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By O. T. Barrett, R. F. Aberethy, H. N. Cooper, Thomas Fraer, William L. Crentz

"INTRODUCTION The object of the techniques described in this report is to determine the possibilities of separating the components of a raw coal into such grades as may be necessary to recover some exceptionally clean functions for special purposes.To do this commercial gravity methods would require separation at very low specific gravities, entirely outside the range of conventional practice. Hence, a technique has been developed for breaking down cool ample, into very close fractions within the gravity range of the (-lean coal matter as well as for separating it from the refuse and particles.Such data on the fundamental specific-gravity consist of the clean-coal matter will serve to appraise the difficulty of the problem and to chow be accomplished if and when effective methods of making such separations commercially are developed."

May 1, 1945

By C. Bise, A. Seal

Excessive noise has long been a hazard in the coal-mining industry. Studies conducted during both the mid-1970s and the mid-1990s consistently show that hearing hearing loss within the mining industry persists, in spite of regulatory requirements and sampling technology advances. When MSHA’s new health standards to protect miners from hearing loss took effect in September 2000, the potential developed to re-evaluate sampling approaches with regard to noise-source hazards, such as task-based methods. This paper describes results from a Penn State research project currently being conducted at an underground coal mine. Each occupation was reviewed, and a list of tasks or processes performed by each was generated. Traditional personal noise dosimetry, static sound pressure levels, and equipment sound mappings have been performed. Job tasks indicating the greatest levels of daily noise exposure and contributions to noise dose have been identified and will be discussed.

Jan 1, 2001

By O. C. Blade

"INTRODUCTION This report on the properties of motor fuels sold through service stations in the United States is a continuation of a series of reports made in accordance with a cooperative agreement between, the Coordinating Fuel Research (C.F.R.) Committee of the Coordinating Research Council (C.R.C.) 3/ and the Bureau of Mines of the United States Department of the Interior. The first of these reports presented data on motor gasolines sold during the winter of 1935-36.-4/ Further reports have been issued describing motor gasolines sold during the succeeding summers and winters to the summer of 1941 and during the winter of 1942-43 and the summer of 1943 5/ No reports were made on motor gasolines sold during the winter of 1,) 41-42 and during the summer of 1942. The present report presents analytical data for 1,356 samples, representing the products of approximately 103 companies. As in previous surveys, the companies covered by the survey include both large and small suppliers. Conforming to former reports, the data cover three groups of samples - regular-price, premium-price, and third-grade gasolines - and each group has been averaged separately. The number of samples, items and brands comprising each group is as follows: Regular-price, 770 samples, 286 items, and 94 brands; premium-price, 537 samples, 236 items, and 72 brands; third-grade, 49 samples, 31 items, and 18 brands. The meanings of these terms as used in the surveys are as follows:"

May 1, 1944

By Lee W. Abramson

Performing risk analyses on tunnel projects has become common place and on many projects it is required from an owner or regulatory perspective. After the project is planned, designed and constructed, the data concerning identified risks, assumptions, costs, probabilities and mitigations is generally long forgotten and buried in some file somewhere. A study was performed comparing predicted risks versus actual events on several recently constructed tunnel projects. Probabilities and costs for selectively common risks on tunnel projects have been studied and re-evaluated. Conclusions are presented that can guide future projects and the veracity of the tunnel risk analyses performed.

By B. McNulty

The Niblack polymetallic volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits are located on Prince of Wales Island in southeast Alaska, approximately 50 km southwest of Ketchikan. The property hosts a number of polymetallic volcanogenic sulfide occurrences within the folded Lookout rhyolite volcanic succession. The Lookout deposit is the primary focus of current resource delineation and contains an indicated resource of 4,136,000 tonnes at 1.13% Cu, 2.32 g/t Au, 2.27% Zn, 38.70 g/t Ag and an inferred resource of 1,736,000 tonnes at 1.09% Cu, 1.77 g/t Au, 2.02% Zn, and 25.52 g/t Ag as of March 2011. Sulfide mineralization is interpreted to have formed sub-seafloor, within permeable felsic fragmental volcanic rocks. Sulfide minerals of economic interest include chalcopyrite and Fe-poor, Zn-rich sphalerite. Of considerable importance, the Lookout deposit contains elevated gold that occurs as inclusions within the base metal sulfides.

Jan 1, 2012

By J. Drelich, C. L. White, Ch. Zhou, W. M. Cross, E. T. Zellers, E. M. Nadorny

A laser-based particle deposition (LBPD) technique has recently been developed at Michigan Technological University for patterning mesostructures made of nanoparticles and their clusters. The LBPD technique makes use of laser induced optical forces to transport and pattern nanoparticles on a variety of conductive and non-conductive substrates from nanoparticle-in-liquid suspension. A weakly focused laser beam is used to confine and propel particles along the laser beam. Confinement is accomplished by forces due to optical field gradients that act on polarizable particles and tend to move them to axis of the laser beam. The force propelling the particles along the direction of the laser beam arise from momentum conservation of photons scattered from the particles. In this paper, this novel LBPD technology is briefly reviewed, and several examples of patterning are presented. The size and morphology of mesostrips produced from gold and polystyrene nanoparticles, under a range of deposition conditions, have been characterized by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results presented here demonstrate that gold and polystyrene nanoparticles deposited by LBPD can form clusters of particles. When deposited at an appropriate rate, such clusters can form multilayer mesostrips of high particle density. One goal of research on such systems is to fabricate arrays of parallel lines made up of colloidal particles having a range of surface functionalities. Such arrays have potential for application as novel microsensors for environmental sensors.

Jan 1, 2003

By P Phelan

This paper presents the general background and development of raiseboring followed by case histories of circumstances where raiseboring equipment was used in a different manner to normal. Each project has been summarised for this paper as described below: Case 1: Retrieval of a 40 tonne truck from a stope at Peak Gold Mines. Case 2: Slot raising - Conventional, Uphole and Downhole Reaming at Peak Gold Mines. Case 3: Reamer recovery by Downreaming at Tower Colliery. Case 4: The importance of Mucking Raisebore Holes û Thalanga Project. Case 5: Pilot Drilling Dewatering Holes at Beaconsfield Gold Mines. Case 6: Low angle æcut offsÆ in vein at Telfer Gold Mine.

Jan 1, 1998

By W. W. Agey

As a part of the program of investigation of domestic sources of manganese in the western United States, engineers of the Bureau of Mines examined. and obtained samples of ore from two properties in the vicinity of Barstow, San Bernardino County, Calif. In addition to these, samples from two other properties in the same vicinity were submitted by the owners. As the ores were too low-grade to be acceptable for the direct production of ferromanganese, beneficiation studies were made to determine the amenability of the ores to concentration by ore dressing. The Big Reef manganese claims axe about 140 miles east of Barstow, Calif. The claims were leased by W., E. Thurber of San Gabriel, Calif., from the owner, C. S. VanDoren of Daggett., Calif. Manganese oxides occur as a replacement deposit in heavily brecciated andesite along a fault plane. Four samples were taken by an examining engineer of the Bureau of Mines from the ore zone, which, when composited, were representative of all the exposed ore. Preliminary tests were made on lot B, and final tests wore made on the composite sample. The Trans-Oceanic property is about 20 miles southeast of Barstow, near Newberry, in the. Pisgah mining district, Calif. The sample, submitted by the owners, was taken from a 1,000-ton reject clump from a hand-sorting operation. The ore occurs as a replacement of rhyolite.

Jan 1, 1952

By Dean Brox, Jason Morrison, Peter Procter

The Galore Creek Mine project is one of the newest major mining projects underdevelopment in Canada. The project is located in a very remote area of northwester British Columbia and is being developed by Nova Gold Resources of Vancouver. The mine project comprises one of the largest and highest grade undeveloped porphyry-related gold-silver-copper deposits in North America. In order to access the mine site anew 120 km road is planned to be constructed including a 4.4 km mine access road tunnel. Glaciers with heavy snow pack cover approximately two-thirds of the tunnel alignment with a maximum cover of 1,200 m. The size of the access road tunnel is about 50 m2 and has been designed as a large single lane road tunnel to accommodate the transport of large size mining equipment for mine start up and ongoing operations. The rock conditions along the tunnel alignment comprise very strong volcanic rocks. Key services for mining operations will be incorporated into the tunnel comprising diesel and power as well as the concentrate pipeline. Structural portal canopies have been incorporated into the tunnel design due to the risk of rockfalls and avalanches in the portal areas. The mine access road tunnel is a significant and critical-path component to the overall project to provide vehicular access to allow construction of the mine site. In order to meet the expected mine start up date the construction of the tunnel works are to commence prior to any other works at the mine site and will be constructed entirely by helicopter support. Geotechnical investigations commenced in the summer of 2006 with the removal of the overburden materials at the portals to assess bedrock conditions. Tunnel construction from both portals is expected to commence in the spring of 2007. The construction of the mine project is subject to and awaiting environmental approval in the spring of 2007. The mine access road tunnel will be the longest private road tunnel in North America. The key design and constructability issues for the mine access road tunnel project are presented and discussed.

Jan 1, 2007

By IPMI Educational and Scientific Foundation

It is with great pleasure that we announce the availability of this fourth issue of the IPMI Journal, a publication of the International Precious Metals Educational and Scientific Foundation. This digital peer reviewed publication has been created as a vehicle for the sharing of technical information related to the science and technology of precious metals. Since 1976, the International Precious Metals Institute has championed the exchange of information of critical importance to the precious metals scientific and commercial communities through its various communications vehicles. This has included instructional videos, annual conference symposia, special topic committee meetings, regional seminars, and professional and student achievement awards. Due to the breadth of important topics related to all aspects of precious metals, it has been the vision of the IPMI to provide a publication available to the general public that would become a key source of pertinent topics containing high quality publications by experts in their fields of study. Historically, the IPMI has attracted world renowned experts in many fields (including Nobel Laureates Henry Taube, Ei-ishi Negishi, Robert Grubs, Professor Ben Feringa, and David MacMillan) in the dissemination of discoveries, inventions, and industry proven practices. Such information has a total value greater than the sum of its parts as seemingly unrelated innovations from distinct focus areas can be adapted to solve problems. Because of this important characteristic of information exchange, we have decided to create a digital journal, available to the general public, that will not only communicate state of the art discoveries and sound practices, but will also review historical communications from the IPMI’s archives that have value and use even in today’s environment. On behalf of the members and leaders of the IPMI, we hope you will find value in this new publication.

Dec 1, 2020

By E. C. Lane

"In a previous paper the Bureau of Mines. 3/ presented in condensed tabular form all analyses of Texas crude oils made by the Bureau up to March 193K. This previous report states;The first Al well in Texas was drilled near Oil Springs, Nacogdoches County, in 1863-67. However, the first oil field of major importance in the State was discovered at Corsicana,Navarro County, in 1895. Since that time the petroleum industry try in the State has spread and grown until today petroleum from Texas is an important commodity in world petroleum markets.Since March 1939 samples of Texas crude oils from many new fields, and some older fields not covered in the previous report, nave been analyzed. Those analyses arc reported in the present paper. The annual production by years from 1896 to 1940, inclusive, taken from the figures in the Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook, are given in table 1. Production for 1896-1940, inclusive, totals 6,579,715,000 barrels.Various authors reported upon developments and production in the Texas fields in the Transactions of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, Petroleum Division, for 1941. 4/"

Apr 1, 1943

By N. Gatelier, T. You, J. C. Kandel

ABSTRACT: Underground hydrocarbons storage is a very specific domain for the designer. He is usually free to adjust the section, shape and layout to cope with the geological and geotechnical conditions. This paper presents a panorama of the geotechnical design of mined underground storage caverns, then lists a number of uncommon features encountered in a storage excavated in Sydney, Australia, the Elgas LPG project that had to face major non-isotropic conditions with numerous local variations, impacting on the achievement of the design profiles. Changes in geotechnical design methodology and practice are examined through this project, now in operation, which will have lasted altogether almost ten years. KEY WORDS: underground storage, geotechnical engineering, stability, methodology, design. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Die untertaegige Speicherung von Kohlenwasserstoffen unterliegt in der Planung sehr spezifischen Bedingungen. Der planende Ingenieur hat bei der Dimensionierung und Formgebung der Speicherhohlraeume gewisse Freiheiten, muss jedoch vorgefundene geologische und geotechnische Bedingungen beruecksichtigen. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt zunaechst einen allgemeinen Ueberblick ueber die geotechnische Planung von bergmaennisch aufgefahrenen Speicherhhohlraeumen. Darueber hinaus werden Besonderheiten betrachtet, mit denen das Elgas LPG-Speicherprojekt in einer bergmaennisch aufgefahrenen Kaverne in Sydney, Australien konfrontiert war. Hierbei ging es um die Beruecksichtigung anisotroper Bedingungen mit zusaetzlichen Heterogenitaeten im Gestein und den daraus erwachsenden Schwierigkeiten, die geplante Hohlraumform zu verwirklichen. Ueber einen Zeitraum von fast 10 Jahren, in denen das jetzt in Betrieb befindliche Projekt unterschiedliche Betriebsphasen durchlaufen hat, wurden verschiedene geotechnische Entwurfsverfahren auf ihre Anwendbarkeit geprueft. SCHLUESSELWOERTER: Untergrundspeicherung, Geotechnik, Stabilitaet, Entwurfsverfahren, Planung. RESUME : Le stockage souterrain d’hydrocarbures est un domaine très spécifique pour le concepteur, car celui-ci dispose d'une large liberté pour adapter les sections, les formes et les implantations aux conditions géologiques et géotechniques de l’environnement choisi. Après un panorama de la conception géotechnique des stockages souterrains d’hydrocarbures par la méthode dite des cavités minées, l’accent sera mis sur un certain nombre de particularités rencontrées lors du projet de stockage de GPL de Elgas à Sydney en Australie, creusé dans de très fortes conditions d’anisotropie du massif rocheux, avec de nombreuses variations locales et toutes les implications que cela peut avoir sur le maintien des formes. L’évolution des approches méthodologiques géotechniques durant la dizaine d'années de développement de ce projet depuis les premières études jusqu'à l'exploitation actuelle est également présentée. MOTS-CLEFS : stockage souterrain, géotechnique, stabilité, méthode, conception.

Jan 1, 2003

By R. S. Dean

The function of the Metallurgical Division is to conduct investigations relating to the treatment of mineral products from the state in which they are mined to the refined metal or other unfabricated product. These investigations include scientific and practical studies of ore dressing, covering the crushing and grinding of ores, separation by gravity, flotation. and magnetic methods; the hydrometallurgical treatment of ores, including cyanidation and amalgamation of the precious metals; the smelting and refining of copper, lead, and zinc, as well as the rare metals; and steel-melting practices from the raw ore to the finished steel. The object of this work is to conserve natural resources and eliminate waste by furnishing information on current methods of metallurgical practice. making fundamental studies of metallurgical processes, and developing new processes to the point of demonstrating their practicability. The Division is made up of sections devoted to the several phases of this work, each section being headed by an investigator capable of supervising his particular work. The work is carried on at the experiment stations and field offices or in the field, whichever seems best suited for the work in hand. The following, projects should be mentioned as particularly outstanding among those consummated successfully during the year: 1. Application of the type of chemicals known in the textile industry as wetting-out agents to flotation and agglomeration of ores, particulary soluble salts such as sodium and potassium chloride which must be treated in saturated brine. 2. Demonstration or a linear relation between surface and coercive force in magnetic minerals and Its application to magnetic separation and to the determination of grinding efficiencies and other metallurgical data which require surface determination at very fine sizes. 3. Pilot-plant demonstration of the practicability of the reduction of iron ore by natural gas and conversion of this direct iron into steel by direct melting and by forging and rolling before melting. The structure and properties of the iron so produced were studied in detail. This report covers the fiscal year July 1. 1934, to June 30, 1935.

Jan 1, 1936

By G. L. Oldright

The studies previously made on Smelting in the Lead Blast Furnace have dealt with the custom smelter of the International Smelting Co. at Tooele, Utah, and on the smelter of the Bunker Hill & Sullivan Mining & Smelting Co. at Kellogg, Idaho. The International plant may be considered representative of the traditional custom smelter. The lead smelter of the future seemingly will have to treat increasingly richer lead charges. This feature was then stressed in describing the Bunker Hill plant.

Jan 1, 1934

By André Boyer

El presente artículo señala que los revestimientos de goma en los molinos son un aporte positivo en la minería -en tanto reducen las horas de parada y su costo por tonelada por una mayor duración. En ese sentido, las parrillas de descarga en goma aumentan el rendimiento de los molinos entre 20 y 25% de su capacidad por overflow.

Jan 1, 1975

By I Mason, A Wellington, J Hargreaves

Many people are familiar with the use of marine echo sounders which are used by fishermen to monitor water depth and locate schools of fish. Similar technology has recently been used in some West Australian mines to provide detailed maps of ore contacts and other geological structures. Whilst drillhole intersections provide details of the location of a contact at a point, echo sounding can be used to obtain a continuous profile of the contact. A series of profiles together with drillhole intersection data can be used to build a more accurate geological model than can be inferred from drillhole intersections alone. The benefits of this are more complete ore extraction, less dilution and the ability to make more informed financial decisions. This paper presents a case history which demonstrates the successful application of the technology.

Jan 1, 2000

By Mark R. Pettitt

Noise surveys conducted in underground coal mines have consistently indicated that auger mining machines subject the operator and helpers to excessive noise exposure. The machine cutting heads have been identified as the primary noise source. This report documents the research program conducted to (1) investigate the nature of the cutting head noise problem, (2) develop noise control concepts, (3) devise in-mine survivable techniques to implement the noise control concepts, and (4) build and demonstrate prototype reduced-noise auger miner cutting heads. The dynamic forces generated during coal cutting by the brittle fracture of coal are predominently low frequency. The low-frequency (less than 1500 Hz) structural response of the cutting head, therefore, determines the noise radiated by the cutting head. The most feasible methods of reducing the cutting head low-frequency response are to increase both the structural stiffness and the low-frequency damping. A technique was devised to achieve these goals. The standard plate helix was replaced by a sand-filled hollow helix of triangular cross section, and the core diameter was increased with an attendant reduction in helix depth. Extended in-mine tests demonstrated the operational capability of the reduced-noise auger cutting heads. The simple noise control concepts are valid for all continuous miner cutting heads. The sand-filled hollow helix technique, which achieved a 10 dB(A) noise reduction for the auger, can be used on any helix-bearing Cutting head.

Jan 1, 1983

By Román Tejada R

El presente trabajo señala los resultados del sostenimiento de labores subterráneas a través del proceso de pre-inyecciones e inyecciones de contacto y consolidación. De acuerdo a este estudio, se encontró que la mina San Vicente contiene estructuras denominadas "Brechas de Colapso", compuestas de material suelto y deleznable que originan un problema en el laboreo minero. En este sentido, se busca un método que se adecúe a estas estructuras como el "Inyección de cemento"donde no se requiere de muchos aditivos.

Nov 8, 1984

By Rafael Valencia-Dongo, Ernesto Ramírez, Julio Tapia

Enfocado en una novedosa metodología de resolución de conflictos basada en la teoría de juegos, este artículo propone estrategias para generar un equilibrio estable entre empresa, Estado y comunidad. Tras evaluar la tipología y características de la conflictividad socioambiental por acción de líderes opositores a la inversión, se desarrolla un marco de resolución de conflictos a través de lo que se denominan pactos de contrapeso, que cubren los ámbitos de comunicación, gestión sociopolítica y fidelización del trabajador minero. Estos pactos permiten cambiar la percepción, incentivos y acciones de los actores, lo que incluye la acción de terceros legítimos.

Sep 30, 2019

By Ted Nye

This paper describes a number of aspects of the design and construction of a driven tunnel which forms part of the Boggo Road Busway project. The driven tunnel is 430m long with an excavated width of 15m and a full tunnel excavation height of 8m. The first section of driven tunnel was excavated under the heritage listed Boggo Road Jail for a length of 120m. The main jail buildings and perimeter walls were built in 1908 and are of brick construction. Ground cover over the tunnel beneath the jail site varied from 5.5m to 8m and as a consequence the predicted settlement values and their potential to cause damage to the buildings were critical to determining and obtaining approval for the selected tunnel alignment. The geology along the driven tunnel alignment was very variable, providing mixed face tunneling conditions and ranging from surface residual soils to high strength rock at depth. The maximum ground cover above the driven tunnel is 20m.