper presents a cross section of control problems in two general categories: (a) Control problems that can usually be solved by reference to the literature, i.e. controls that have proven successful in the mineral or chemical industries; (b) Problems that are troublesome and frequently unsolved due to unavoidable adverse conditions in the mill circuit to be controlled.

Jan 10, 1953

By John E. Riddell

This review is based on a questionnaire sent out in 1959 to 24 Canadian exploration companies, known to be active in the mineral exploration field, concerning their practice in the use of applied geo-chemical techniques in Precambrian terrains. Of the companies questioned, 21 returned completed questionnaires and of these, 15 companies stated that they had some experience in this type of work. Of the companies who stated that they had no experience in geochemical prospecting in glaciated Precambrian areas it is interesting to note that only three have reported that they do not use applied geochemistry at all. The others have reported that they make use of applied geochemistry in New Brunswick and in the Cordillera in areas of light glaciation. Their opinion is that it is a useful aid when accompanied by other techniques in evaluating mineralized areas. GEOCHEMICAL SURVEYS Table I reviews the type of geochemical surveys used by these companies, and the following points of interest should be noted.

Jan 11, 1960

In accordance with the requirements of our By-Laws I beg leave to submit herewith the report of the Library Committee for the year 1915. The activity shown by the sale of the institute publications during the year continues satisfactory, although not as large as last year. The total sales amount to $6,666.81, distributed as follows: Sale of Transactions...:: :. $4,585.42 Sale of Special Editions 553.17 Sale of Pamphlets and Bulletins 2,028.22 It should-be borne in mind that the sale of special editions was only begun last year,, and most of the members who did not have the special editions immediately bought them for their libraries. This year only a little less than half of the same number have been disposed of, and it is more than probable that from now-on the number will be considerably lessened.

Jan 2, 1916

By D. Moskowitz

IN the course of a general investigation of boride systems, sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, various vanadium boride powders of relatively good purity were prepared which could be used for a determination of the phases present. The X-ray pattern of one of these lots showed, in addition to the known VB1 and VB22 phases, an additional phase, almost certainly of composition V3B4, isomorphous with Cr3B4, Cb3B4, Ta3B4, and Mn3B,. Its pattern fitted in well with the indices worked out by Kiessling for Mr3B4.3 The unit cell for this new compound is orthorhombic, with the dimensions a = 3.030A, b = 13.18A, c = 2.986A7 V=119.2A.' Table I lists the X-ray diffraction data for V.3,.

Jan 1, 1957

By J. R. Hillebrand

From the abstract, "A realistic ore deposition model to serve as a conceptual framework." Further, on page 246, "The first area of study was the Josephine peridotite, now identified as an ophiolite terrane, located in northern California and southwestern Oregon (Fig. 3). Here, it was felt that we could test the models shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and, if successful, expand the model and test it in other chromite districts in the US and around the world." My comments refer only to chromite deposits in Europe and the Middle East. First, I question that may chromite deposits occur in the idealized ophiolite section shown in [Fig. 1]. Second, although some podiform deposits (referring to morphology) have been important (Gulernan, Turkey, for example), the stratiform deposits are of greater importance in tonnage and frequently grade. Examples include Nada, Yugoslavia; Bulqiza, Albania; Xerolivado, Greece; Saranovsk, Russia; and Abdasht, Iran.

Jan 1, 1984

By John F. Abel

A good mining engineer is supposed to make a good mine. What then makes a good mining engineer? There certainly are a lot of answers to that question. The answers depend on whether you are one, work for one, or employ one. There are several cliches about mining engineers, and there is some truth in them-as there usually is in any stereotype. Hollywood chose Jeff Chandler to portray a mining engineer in Foxfire. The image here was of an almost one-man mining operation. When Chandler picked up a jackhammer, cradled it in his gut and started drilling out a tunnel round, it gave one the hives. I would have liked to see him finish just one round that way. There are limits to what even the most hairy-chested of us will try. We can assume that Hollywood feels it needs to over- draw any profession to add impact.

Jan 1, 1970

By D. D. Pollock, G. P. Conard II

Equations of the form of the Mott and Jones equations for the absolute thermoelectric powers of metals are derived primarily from a thermodynamic approach. The behaviors of transition thermoelements in common use are then examined and compared with this simple theory. MOTT and ones' derived a general expression for the absolute thermoelectric behavior of metals and alloys using the approach of the solid state physicist. This expression was then applied to specific cases.1,2 The present work develops equations of the same form principally by a thermodynamic approach. These relationships are then employed to gain some insight to the behavior of the transition thermoelements in common use. I) DERIVATION OF AN EXPRESSION FOR ABSOLUTE THERMOELECTRIC POWER First consider a metallic conductor which is maintained in a temperature gradient with no current flowing. At constant pressure, there will be a gradient of the free energy (F,) given by:

Jan 1, 1963

By Eckley B. Coxe

I WISH to call the attention of the Institute to a peculiar variety of anthracite which occurs in the Buck Mountain vein at our collieries at Drifton, and in the same and other veins in different localities in the anthracite coal-fields. It is known among the workmen as iron-gray or cast-iron. It has a dull, greasy appearance, as if a piece of ordinary anthracite had been rubbed with a dirty and greasy rag and allowed to dry. It was formerly considered a very impure coal containing a high percentage of ash, and was picked out of the coal and thrown away. But the following analysis of it and of its ash, made by Mr. J. Blodget Britton, of Philadelphia, shows that such is not the case, the percentage of ash not being much higher than that of the ordinary anthracites as they are prepared for market.

Jan 1, 1879

ALFRED C. LANE, Tufts College, Mass. (written discussion*).-The attention of members may well be called by Allen to his discoveries, which affect not only correlations in Michigan but, as I have pointed out,1 the use of names like "Animikie" which are widely applied. It shows that one disadvantage of the wide use of locality names is that local discoveries may show that they are inappropriate. The Wewe hills were found not to contain the Wewe slate! So we note that Allen, in his correlation, drops the term Animikie, which his researches indicate covers both middle and upper Huronian: It would seem well, then, in dividing the Huronian or Proterozoic, to use, as Allen does, terms like upper, middle, and lower Huronian, or newer, middle, and early, which may be shortened into eo-, mio-, and neo-Huronian rather than to carry local terms far away; or we shall soon be

Jan 12, 1919

By R. P. Fischer

The Colorado Plateau region has been the principal domestic source of uranium, vanadium, and radium. The value of these commodities produced from the region through 1964 slightly exceeds $2 billion. Most of the deposits occur in streamlaid lenses of sandstone in the Chinle and Morrison Formations. The ore minerals below the zone of oxidation are low-valent oxides and silicates of uranium and vanadium; all of these, except the quite stable vanadium silicates, oxidize readily to a variety of high-valent uranium and vanadium minerals. The ore minerals partly replace fossil wood but mainly impregnate sandstone, typically forming tabular ore bodies that are nearly concordant to the bedding of the host rock. The deposits range in size from those containing only a few tons of ore to those containing more than 1 million tons. Stratigraphic, lithologic, and sedimentary structural factors obviously influenced the localization of these deposits, but igneous activity, hydrothermal mineralization, and tectonic structures show no similarly consistent influence on localization. The deposits are epigenetic, but the source of the ore metals, the nature of the ore-bearing solutions, and the time of ore emplacement are uncertain. A few uranium deposits in the region are dominantly discordant to bedding and occur in collapsed breccia pipes or along linear fractures. Their origins are also uncertain.

Jan 1, 1968

By G. H. Clevenger

Continuing the discussion of the paper of James Johnston, presented at the New York meeting, February, 1914. See Trans., xlviii, 3 to 32 (1914). This paper cannot fail of being of great interest and value to all who are interested in the cyanide process, on account of the important developzn~ents which it records. Mr. Johnston is to be commended for the large amount of detail which he gives, and the company and its management for permitting the publication of data of this character, which while of great value to others could well be considered private property. It might be discussed from a number of standpoints: First, as an example of recent practice in mill and cyanide plant construction; second, the mill practice; third, the cyanide practice; and fourth, the new features in cyanide treatment involved. Perhaps a more vivid way of expressing it would be: First, the equipment or tools with which the various operations are carried on, are they the best and most efficient which could have been selected for their respective uses; and, second, is the best use in every case made of these tools? It may be well inquired is the highest possible recovery of silver made at the lowest cost per ounce recovered? For after all, the making of the greatest ultimate profit is inseparably associated with successful metallurgical practice; there must therefore be at all limes a careful balance maintained between recovery and cost of obtaining it. I wish to call attention in a very general way to the equipment used and to an anticipation of questions which are bound to arise in this connection. However, the bulk of my discussion will be confined to the presentation Of certain additional data, together with a more or less general discussion showing the line of development which leads up to the present practice and the applicability of certain features of it to similar problems elsewhere. There are a number of vital points of broad general interest involved in Nipissing low-grade practice upon which metallurgists will by no means be agreed to which I wish to call particular attention in the hope that it will lead to the presentation by others of data of practice in other districts which will assist in reconciling this divergence of opinion.

Jan 1, 1915