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By Luis de Montreul

El presente texto señala algunos aspectos mineralógicos de la Cordillera Oriental del Perú. La Cordillera oriental se encuentra segmentada por profundos cáñones a través de los cuales se produce el drenaje hacia la Hoya Amazónica. Dicha entidad se desarolla hacia el este de los valles andinos, de forma paralela a la Cordillera Occidental. El dominio de la Cordillera Oriental es de mineralización polimetálica; pero, esta inmensa región del país es relativamente poco conocida desde el aspecto de su geología como de su metalogenia. De otro lado, se describe la faja aurífera de Pataz-Tayabamba, ubicación, geología general, económica, la mineralización del níquel en el Área de Huánuco, Tingo María, el área de Tarma Oxapampa-Ambo, el área de Vilcabamba, entre otras zonas.

Jan 1, 1981

By Alvin M. Cummings

During the period from June to September 1943, the Bureau of Mines undertook an investigation of the Vial mine, near the village of Linden I in Iowa County, Wis., as part of a general investigation of the zinc-producing area of southwestern Wisconsin. The work was done when every effort was being made to increase the production of metals important to the Nation's war program. The Bureau completed 29 churn-drill holes aggregating 3,348 feet of bore in areas immediately north and west of the old Vial mine, which had been worked intermittently between 1908 and 1939. The drilling supplemented a previous drilling program by the lessees and disclosed the presence of two significant zones of mineralization.

Jan 1, 1948

By J. R. Linney

APPROXIMATELY 5,788,000 long tons of crude ore was produced by the Eastern magnetite industry in 1946, or a drop of 26 per cent compared -with 1945. Decrease in production -throughout the industry varied from :8 per cent for the mine with the lowest reduction to 49 per cent for the mine -with the highest reduction. At the Chateaugay mine, operated by :the Republic Steel Corp. at Lyon Mountain, N. Y., 426,900 long tons of crude ,ore was produced, yielding 129,500 long tons of concentrates or a reduction of 46 per cent compared with the previous year. Owing to a strike the mine was closed down from Jan. 21 to July 29. At the Mineville mines, also operated by Republic Steel, output was 755,000 long tons of crude ore or a reduction of 49 per cent compared with 1945. The yield from the crude ore production consisted of 51,500 long tons of lump ore and 380,000 long tons of concentrates. The Mineville plant did not operate from March 17 through July 28, on account of the strike. The Fisher Hill mine, which produced 93,000 long tons of crude ore, included in the above figures, has not operated since March 17, 1946.

Jan 1, 1947

By Alvin Schallis

The. problem of supplying enough magnesia for the American war effort has become highly important. Before hostilities began, only about two-thirds of our, require vents came from domestic sources; now they must supply almost all the magnesia we need. A further burden is placed upon our own supply by the fact that more and more magnesia is being required, not alone to pace the war tempo of general industrial activity, but also to replace chrome ore in refractories and to make magnesium metal. The domestic magnesite and brucite industry is equipping itself to satisfy much of this greater demand for magnesia, but the remainder must be obtained elsewhere. The principal sources of magnesia are magnesite, brucite, dolomite or high-magnesium limestone, natural brines, sea water, salt-works bitterns, magnesium silicates, and magnesium salts. Although dolomite is tae subject of this paper, it should be considered in perspective with all these highly competitive sources of magnesia.

Jan 1, 1943

By F. H. Gunnell, W. C. Dunham

"INTRODUCTION The Treasure Hill mines, situated in Dry Canyon, Ophir mining district, Tooele County, Utah, together with several other properties in the district, examined were examined by Frank L. Wideman, an engineer, the Bureau of Mines, in September 1942.In April 1945, development drilling was started on the Treasure Hill mines, which are operated under lease from the Madison Mines Co. The project was continued in 1946 and terminated in 1947.While the Bureau of Mines project was in progress, the Morgan and Fullion tunnel workings were surveyed by Bureau engineers.ACKNOWKEDGEMENTSIn its program of investigation of mineral deposits, the Bureau of Mines has as its primary objective the more effective utilization of our mineral resources to the end that they make the greatest possible contribution to national security and economy, It is the policy of the Bureau to publish the facts developed by each project as soon as practicable after its conclusion. The Mining Branch, Lowell B. Moon, chief, conducts preliminary examinations, performs the actual investigative perk, and prepares the final report. The Branch, O. C. Ralston, chief, analyzes samples and performs beneficiation tests. The work here described was under the direct supervision of Paul T. Allsman, chief, Salt Lake City Division, Mining Branch."

Jan 1, 1948

By S. W. Zoldok

"ERRATUMFor paragraph 1, page 1, read the following:The Cle Elum nickeliferous iron deposits occur on an unconformable contact between the serpentine and overlying Swauk sandstone formation and extend about 2 miles along the Cle Elum River in Kittitas County, Wash.The linear extent of the deposits and their proximity to a large source of,electric power and coal supply indicated that a development program was in order to determine the probable grade, extent of the ore bodies, and a suitable metallurgical process for recovering the iron, nickel, and chromium from the ore.The northern portion of the serpentine formation was investigated by the Bureau of Mines from August to December 1943 and from August to October 1944. The investigation consisted of road building, diamond drilling, sampling, and metallurgical tests.The Geological Survey assisted with logging of cores and made geologic and topographic maps."

Feb 1, 1948

By Thomas E. Howard

Man has been engaged in the construction of tunnels in. rock for several thousand years. During that time, methods of tunneling have changed drastically. Hordes of men chipping away at the tunnel face have been replaced by mechanical drills and explosives and by tunnel boring machines. Spoil is no longer carried on the backs of humans, but is now removed by trains, trucks or conveyor systems. These and other changes have had the effect of greatly increasing the rate of tunneling, while at the same time, greatly decreasing the potential dangers to workmen. Although the techniques, equipment and material used for tunneling are being continually improved, rock tunneling is still a slow and expensive process. Significant improvements and innovations are needed to reduce the cost and time required for tunneling if we are to fully utilize the subsurface to aid in the solution of urban problems and in the conservation of resources. This report is intended to facilitate the orderly development of tunneling technology by focusing attention on the inadequacies of rock tunneling and the improvements that are needed. The data presented were derived from the results of a comprehensive questionnaire that was completed during the summer of 1969 by more than 600 individuals and organizations in 17 countries. Table 1 lists the countries and the number of replies from each. Appendix A contains a summary profile of the national responses, while the text presents the results and a brief analysis of the conclusions that might be derived from the data in the questionnaire. The data shown in Appendix A represent the consensus opinion of each of the 17 nations without regard to the number of individual replies or the amount of tunneling activity that is represented. The national consensus was determined for each country by a plurality of the individual responses, in some cases modified by the opinion of the rapporteur. Tire above procedures can lead to situations which are misleading. For example, experience and activity arc a rational basis for analysis; but, if national replies are weighted on this basis (i.e., number of responses), informed and valuable opinion of less active countries would probably be overwhelmed and lost. In analysing the data on the basis of national responses without weighting, it becomes apparent that many of the same problems exist under a given set of conditions regardless of the number of tunnels that have been driven.

Jan 1, 1970

By J. Arce

El presente trabajo describe el proceso de exploración del yacimiento minero de Tintaya en Cusco. Para ello, se realiza un estudio de polarización inducidad y dos perforaciones donde se encontró que dicho yacimiento no se limita al contenido de reservas de óxidos, sino que a partir de esta investigación se pudo localizar gran cantidad de minerales de alcance vertical con bornita y otros sulfuros, considerándolo un potencial de depósito de sulfuros en la minería peruana.

Nov 20, 1972

By Vhutali Carol Madanda, FHATUWANI SENGANI, François Mulenga

The first introduction of fuzzy theory in the nineteenth century created room for continuous research and application in various fields. Fuzzy set theory has been globally applied in geotechnical engineering, and research in this field continues to date. The fuzzy inference system is considered to be one of the most popular techniques adopted to resolve some of the geomechanical challenges faced in both surface and underground excavations. This paper unpacks fuzzy theory-based approaches in mine geomechanics with the aim of expanding the innovative application of the same approach specifically in tunnel geomechanics. This aim was achieved by conducting a review of recent successful and unsuccessful applications of fuzzy inference systems in underground excavations/tunnelling geomechanics. Indeed, this review has outlined some cardinal points associated with the ability of the technique to solve complex geomechanics problems. However, the success of the technique was accompanied by a few limitations associated with the methodology. Finally, a future outlook associated with the technique has been established.

May 15, 2023

By Robert M. Becker

This report (part 3 of a five-part series) presents computer programs for evaluating moments and moment relationships of the generalized probability distributions extended or developed in parts I and 2. The principal program is for evaluating the first three moments and moment relationships of the compound-multinomial distribution for finite as well as for infinite populations. This is the generalized distribution for sampling to some amount of items per sample. Another program is for evaluating the first four moments, the moments of the mean, and the moment relationships of the multinomial and generalized hypergeometric distributions. This is a general moment program in sampling to some number of items per sample or for sampling to some number of samples. This program will accept either ungrouped data, frequency data, or probability data.

Jan 1, 1965

By R. D. Brown

"AbstractIn order to raise the enormous amounts of capital which will be essential for the development of Canada's mineral and petroleum resources, this country's resource industry must be permitted to earn an acceptable rate of return. The existing tax regime, with its high rates, complexities and misdirected incentives, presents a serious obstacle to our resource industries in their development of Canada's immense , but increasingly lean, resources. Government tax and other policies are not the only cause of the crisis now facing the resource sector in Canada, but a reformed tax system, with stable and reasonable tax burdens, is required if Canada's resources of minerals, oil and natural gas are to continue to contribute in the future, as in the past, to our national well-being.An independent task force, organized under the auspices of the Canada West Foundation, has recently completed a wide -ranging report: on the future development of Canada's mineral, oil and gas resources. This five-volume report, completed after almost two years of research and study, concludes that Canada •is facing a major crisis •in the development of our resources, It states that unless corrective action is taken now, mineral production and exports could decline drastically after 1985, at the same time that Canada would face massive bills for imported oil because of inadequate and declining production.The task force, chaired by the author of this article, has put forward recommendations for a fundamental shift in both federal and provincial policies in order that Canada's mineral reserves can be developed in the national interest. This article consists of excerpts from the summary of the task force's report."

Jan 1, 1977

By F. S. Crawford

The wide variation in the medical facilities, type of accident reports and provision for the welfare of employees, in addition to the compensation provided by the various State laws,- was -studi-eci, by the.. wri-ter in the Lake .. Superior_ r.egion . .. - -Several cDmpanies f~rnished. the information which follows. Names have been omitted , ~ut the information should be of .intere·st to companies desirous of improving t_his branch of thej..r accident-prevention work. : . . --Because a summary of the metho.ds used would merel:y: result in _ a.n a.ttempt to set _up an ideal, it was concluded that in preparing this paper a statem.ent .of_ tbe individual methods of -each company wou-l d .b-e .Qf .. the most inte-res.t, . and the.y h~ve . been .. li.steq with .no regard to the size of the company . . ··· -In the - appendix are -a -number of report. forms used by .various _operators for reporting accidents to t he company and .to the State. These are self- explanatory. and many a re mentioned in -the body of circu-1-ar-.

Mar 1, 1932

By V. Rajaram

R.K. Leininger, N.R. Hasenmueller, and D.D. Carr The content of the paper by V. Rajaram does not fulfill the expectations of the title. But Rajaram submitted the article in October 1983, and he could not have foreseen the numerous developments that would occur before his paper was published more than two years later. Nevertheless, Rajaram failed to mention the interest in oil shale development in southern Indiana beginning in late 1979 and continuing through the present as a result of special financial encouragement of three oil shale projects in May and August 1984 by the Indiana Energy Development Board and the Indiana Corp. for Science and Technology. A session at the 1985 Eastern Oil Shale Symposium in Lexington, KY, Nov. 18-20, 1985, gave the current status of oil shale developments in the eastern United States. Speakers at this session reported on the three Indiana projects. First, Gary D. Aho, Cliffs Engineering Inc., spoke on a feasibility study by Cliffs Engineering and Allis Chalmers for a site-specific pilot plant using the Allis Chalmers process. The plant site is in Clark County, IN, on property of the Midwest Energy Resources Co. The project is funded by $240,908 each from the Indiana Energy Development Board/Corp. for Science and Technology (EDB/CST) and the US Department of Energy (DOE) and $120,454 from the corporate sponsors (total $602,270). Completion is scheduled for mid-1986. Next, Edwin M. Piper, Stone and Webster Engineering Corp., discussed the American Syn-Crude/Indiana Oil Shale Project. This effort followed the completion of two smaller projects funded by the Indiana EDB/ CST: "Testing of Indiana Oil Shale in a Petrosix Pilot Plant" (total funding by EDB/CST at $50,000) and "Assessment of the Petrosix Process for an Indiana Shale Oil Plant" (total funding by EDB/CST at $100,000). The status at the time of the report at the Oil Shale Symposium was that a request for an extension of time for securing nonfederal support had been submitted to the US Synfuels Corp. The proposal included building an 11-m (36-ft) diam retort in southeastern Indiana to process the New Albany Shale and to produce 366 m3 (2300 bbl) of shale oil per day by the PETROSIX process. The Indiana EDB/CST had contracted with Stone and Webster at $401,100 from EDB/CST and $245,835 from Stone and Webster for activities to advance the project in the negotiations with Synfuels Corp. At the time of the report, this project was the only eastern oil shale proposal that was still on the agenda of the Synfuels Corp. As a result of Congressional action in late December 1985, federal support from the Synfuels Corp. is no longer possible. Finally, Victor H. Carr, Eastern Shale Research Corp., described his firm's project, which is jointly supported by DOE ($227,749) and the Indiana EDB/ CST ($73,850) and is entitled "Feasibility Study to Determine Suitability of an In-Situ Process to Recover Hydrocarbons from Eastern Shale." An area in Scott County, IN, had been chosen, but not a specific 9 x 15-m (30 x 50-ft) site. One burn of a small in situ retort is contemplated as part of the project. Besides these three projects, several reports on shale research were presented. Joseph Damukaitis, American Syn-Crude Corp., reported that a pilot plant using the hydrogenation-extraction (H-E) process (described at the 1984 Eastern Oil Shale Symposium) was 94% built and would go through shakedown with oil shale but would then shift mechanical devices to process coal mine waste. Current status of research on the HYTORT process was then presented by Raymond C. Rex, Jr. Oil shale beneficiation research at the University of Alabama/Minerals Research Institute was reported by R. Bruce Tippin. Scott D. Carter discussed continued research on fluidized-bed retort¬ing of shale at the Kentucky Center for Energy Research Laboratory. Carl E. Roosmagi of DOE, Morgantown, reported on the oil shale research at the Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) laboratory. Henry J. Gomberg, Ann Arbor Nuclear Inc., discussed "Radiation Combined with Donor Solvents for Extraction and Up-Grading of Kerogen." Aurora M. Rubel and coauthor Eileen Davis presented results of research at the Kentucky Center for Energy Research Laboratory under the title "The Effect of Shale Particle Size on the Products from the Bench Scale Fixed Bed Steam Pyrolysis of Kentucky Sunbury Shale." Lastly, Maria Rockwell, Technical University of Nova Scotia, presented "Processing and Up-Grading of Low Grade Nova Scotia Oil Shale for Potential Use." A review of shale oil prospects by Gerald Parkinson in Chemical Engineering for Feb. 3, 1986, covers both western and eastern projects and includes a report that the US DOE is funding a few relatively small projects; most of the fiscal 1986 budget of $12 million for shale oil is for fundamental research. Projects include a $3.2 million three-year contract with Hycrude Corp. (Chicago) for development of the HYTORT process and a $1.2 million three-year contract with the University of Alabama's Mineral Resources Institute on beneficiation of eastern oil shale by froth flotation. The report incorrectly states that current projects include a total investment of $466 million in a pair of 18-month technical and economic feasibility studies for proposed projects in southern Indiana. The correct figure is $468,657 [$240,908 for the Cliffs Engineering/

Jan 10, 1986

By A. N. Baldwin

This report documents the work performed under Bureau of Mines Contract J0265029 to study and develop two innovative mining systems: ? An underground auger capable of augering into the right and left ribs without repositioning the machine ? A conventional mining system employing recently developed innovative machinery. The report is separated into two volumes to document the two studies separately. Volume I describes work performed and the recommended concept for a bidirectional auger. Volume II describes the studies of mining equipment performance and mining plans developed to determine a conventional mining plan offering improved productivity.

Jan 1, 1977

By Jack O. Jones

The Furnish mine, Caharrus County, W. C., was operated intermittently until 1905 as a gold mine. Scheelite was discovered by A. L. Mash in the mine dumps of the Furniss and Phoenix mines, and he later informed the Bureau of Mines of his discovery. The Bureau of Mines, in two projects at the deposit in 1948 and in drilled 12 holes totaling 1,706.6 feet, examined and sampled the underground workings, excavated by bulldozer and hand, 3,155 linear feet of trenches and collected numerous samples for assay. The best scheelite shown; was found in the underground exposure of the Furniss mine.

Jan 1, 1950

[This is the eighth in a series of reports on properties of commercial motor fuels, made in accordance with a cooperative agreement between the Cooperative Fuel Research (C.F.R.) Committee and the Bureau of Mines of the United States Department of the interior. The fir t report gave data on motor gasolines sold during the winter of 1935-36.3/ The present report, covering 1,679 simples, represents the products of US companies plus those from the Pacific coast, witch were averaged by the Pacific Coast Technical Group before being submitted and arc published exactly as they were submitted. The three groups of data on samples of regular, premium, and third-grade gasolines are averred separately. the, number of samples and brands representing each grade are as follows: Regular price, 869 samples, 76 brands; premium price, 452 sample, 45 brands; third-grade 358 samples, 52 brands. In this report the same marketing districts are retained as were used in the preceding report, and as for as possible the actual sampling points in each area are indicated on table 1.]

Jan 1, 1940

By Don Deardorff, Ke Yang, Yingcai Han, Ken Sorensen, Robert Kruger, Mark Petersen, Diane Fiorelli, Larry Goldfarb, Kathryn Petek, Kwabena Ofori-Awuah

Design of deep foundations for lateral loads requires an understanding of soil-foundation-structure response during loading. Lateral loads on a deep foundation (piles) could be due to earthquakes, winds, waves, and/or machine vibrations. Over the years, analysis of response of piles due to lateral loads evolved from closed-form solutions to p-y methods to strain wedge to finite element/finite difference modeling. Although analysis of lateral response of piles and shafts is routinely performed, there is no single guidance document and/or standard for design and testing. Several different analytical methods are available for the analysis, and the resulting design can result in significantly different responses which can create confusion. This is especially true for analyzing and designing piles in potentially liquefiable soils with lateral spread issues under seismic conditions.This guidance document is intended to assist geotechnical engineers, pile designers, and contractors in analysis, design, and testing of piles and drilled shafts for lateral loads. This document discusses the background of different analytical and testing procedures and presents the recommended methods for analysis, design and testing of piles for lateral loads.Chapter 1 defines the different kinds of lateral loads to which a single pile or pile group may be subjected. This first chapter also presents different types of piles used to resist lateral loads.Chapter 2 discusses geotechnical issues related to lateral pile design such as liquefaction and lateral spreading and other non-seismic issues. Also addressed in Chapter 2 is geotechnical site characterization (as related to lateral loads) in terms of site investigation, in-situ testing, geophysical testing, laboratory testing, and estimation of soil/rock properties.Chapter 3 discusses the background and available analytical methods and tools for the analysis and design of single piles and drilled shafts. Several methods of analyses from closed-form elastic solutions to the finite element/finite difference solutions and their applicability are discussed. Available commercial computer software packages for analyzing single piles and drilled shafts are also presented.Chapter 4 expands the discussion of single piles and drilled shafts into the analysis and design of pile groups. In addition, group effects, resistance of pile caps, results of previous experimental and analytical studies, and available analysis tools and software for pile groups are discussed.Chapter 5 presents the issue of lateral resistance of piles and drilled shafts as discussed in different national and international building and non-building codes. A summary of extensive research on several codes are presented to facilitate the compliance with different codes.Chapter 6 discusses structural design issues of individual piles and drilled shafts such as depth of fixity.Chapter 7 discusses soil structure interaction issues related to kinematic and inertial effects due to seismic loading and available methods of analyses.Chapter 8 discusses and presents the typical procedures for the lateral load testing of piles. This guideline was developed as an aid to the practicing engineer in providing information, direction and commentary on the lateral design of deep foundations. Although all reasonable effort has been made to accurately compile the material and information contained herein, no warranty is made with regard to any such material or information and the Deep Foundation Institute assumes no responsibility for any possible errors or any direct or indirect result of the use of any such material or information. It is not intended that this document address every factor affecting lateral design for every situation. Therefore it is the responsibility of the person utilizing information from this document to confirm that it is appropriate and correct for their situation as well as to understand and properly apply

Jan 1, 2012

By R. J. Burgess

During World War II the shortage of ore revived interest in eastern iron deposits, among which -!2..c "Ile Massachusetts and Connecticut limonites. The Cheever mine, in the Richmond-Salisbury area of Massachusetts, was formerly a large producer of limonite ere. The Bureau of Mines investigated the lateral and downward extensions of the Cheever ore body, which was mined from about 1850 to 1892, by ap open cut 1,000 feet long and also by underground workings. even holes aggregating 1,723 feet, were drilled by the Bureau during the winter of 1943-44. They comprised three diamond-core drill holes, two churn-drill holes, and two rotary-drill holes. A geophysical survey of the Cheever mine area and adjoining ground was made in conjunction with the drilling program. Although this survey did not locate the limonite ore beds, the data were of considerable assistance in locating the limestone contact which forms the footwall of the ore beds. Drilling disclosed two beds of limonite with a heavy overburden of glacial till.

Jan 1, 1949

By John F. McElhiney, Hosseim Kazemi

This chapter is a review of fluid flow and mass trans- port in fractured rocks. The topics include: single-phase and multiple-phase flow theory, formation productivity or injectivity improvement by artificial fracturing, and mass transport associated with fracture acidizing. Possible extension and application of such ideas to in situ mining in fractured rocks are presented.

Jan 1, 1974

By J. D. Warne

The ferberite district of Boulder County, Colo., has been an important producer of tungsten since 1900. During World War I, high prices for tungston concontrates resulted in a brief period of intense activity, and the production in 1917 was 2,707 tons of 60 percent W03 concentrates. Production declined thereafter, and in 19.2 the tungsten produced in Boulder County represented about 4 percent of the Nation's output, being exceeded only by the scheelite production in California, Nevada, and Idaho. Boulder County has boon an important source: of tungsten in the Korean emergency; the present report does not describe this recent activity, as it will be covered by a future publication. Tungsten occurs in small ore shoots of narrow and irregular veins. Most of the ore shoots have been found outcropping on the surface. Core drilling; has been used by the larger operators to explore for new veins and to locate extensions of known veins.

Jan 1, 1953