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By W. F. Burns

(Butte Meeting, August, 1913.) ATTEMPTS were made in 1908, at the Great Falls Works, to produce ingots direct from the Butte precipitate by smelting- the material in a reverberatory refining furnace. The ingots produced in this manner averaged 99.4 per cent. of copper and 0.40 per cent. of arsenic and antimony. The copper content being considered too low, it was decided to cast the copper into anodes and to treat the anodes in the electrolytic plant. No.1 Furnace, in which the precipitate was treated, was a regular cathode refining furnace previously employed in making wire bar, cake, and ingot from electrolytic cathodes. The hearth of the furnace was 24 by 12 ft., having a capacity of 100,000 lb. of cathodes. The furnace was coal fired, and the copper was dipped by means of trolley ladles.

Jan 7, 1913

By H. T. Lundberg, J. H. Ratcliffe

In airborne gravity surveys effects of acceleration and irregular movements of the aircraft must be balanced out or overcome. The gradient of vertical gravity is recorded, therefore, by using two masses instead of one. As the amplitude variations are infinitesimal and difficult to measure accurately, at present it is enough to determine whether variation of gradient during flight is positive or negative. The positive portions of the pattern can then be indicated and contoured. Even with these simplifications, the source of energy must be exceptionally stable. General Principles: In the conventional gravi-meter the weight of a standard mass is determined at a number of selected points within the survey area. In most systems weight is determined by comparing the gravity pull with extension or torque

Jan 1, 1960

By William Kent

During the discussions at the Philadelphia meeting in February last;) several speakers expressed their doubts of the general accuracy of chemical analyses of steel made by "iron works chemists," and especially of determinations of manganese. Since the meeting, the discussion of the " practical value of chemical analyses" has been continued at some length in 'the columns of the Iron Age.

Jan 1, 1882

By Karl Eilers

During my stay of two years in this country, I have heard of only four electric mine-locomotive plants, of which three were built by the firm of Siemens & Halske, and the fourth by the Allgemeine Elektricitatsgesellschaft, both of Berlin. The earliest of these was established in 1882 in the royal coalmines at Zaukeroda, Saxony. In 1883, the Consolidated Paulus and Hohenzollern colliery at Beuthen put in a plant; and in the

Jan 1, 1892

By Robert S. Schecter, Paul M. Bommer

This paper presents the development of and results from a computer model of in situ uranium leaching. This model uses a streamline-concentration balance approach and is useful with a wide range of reservoirs. It can be used with any type of well system, in a reservoir with or without boundaries, and with any form of descriptive kinetics. The model also includes the effects of dispersion and consumption of oxidant by minerals other than uranium. The effects of areal sweep, variable uranium concentrations, variable permeability, and the presence of oxidant consumers on uranium production are shown and discussed.

Jan 1, 1979

By William Kent

DURING the discussions at the Philadelphia meeting in February last, † several speakers expressed their doubts of the general accuracy of chemical analyses of steel made by "iron works chemists," and especially of determinations of manganese. Since the meeting,. the discussion of the "practical value of chemical analyses" has been continued at some length in the columns of the Iron Age. †Transactions, vol. ix, p. 529.

Jan 1, 1882

By W. L. Fourney

This paper describes a number of model tests conducted in Plexiglas models to investigate the phenomenon of fracture pressurization. The models were examined with high speed photography while being subjected to explosive loading. At the same time pressure transducers were used to record the pressure in the borehole as a function of time and also along the path of the propagating fracture to measure the pressure at various locations along the fracture as a function of time. Both propellants and explosives were used to charge the borehole. Air as well as fluid filled boreholes were needed to provide a variety of pressure rise rates. On some tests eddy current displacement gauges measured crack opening displacements as a function of time. As a final check high speed photographs taken during the event were used to visually ascertain the location of the fracture at any given time.

Jan 1, 1984

By K. Osseo-Asare

LIX63 In combination with DNNS selectively extracts nickel and/or cobalt from acidic leach liquors with pH values as low as 10 Nickel/cobalt and cobalt/nickel selectivities are achieved by varying the relative concentrations of LIX 63 and DNNS Increasing LIX63 concentration retards both extraction and stripping rates while DNNS has the opposite effect. Slope analyses of equilibrium data Indicate that both LIX63 and DNNS are present in the extracted complexes. Examples of possible flowsheets are presented.

Jan 1, 1981

By Robert H. Richards, E. E. Bugbee

Friends often ask how accurate the work of our little stamp mill is, or express the opinion that a little mill cannot do good work. As a reply we would like to place on record the results of a few tests. There are two periods of work in our laboratory; the fall term, when the class collectively goes through all our chief laboratory-processes, and the spring term, when the students work up their theses, each electing some one process or investigation and devoting himself wholly, or almost wholly, to that. Some of the tests, the results of which are recorded in this paper, were made in the fall term; the preparation of the apparatus, the sampling and the assaying being done largely by assistants, with the aid of the students. Others were made in the spring term as thesis-work, and the results are due wholly to. the students. The complete " tree " of our process is patterned after the-

Jan 1, 1904

All the TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS and CONTRIBUTIONS published in 1935 are available at Institute headquarters, unless otherwise noted. They are also on file in many public, university and technical libraries and, when so indicated in the list, may be found in the TRANSACTIONS. Copies of the TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS have been mailed to members of the Institute that are registered in the different classes: A-Metal Mining; B-Milling and Concentration; C-Iron and Steel Division; D-Nonferrous Metallurgy; E-Institute of Metals Division; F-Coal Division; G-Petroleum Division; H-Industrial Minerals Division (Nonmetallics); I-Mining Geology; J-Mineral Industry Education Division; K-Mining Administration; I-Geophysical Prospecting. Other members may obtain copies by writing to the Secretary. Copies of CONTRIBUTIONS may also be obtained from the Secretary's office. Additional copies are sold at the rate of 1 cent per page; minimum charge, 25 cents. Nonmembers may purchase the papers at the prices mentioned. [ ]

Jan 1, 1936

By J. R. Maxwell

Large capacity flotation cells with volumes ranging in size from 300 to 2000 cu ft are used in the Opemiska concentrator, Opemiska Copper Mines (Quebec), Canada. This paper gives a description of the flowsheet with metallurgical comparisons using Maxwell vs. conventional cells, total power consumption used, and estimated maintenance costs.

Jan 1, 1973

By H. M. Morse

During the year of 1940, wildcat wells were drilled in 32 counties of Mississippi; 85 wells in all. These were scattered over the state from the most northern county to the southern counties and from the Mississippi River on the west to the Alabama line on the east. Yazoo County, with 19, received the largest number. The average depth of all the wells was 5333 ft. The shallowest well completed as a dry hole was in Yalobusha County, aban-doned at 1392 ft. in the Selma. The deepest well drilled was in Scott County, abandoned at 10,365 ft. in the Lower Cretaceous Paluxy. G. C. Grasty drilled the Kentucky Lumber Company No. I well, sec. 7, T. 10 S., R. 10 E., Itawamba County, to a depth of 3530 ft. and bottomed his hole in the Ordivician. Tinsley Oil Field.—In the Tinsley oil field 104 wells were completed as producers during 1940. Five producing sands have been logged with a total average thickness of I57 ft. of oil sand. One of these sands is in the Selma, three in the Eutaw, and one in the Tuscaloosa. Vaughan-Pickens Field.—The Vaughan-

Jan 1, 1941

By Nicholas J. Grant, Chih-Chung Wang

TO phase of the Ti-0 system has the structure of NaCl and has a wide range of solid solubility.' In the course of studying the Ti-Cr-0 ternary system, binary alloys were made of iodide titanium and high purity TiO,. It was found from X-ray studies of the binary alloys that a transformation of the TiO appears to take place at a temperature near 925°C. Evidence of this phase change is best seen in Fig. 1. Fig. 1A shows the X-ray spectrometer pattern (CUKa radiation) of an alloy of 25 wt pct 0 corresponding to the stoichiometric composition of TiO.

Jan 1, 1957

By R. F. Sheldon

Largest uranium deposit in the Northwest is Dawn Mining Co.'s Midnite mine on the Spokane Indian B Reservation. The orebodies lie along the contact of granite and metamorphosed sedimentary rock and are controlled by faults and shear zones near the granite contact. In the oxidized zone the deposits consist mainly of the secondary uranium mineral meta-autunite; sooty uraninite and primary uranium minerals are known to occur at greater depths. Elevations in the mine area range from 2500 to 3500 ft. The rolling hills and low, rounded mountains are covered with grass and evergreen trees.

Jan 5, 1959

By H. M. Morse

During the year of 1940, wildcat wells were drilled in 32 counties of Mississippi; 85 wells in all. These were scattered over the state from the most northern county to the southern counties and from the Mississippi River on the west to the Alabama line on the east. Yazoo County, with 19, received the largest number. The average depth of all the wells was 5333 ft. The shallowest well completed as a dry hole was in Yalobusha County, aban-doned at 1392 ft. in the Selma. The deepest well drilled was in Scott County, abandoned at 10,365 ft. in the Lower Cretaceous Paluxy. G. C. Grasty drilled the Kentucky Lumber Company No. I well, sec. 7, T. 10 S., R. 10 E., Itawamba County, to a depth of 3530 ft. and bottomed his hole in the Ordivician. Tinsley Oil Field.—In the Tinsley oil field 104 wells were completed as producers during 1940. Five producing sands have been logged with a total average thickness of I57 ft. of oil sand. One of these sands is in the Selma, three in the Eutaw, and one in the Tuscaloosa. Vaughan-Pickens Field.—The Vaughan-

Jan 1, 1941

By D. L. Wood

INTERNAL oxidation' is a process in which oxy-gen, diffused into a suitable alloy, causes precipitation of solute oxide particles as the oxidation front moves inward. During an investigation of internal oxidation now in progress it was observed that the grain size is relatively small in thin strip specimens that have been internally oxidized in the as-rolled condition. This may be due to the restraint of grain growth by the precipitated oxide particles. It was observed also that the grain size in unoxi-dized portions of partially oxidized specimens was

Jan 1, 1958

By Nicholas J. Grant, John S. Benjamin, Bill C. Giessen

In the course of a study of hard particle-duc tile binder composite alloys, interest arose in the nature of the products of the reaction between the inter metallic compound NiAl and the binder niobium. No published information was then available. A program to

Jan 1, 1967

By Ian William Wark

DIFFERENT parts of the world in which mineral separation by flotation is practiced experience vastly different natural temperatures, and in some districts there is a big difference between summer and winter tempera-tures. It will be shown in this paper that the temperature is of con-siderable importance where it is desired to separate pyrite or arsenopyrite from other minerals. It is probable that some of the differences obtained in the flotation of these minerals at plants working under otherwise similar conditions are due to temperature variations. The influence of temperature on the flotation of galena, chalcopyrite and sphalerite by xanthates is less marked than its influence on pyrite flotation.

Jan 1, 1938

By Edward Halse

Normal banded structure,* exhibiting bands or layers of mineral symmetrically arranged from the sides to the center of the vein, appears to be by no means common in the Republic of Mexico. When the bands of quartz form interlocking crystals in the center (" comb-structure "), the evidence that the filling has taken place in an open space is complete. This also applies in the case of any mineral the fibers of which are perpendicular to the walls, and which presents here and there, in a central line, cavities or vugs lined with crystals (geodes); but it does not follow that the whole width of the banded vein represents that of the original open fissure. The opening and filling may have been slow and gradual processes, advancing

Jan 1, 1902

By H. W. Fox, M. R. Achter

IN a previous study of the effect of atmosphere on creep-rupture properties,' it was shown that the relative strength of nickel in air and in vacuum may be reversed by a change in either stress or temperature, Fig. 1. At low stresses and high temperatures the metal is stronger in air but stronger in vacuum at high stresses and low temperatures. A mechanism to explain this reversal was proposed involving two competing processes; oxidation strengthens the metal while adsorption of gas lowers the surface energy, relative to that in vacuum, and reduces the work required to propagate a crack. The process which controls is determined by stress and temperature. In a number of private communications, however, the objection has been made that even in the vacuum of objection mm of Hg used in this study, the surface of a

Jan 1, 1960