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By Wilbert J. Huff

[This is the fifth of a series of annual reports of the explosives Division, Bureau of Mines, United States Department of the Interior.3/ It deals particularly with work done during the period July 1, 1939, to June 30, 1939. The writer and the respective unit leader to whom credit is indicated have directed the various studies outlined.]

Jan 1, 1940

By L. C. IlsLey

The increasing use of Diesel engines for operating equipment on trunk-line railroads and for power-plant units has stimulated interest in the use of Diesel engines for other lines of work, among which is the possibility of substituting Diesel locomotives for trolley locomotives for mines. The possibility of developing Diesel locomotives for duty in American mines is not as remote as it might seem, particularly in view of the fact that locomotives of this type are already used in considerable numbers in European mines. A study of Diesel locomotives in Europe is contained in Report of Investigations 3320, Diesel Mine Locomotives - Development and Use in European Coal Mines, by George S. Rice and F. E. Harris.

Jan 1, 1938

By Lars G. Olavson

A prototype roof bolt which can be remotely placed by pumping has been developed by the Bureau of Mines. It is known as the "Pumpable Bolt". With the objective of field testing the effectiveness of the pumpable Bolt roof support system a mining machine was developed capable of installing Pumpable Bolts in the normal production cycle of a typical underground coal mine. The machine was built and the pumpable Bolt concept tested and evaluated as a total system in shop and mine tests. The machine was operated in the mining cycle of two mines and pumpable Bolts were installed at both mine sites.

Jan 1, 1976

By G. L. Fitzpatrick

A portable optical instrument for performing multispot laser vibrometry is described. The instrument is capable of measuring arrival times, surface motion frequency, and surface velocity and displaying these quantities in various useful ways. Sigma Research is currently pursuing the development of such optical measuring systems for the evaluation of structures in rock by non-contact interferometry methods. This work was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Interior (U.S. Bureau of Mines) under a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract number J0145075. The goal of the work was to develop a portable tripod mounted measuring system which can be set up at arbitrary distances (up to 30 meters) from a surface and project four in-line laser sample beams on this surface. A light receiving telescope gathers the scattered light from these four spots and provisions are made to mix this light with a reference beam from the laser. Four photodiodes are employed to determine the resultant interference signals which characterize the motion (particle velocity, frequency, amplitude) of the four illuminated spots on the surface under sudy. Information of this type can then be used to characterize the elastic or mechanical properties of the surface in question. In some cases (if more than four spots are involved) this surface information could be back propagated to draw inferences about the internal state of the material volume bounded by this surface.

Jan 1, 1987

By H. D. Kline

This paper describes the methods of mining and washing brown iron are in 1957 at the Sawyer mine, leased by Wayne County Mining Co., and the Fore mine, leased by Four Mining Co., both in southern Missouri; it is one of a series prepared by the Federal Bureau of Mines on mining and milling methods and costs in various districts of the United States. The Sawyer mine is in Wayne County, about 10 miles north-northeast of Williamsville (fig. 1); the Fore mine is in Howell County, about 20 miles southwest of West Plains (fig. 2). Both are open-pit mines from which the crude are was upgraded by washing and hand-sorting to produce are of grade and quality suitable for sale to operators of iron and steel furnaces. The operations described are typical of many others that produce or have produced marketable brown iron are from small sedimentary deposits, several hundred of which outcrop on the crests or hill sides of southern Missouri (fig. 3). The 1957 production of marketable brown iron are by 40 separate operations in the southern part of the State was 281,427 wet long tons, valued at $1,637,243. Production from the Sawyer mine that year was 17,000 dry long tons of washed are, and from the Fore mine, 20,816 dry long tons.

Jan 1, 1960

By H. P. Rue

The Bureau of Mines has recently collected two samples of crude oil from wells in the Greasewood Flat area of northeastern Colorado. Sample 31310 was taken from the Continental Oil Co.'s well Briggs No. 1 which care in or September 27, 1931, with a maximum production of 940 barrels per day. Sample 31311 was taken from tie Reiter-Foster Oil Co. Is well Ida Johnson No. 1 which came in on August 24, 1931 with a maximum production of approximately 1000 barrels per day.

Jan 1, 1932

By H. C. Fowler

Technical developments in the American petroleum industry as regards exploration, drilling, production, and transportation were characterized by many anomalous conditions during the half decade 1914-19. A review of the literature of that period discloses the striking fact that individual geologists, engineers, and other technologists were surprisingly well versed concerning the occurrence of natural hydrocarbons and methods of extracting them and were acquainted with many of the physical and chemical characteristics that influence the behavior of fluids in natural reservoirs. However, the industry as a whole knew little of the correct application of recognized fundamentals; indeed, judged by present standards certain expediencies of self-styled "practical' operators seem cumbersome, if not evidences of ignorance.

Jan 1, 1941

By Fredrick L. Johnson

In deposits of the John Muir Wilderness, tungsten is the principal metallic element. Gold, silver, copper, and molybdenum could be recovered as by-products from most of the tungsten deposits. More than 1 million tons (0.9 million t) of tungsten resources are estimated to be along the fringes of metasedimentary roof pendants. Gold-silver deposits and silver-copper-lead-zinc deposits with small resources are found at several localities. The association of metal deposits with the intrusive-metasedimentary rock contacts and the widespread existence of these contacts, suggests additional resources exist. The area has no known potential for coal, oil, gas, or geothermal energy.

Jan 1, 1981

By Milne J. Schmid

A program has been conducted to determine the feasibility of providing a borehole liner for Kelly Bar drilled boreholes in Southern Florida. The concept was to drill the borehole with the Kelly Bar and with it still in the borehole insert a tube which would remain in the unstable ground after withdrawl of the bar. The tube then will provide an unobstructed borehole for the charging of explosives upon completion of the drilling the shot pattern.

Jan 1, 1977

VOLUME III The objective of Volume III of this report is to provide a concise review of six major types of legal constraints, controls, and regulations on surface coal mining in the United States, as of January, 1976. At the same time, an attempt is made to format the details of federal and state exploration, mining, and reclamation regulations such that point-by-point comparisons can be made and updated as revisions occur. Thus, Volume III should provide both an executive overview and a user's manual of legal controls of surface coal mining.

Jan 1, 1976

By W. W. Weller

Thermodynamic values for scandium and its compounds are very sparse. This is evident upon examination of any of the commonly used compilations of thermodynamic data. For example, National Bureau of Standards Circular 5004 lists only four heat of formation values, two free energy of formation values, and four heat-capacity values for scandium compounds. The entropy of crystalline scandium is one of the most fundamental values that has been lacking. This Bureau of Mines paper reports heat-capacity data for scandium metal in the temperature range from 50° to 298° K., together with the entropy value at 298.15° K. derived from these data through application of the third law of thermodynamics.

Jan 1, 1962

By Lyda W. Hersloff

An environmental monitoring program was established to assess the baseline of parameters which may be impacted by a research and development hydraulic borehole mining operation. During the baseline program, two aquifers were identified at the borehole site with the overlying sand aquifer being distinct from the ore sand aquifer on the basis of radiological parameters. The direction of flow of groundwater was determined to be north 19° west at a rate of 1.82 feet per year. Tests to determine the effect of backfilling the boreholes indicated that using overburden from the open pit mining operation would not significantly increase the radiological consti¬tuents of the ore sand aquifer. Mining measurements of the- radon flux from the borehole indicated that the actual release rate of 0.035 pCi/sec was several orders of magnitude less than the calculated estimate by the Environmental Protection Agency. Finally, a gamma survey conducted at the site indicated that the terrestrial component of background radiation was consistent with that in areas near uranium deposits. The methodology used as well as the supporting data are given in this report.

Jan 1, 1981

By Edmond Chin

The land mass of the Asia and Pacific region comprises 11 million square miles or about 15% of the total Earth's land area. The bulk of the region is contained on the Asian continental land mass. Australia, the world's largest island or the world's smallest continent, alone is almost as large as the continental United States. The islands of New Zealand, New Guinea, Borneo, Sumatra, and Honshu are among the largest in the world. Collectively, they constitute a land area of 1.1 million square miles or an area about one-fourth the size of the United States. The countries in the Asia and Pacific region represent some of the most vibrant economies in the world. Japan is undisputed as one of the world's leaders in manufacturing and commerce. Hong Kong and Singapore are significant both as entrepôt and banking centers. The economies of Australia, the Republic of Korea, and Taiwan compare favorably to the level of the industrialized countries in western Europe. Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand have maintained strong economic growth during the past two decades. All these countries in the Asia and Pacific region collectively constitute a significant bloc as to raw materials production and consumption, as to manufacturing, and as to world trade.

Jan 1, 1992

By J. L. Wiley

[NOTE. - P before the number indicates that the ab tract appears in patent section. Abstract numbers without. P appear in literature section. A Abietic acid, hydrogenolysis - 404 Acetone, recovery - P-4024 Acetylacetonate catalyst - P-3352, P-3664, P-6067 Acetylene, production - P-2556, P-3169, P-4064, P-4221, P-4222, P-5002 Acid catalyst - P-4584 Salts - P-4555 See also Specific acid. Acid treatment. See Procedure. Adsorption. See Hydrogen, adsorption. Agitation. See Equipment, agitators; Procedure. Alcohols: Decomposition -1128 Hydrogenation - P-3288, P-4743 In motor fuel - 1486]

Jan 1, 1952

New Trade Status for Mainland China--On January 24, the Congress approved a most-favored-nation trade status with Mainland China for both imports and exports. A Presidential Proclamation had been issued earlier in anticipation of the Congressional action. Import duties on such commodities as tungsten, mercury, and antimony are automatically decreased. Defense Production Act Extended--The Defense Production Act of 1950 was extended 60 days to March 28, 1980. The provision for the usual 2-year extension of the Act is reportedly included in an omnibus energy bill that is tied up in committee. The Act under Title III provides for the expansion of productive capacity and supply and, more specifically, it gives priority to defense contracting where defense and non-defense interests conflict

Jan 1, 1980

By H. Britton

This bulletin is the seventh in the series of petroleum bibliographies published by the Bureau of Mines, Bulletins 149, 165, 180, 189, 216, and 220 being compilations for the years 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919-20, and 1921, respectively. In this bulletin the same general plan of classification of references has been followed, but several additions have been made. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Acknowledgment is made to the following organizations for the use of their libraries in the preparation of this bulletin: University of California, Stanford University, California State Mining Bureau, Union Oil Co. of California, Standard Oil Co. of California, and the Mechanics Mercantile Library of San Francisco; acknowledgment for their assistance is also made to H. H. Hill, C. P. Bowie, A. L. Foster, M. J. Gavin, H. C. Miller, E. B. Swanson, and Miss Louise Janssen, all of the Bureau of Mines, and to Miss Elizabeth H. Burroughs of the Union Oil Co. of California.

Jan 1, 1929

By E. R. Maize

[In report of Investigations 3452,5/ baling with roof movement in the Crucible mine, reference was made do to the fact tart timber decay was being studied at the time of writing. This roper, written after completion of that study, describes s the work and summarizes the data obtained. When the study of roof movement as begun at Crucible two ideas were advanced on decay Of timber by some of the officials: (1) That timber decay vas unusually rapid in the Crucible mine, and (2) that timber coated with rock dust decayed more rapidly than those teat were not so coated. There yore no records by which these ideas could be tested, and it appeared wise to make a limited; investigation particularly of the effect of rock dusting on decay, as rock dusting is an important means of preventing coal-dust explosions.]

Jan 1, 1940

Arsenic.--Inorganic arsenic has been added to the Environmental Protection Agency's list of hazardous air pollutants because of a high probability it can cause cancer. EPA estimates that inorganic arsenic emissions into ambient air total more than 6,000 tons per year, with about 65;L of this coming from the operations of copper, lead, and zinc smelters. Asbestos Detection.--In June 14, the President signed S. 1658 providing $172.5 million to detect and remove asbestos hazards in schools. Asbestos Use Must be Reported.--All firms using asbestos in the manufacture of some 30 categories of products must describe in detail how they use the mineral to the Consumer Product Safety Commission, for all manufactures since January 1, 1977.

Jan 1, 1980

By E. R. Maize

[In %-port of Invcstiptionn 7452 ,g dcniing with roof ~wet,ent in the Cmcibla r~ine, rof&apos;erence .,as m.da to the f~ct tiwt timker decny war, bsing studied at tho tine of writing. Thic napor, written a3er completion of that ~tudy, describ~s t1l.e ~mrl&apos;: and sunlharizea the fiats obtained. Ifhen tlle stu* oi roof novement bras be,- at Cxcible tw igeas \%.ere a6-r;incsd. on decay of tiriber Q: scne of :he olficialr;: (I.) 9:la.t timber decay v:as unustmlly rapid in ,tho Ciuoiblc mins, ,m?. ((2) that timber coated with rock ri..~st deixiyad morrl mpirlly thnn those %hat vsrc not so coated. Thsx ::ore no records by which tkeso &apos;iaeas could &apos;L;e tertcc?, ard it cnpsarefi vise to make a limite6 in- vo3tiption, p~.rticu!.ai.ly of +.he effect of roc!< dusting on decny, as rock ductirg is nn importnnt mer-ns of ~rc-,rcnt?;~g cad-dust eql-osions. ]

Jan 1, 1941

By L. C. IlsLey

The theory and practice followed by the Bureau of Mines in investigating electrical equipment4/ made for service in gassy mines are of particular interest not only to manufacturers but also to those organizations that deal with safety anal inspection at the mines. This publication purposes to discuss the theory upon which tests of equipment in explosive atmospheres are based and to consider inspection and other matters pertaining to investigations made by the Bureau in ascertaining whether a machine merits approval. The material in this report is taken from an earlier bulletin,5/ which is row out of print, and has been revised and brought up to date to make the information again available to manufacturers, inspectors, and others interested in the development of safe equipment.

Jan 1, 1954