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By E. L. Bruce

Red lake is a body of water some thirty miles in length lying about forty miles northwest of the outlet of Lac Seul. It forms one of several large lake expansions on a river which enters the English river from the north, twenty miles below Lac Seul. Before the construction of the National Transcontinental railway a long canoe journey was necessary to reach that part of the English river, and Red lake, two days travel beyond, was one of the furthest outposts of the trading companies in that difficultly accessible triangle of country between Lake Winnipeg, James Bay and the English and Albany rivers. The Hudson's Bay Company post at Red lake is said to be one of the earliest established in the district but there are no records at the post, and as the English and Albany rivers never were used to any great extent as travel routes there is no mention of the place in the diaries of any of the early explorers. Dr. Bell passed through Red lake on his excursion to the Berens river country in 1883, and a brief note mentions that Huronian rocks were seen. To Dr. Dowling, however, belongs the credit for the first thorough description of this basin of sediments and basic volcanics. In 1893 he followed the course of Dr. Bell's trip, of ten years previous, through Red lake to the upper part of the Berens river.

Jan 1, 1926

By H. E. Miard

"IntroductionIT HAS BEEN SAID, with good reason, that the future of the coal mining industry, in our mountainous regions at least, depends on ability to extend operations successfully to depths greater than those reached until now. However, at many points, Nature has given definite hints that trespassing there could be fraught with very un-pleasant possibilities, unless the intruder be governed by a series of rigidly observed principles. In the coal mines of British Columbia, so far, bumps have taken place only at the Coal Creek colliery, but there they gave ample evidence of the extent to which they can hamper underground operations. Some of these manifestations have also been experienced at the McGillivray Creek colliery, in Alberta, at Carbonado, in Washington, and at Sunnyside, in Utah.Cognate phenomena, known as 'air blasts', have been experienced also in some deep metalliferous mines in British Columbia. Such occurrences were responsible for three fatal accidents at the Le Roi and War Eagle mines, near Rossland, in 1916 and 1917.In more or less disturbed coal fields, another form of stress release, equally detrimental, has been still more generally experienced than have been the bumps. Coal outbursts have taken place at Morrissey and Coal Creek, in the Crow's Nest Pass district, and at Cassidy, South Wellington, and the Nanaimo Reserve colliery, on Vancouver island. Manifestations of this kind have been made the subject of intensive study in European countries where they occurred on a really impressive scale, which must not be construed as meaning that some of our own outbursts did not approach a comparable magnitude."

Jan 1, 1953

By R. A. Elliott

This paper describes the development of an infra-red ore dryer at the Mines Branch. The dryer utilizes an infra-red heat source mounted over a stainless-steel belt to dry ores and concentrates of varying particle size and moisture content. It has been found to ?be successful in meeting Mines Branch requirements of minimum dusting loss and ease of cleaning to decrease ,contamination between various batches of dried products. It is described with the hope that it might .prove useful in other laboratories where there are similar problems. It might have an application in the drying of concentrates containing high values where dust losses would result in a considerable loss of revenue; also for small batches of material or an intermittent drying problem.

Jan 1, 1958

By Garston Blackwell

Abstract - During geostatistical estimation of block grades, the kriging process produces a measure of error, the kriging variance or the kriging standard deviation. Estimation of the block error depends on the semi-variogram model for a deposit, which reflects fundamental characteristics of a deposit such as (1) nugget effect, (2) range of influence of grades, (3) different local spreads of data as a function of average grade (proportional effect), (4) nested structures, and (5) underlying anisotropies in the data; this model may be affected by sampling or assaying limitations, however. Because the kriging error incorporates so many features of both the deposit and data to be used for estimation, it may offer a substantial improvement on block classification over traditional procedures such as data density. Practice indicates that the relative kriging standard deviation (RKSD) is particularly useful for block classification in measured, indicated and inferred categories. Plots of RKSD in plan and section also can be used to demonstrate where extra drilling and sampling would be most advantageous for upgrading the class of some blocks. Moreover, the use of grade and RKSD filters can show where material near cut-off grade is poorly defined, indicating sampling target areas to improve block classification in the vicinity of the ore-waste boundary.

Jan 1, 1998

By Edgar Stansfield

Introduction First, I should define more closely the vague term 'recent work' that appears in the title of this paper. Following the period of depression that was an aftermath of the first Great War, the Research Council of, Alberta carried on for ten years without a Council and without a financial yote by the Legislature. In November, 1942, a new Council was formed, under the chairmanship of the Hon. N. E. Tanner, Minister of Lands and Mines, and a vote was granted by the Legislature early in 1943. By 'recent work', I mean work during the present regime. The Council is now going full steam ahead, or would be if it could get suitable technical assistance and required apparatus and materials. Lack of these has so far made unnecessary my responsibility for seeing that we do not exceed our estimates. The Annual Meeting of the Research Council will be held in November (1945), and at that meeting the programme of work for next year will be discussed. The present time is therefore the correct time for any of you who may have ideas as to work which might profitably be undertaken by the Council, to submit these ideas for consideration. I propose to discuss my subject under several headings, and to give enough of these to show that the Council has wide interests.

Jan 1, 1946

By John Hartlen

"The 19th century was an ""age of gold"" and Nova Scotia experienced its share of early gold rushes. Gold mining activity in the province was focussed into three ""rushes"" which occurred, approximately, in the 1860s, 1890s and 1930s; a total recovery of 1.1 million oz. Au has been recorded. The purpose of this note is simply to chronicle the technical development of gold mining and processing in the province and to comment briefly on the recently renewed interest in this precious metal. The first public discovery of gold in Nova Scotia was made by a farmer in 1860 at Old Tangier or Mooseland, and this find sparked the province's first gold rush. The mining and milling methods of the 1860s were ingenious. Initially, arrastras, crude stone-hewn grinding mills, drawn by men, mules or horses, were widely used. Nova Scotia's first conventional stamp mill was installed at Mooseland by 1862; it was comprised of four wooden stamps and is believed to have been imported from Scotland. One of the largest waterwheels of the 1860s, reportedly 16 feet in diameter and 8 feet wide with a SO-horsepower rating, was used in the Renfrew Gold District to drive gold stamps. Steam power was also employed, and many of the engines were of native construction, as was the unit at Waverley's Lake Major Company, which had a piston 1 foot in diameter by 12 feet long and was connected to a 16-ftdiameter flywheel."

Jan 1, 1999

By M. L. Haider

Introduction I Appreciate very much the opportunity of discussing with you tonight oil developments in western Canada. These developments are of importance to all of us, first because of their great economic significance to all of Canada, and second because of the location of the new oilfields. Situated as they are in the west and northwest, they are of considerable strategic value from the standpoint of continental defence. The story of oil development in Canada covers a span of almost a century, during which time success in finding reserves of petroleum was barely sufficient to maintain interest in continuing the search. Finally, in 1947, a well of the first importance was completed in Alberta and, judging by discoveries made since then, it appears that Canada, at long last, is to become an important producer of petroleum.

Jan 1, 1950

By H. Henao, F. Canales

The present work evaluated the use of copper ore flotation tails as flux in the process of smelting copper concentrates. For this purpose, experimental and simulated liquidus lines were obtained at different ratios of tail/flux. Experimental variables included temperature, partial pressure of oxygen and sulfur dioxide and the conditions of tridymite or spinel saturation. The results indicate the feasibility of replacing the flux by increasing the temperature of the smelting process by 20°C. Results of simulation using FactSage and HSC confirm that the required increase in temperature can be achieved by increasing the flow of concentrate, enrichment of oxygen or increasing the matte grade. INTRODUCTION In the pyro-metallurgical process of copper production, the smelting stage produces two liquid phases, a sulphide phase rich in copper and another composed mainly of oxides called slag. The slag phase is the product of oxidation of the iron contained in the flotation concentrate. The smelting process which is carried out at temperatures of 1250°C, require the addition of silica as a flux and the injection of air enriched in oxygen (Schlesinger 2011). Currently, one of the most important aspects of the mining industry is the minimization of costs, the optimization of the use of available resources and the reduction of environmental impact. Under this context, the use of flotation tails from as a flux in the copper smelting process has the potential of reduced production costs and generate an environmental benefit by reduce the disposal amount of this waste material Regarding the use of copper tails as flux in the copper smelting process, a thermodynamic simulation study using the FactSage software had been reported in the literature (Parra et al., 2011). The results indicated an increase of 35°C in the temperature the liquidus for the equilibrium matte/spinel and a subsequent requirement of energy in the process of approximately 350 [MJ/ton slag]. Given that the calculated viscosity remains in the same order of magnitude, the melting temperature is a more relevant parameter for the evaluation of the use of tailings as flux.

Jan 1, 2019

By Todd Kennedy, Kurt Tischler

"This paper presents the field experience of Siemens with regard to Gearless Drives in the mining industry … We consider the elapsed production hours of Siemens Gearless Drives to be extensive enough to provide a reliable estimation of availability calculated on the basis of data representing repair time, downtime, and operating time. The users of Siemens Gearless Drives confirm an availability of more than 98% after exclusion of some major issues. The paper addresses all of these major issues of Siemens Gearless Drives, describes successfully applied corrective measures, explains the influences on the design of the drives, and lists the downtimes associated with each of these issues. INTRODUCTIONThe first Siemens Gearless Drive in mining began operation in 1980 and was installed on an iron ore grinding mill. As of September 2011, 40 Siemens Gearless Drives will have accumulated 136,000 machine days of operating time. According to pure rules of statistical analysis, this accumulated operating time may be too low to be used for a sample of field data to provide precise statistical values of availability, however we consider it large enough to provide indicative values of worthwhile consideration. This paper deduces the availability statistics of Siemens Gearless Drives in the mining industry from information received from end users and factors in all major issues that Siemens has experienced with our Gearless Mill drives. This paper does not consider Gearless Drives in other industries such as the cement industry. The cement plants, especially in the northern hemisphere, interrupt production for several months in the winter. This lengthy downtime is used to maintain the complete plant including the mills, their motors and their drives. The mining industry has more stringent and higher production requirements. In the mining industry, production must run 24 hours per day, 365 days a year."

Jan 1, 2012

By Farid Mirahadi

Forecasting productivity of construction operations is a difficult but crucial task in planning construction projects. Over the past decades, many models have been developed to forecast productivity for different construction operations. Models made up of several functional relations and controlled by a specific number of control rules are more in line with human reasoning and logic. Neural-Network-Driven Fuzzy Reasoning (NNDFR) structure as one of these models shows a great performance for modeling datasets among which clear clusters are recognizable. Lack of the compatibility of conventional NNDFR with fuzzy clustering algorithms besides the insufficient attention paid to the optimization of number of clusters in this model, created a potential area for further research. The main contribution of the proposed model is to develop a modified NNDFR system to model construction data. To this end, Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm is substituted for K-means in NNDFR structure, and its parameters such as the number of clusters and weighting exponent are optimized through genetic algorithm. The proposed model is further verified through simulation of a construction operation in which several qualitative and quantitative factors are considered. Its implementation to the case study shows a considerable improvement of model performance with lower Mean Squared Error (MSE). The developed model assists researchers and practitioners in utilizing historical construction data to forecast productivity of construction operations with a high accuracy that could not be obtained by traditional techniques.

Aug 1, 2013

By Normand Champigny

The Forces of Change ? The current business environment ? What can we expect for the future on management of physical assets ? The impact of maintenance on production costs ? What is RCM is doing is improving business performance ? The beginnings of RCM The RCM II Process ? RCM II is a structured process that involves employees in determining the best failure management tactics for systems and equipment in their operating context ? The method is an effective approach to risk and cost reduction as well as failure management

May 1, 2002

By Michel Carreau

Presentation topic Introduction to Renewable Power in Remote Mining Industry Trend What are the Challenges and How to address them Acceptability (Management Buy-in) ? RP not core business to mining company Significant upfront costs Project Risks - Technological and Delivery Wind and solar power variability Operating hybrid power (Operator Buy-in) Conclusion Introduction ? RP at Remote Mining Sites Mining Project Cost Energy represents 25% of mining project CAPEX Energy represents 25% of OPEX Diesel, HFO, ? cost : 30+ cents/kWh RP - Proven technology - Excellent track record ?Wind (20 years), Solar PV (10+ years)? Hundreds of GW installed ?Reliable, High availability, very small OPEX. ?Wind/Solar cost : 15 to 22 cents/kWh (with good resource) ?Potential 10% to 20% Reduction in net cost of energy ?Price certainty for 20 to 25 years

May 1, 2013

By E. R. Lea

The B. M. & S. orebodies, consisting of the No. 6 (Brunswick) and the No. 12 (Anacn Leadridgz, have the distinction of being the first major 1base metal ore deposits to be found in the Province of New Brunswick. They are massive sulphide de-posits consisting of pyrite (pre-dominantly) and base metal sulphides, and they carry values in lead, zinc, copper, and silver. These orebodies are localized within favourable drag fold structures believed to be related in their origin to external forces set up in the area subsequent to the primary regional folding. Both orebodies are characterized by the presence of magnetite 'iron formation' which, in certain 'Portions of each orebody, may be found as relics within the massive sulphides. Studies show the magnetite to be the first metallic mineral within the ore ?zones, followed by pyrite, Sphalerite, galena, and finally chakopyrite. The shape of these massive pyritk orebod:es as well as the distribution of values within them is controlled to a large degree by the ore-ore drag fold structures. A possible relationship is discussed between the basic intrusives in the area ?and the magnetite deposits. It is suggested that a large portion of ?the iron content of the massive suplhedes has been derived from the earlier magnetite. Intermittent movements in the area during the sulphide mineralization are believed to belong to the last stages of deformation in the area. These late movements may have been caused by the intrusion of the granite into the area. The granite may have a genetic relationship to the B. M. & S. orebodies.

Jan 1, 1958

The writer presents a concise summary of eleven recent discoveries made in the Maritime Appalachian area, with suggestions for fur the research. This information may prove helpful to geologists working in other fields and to students contemplating further avenues of research in mining geology and exploration. INTRODUCTION THIS paper is not intended as a research study on the subject, but i. merely a brief review of eleven discoveries that have been made in the Canadian Appalachian area. Furthermore, this is not a critical analysis of the merits of any one geophysical method, but it is an un-prejudiced observation of how these discoveries were actually made and what techniques were apparently most fruitful. Some generalizations are attempted whicl1 may suggest further avenues of research in the field of mining exploration. The writer wishes to thank his colleagues in the field for their comments, which he was able to in-corporate into this paper. In particular, he is grateful to Dr. Paul Bevan and

Jan 1, 1963

By J. H. McKibbon

This paper outlines the basic steps in the sizing of electrostatic precipitators according to the Deutsch equation. Design parameters that do not appear in the equation are also described.

Jan 1, 1971

By Stephen Mullowney

Outline ? Setting the stage ? Deal activity ? Q1 2013 update ? Key deal sectors ? Deals by geography ? Outlook for 2013 Key Observations 2012 ? Major retreat in M&A activity ? Glencore-Xstrata deal dwarfs all other deals ? Gold & copper dominate deal activity

May 1, 2013

By Seungwoo Park, Whuisu Shim, Roe-Hoan Yoon, Kaiwu Huang

"A comprehensive froth model has been derived from first principles. It is based on predicting the kinetics of film thinning in the presence of particles of varying sizes and surface hydrophobicity. According to the Reynolds lubrication theory, the thinning of a horizontal film is driven by the excess film pressure (p), which is determined by the capillary pressure (pc) and the disjoining pressure (II). In the presence of particles, macroscopic capillary pressure (pc) is affected by the local capillary pressure (pc,local) in the vicinity of a particle and the number of particles in the film (N1,film), which in turn vary with the hydrophobicity and size of the particles. The Reynolds equation corrected for pc,local and N1,film is then used to predict the time (or froth height) at which a film is thinned to a critical rupture thickness (hcr), which in turn can be predicted using the Vrij’s capillary wave model (1966) after a modification to incorporate the contributions from hydrophobic disjoining pressure (IIhp). The model can predict bubble coarsening represented by the bubble size ratio between the top (d2,t) and bottom (d2,b) of a froth as functions of particle size and hydrophobicity, ? -potentials, frother dosages, froth height, gas flow rate, salt concentration, etc. The model predictions have been verified in experiments.INTRODUCTIONFroth flotation is regarded the best available technology today for upgrading minerals and coal fines. In the pulp phase of a flotation cell, air bubbles collect hydrophobic particles dispersed in it and rise to enter the froth phase on the top. Once in a froth phase, the bubbles coalesce with each other and become larger, resulting in a decreased bubble surface area. Under conditions of limited surface area, less hydrophobic particles drop off the bubble surface and return to the pulp phase. Thus, bubble coarsening provides a useful mechanism of increasing product grades. On the other hand, uncontrolled coarsening results in a decrease in bubble carrying capacity and hence throughput."

Jan 1, 2016

By William A. Napier

The Mantaro Phosphate Property is located ~ 250 km east of Lima, Peru in the Andean altiplano near the city of Huancayo, Junin District. The Mantaro deposit is a mineralized zone of phosphatic rock currently defined by surface outcrops, trenches and drilling extending over a strike length of more than 30 km and a width of more than 5 km covering ~27,700 hectares. Mineralization is exposed as three roughly parallel exposures (?mantos?) trending in a northwest-southeast direction along the Mancaspico syncline. Estimated mineral resources1 contained in Manto 1 of the Property (4% P2O5 cut-off) as of February 21, 2010, are: Measured 5.548 million tonnes @ 10.8% P2O5 Indicated 33.975 million tonnes @ 9.9% P2O5 Measured + Indicated 39.523 million tonnes @ 10.0 % P2O5 Inferred² 376.265 million tonnes @ 9.0% P2O5 1Tonnes rounded to the nearest 1,000 and grade to 1 decimal place. 2Inferred material reported with no cut-off and an assumed grade. There is considerable potential to expand the resource base. Mantos 2 and 3 of the deposit have been geologically mapped and exhibit surface mineralization widths similar to Manto 1. Given that the deposit is of marine sedimentary origin, it is reasonable to infer that comparable grades and depth of mineralization are present within Mantos 2 and 3. Based on this assumption, the potential mineral deposits within Mantos 2 and 3 are estimated to be approximately: Manto 2 425-435 million tonnes @ 9% P2O5 Manto 3 280-290 million tonnes @ 9 % P2O5 These potential quantities and grade are conceptual in nature, there has been insufficient exploration to define a mineral resource and it is uncertain if further exploration will result in these targets being delineated as a mineral resource. However, should such conceptual resources be confirmed by trenching and drilling, the Mantaro Phosphate Property would rank as one of the most significant phosphate deposits in the world.

May 1, 2011

By A. L. Mackie

Arsenic is a highly toxic element and a known human carcinogen. It is often a contaminant in mine water discharges, particularly from gold mining and roasting operations, and has been found at concentrations as high as 4 g/L. Increasingly stringent controls on the concentration of arsenic allowed to be discharged into the environment cannot always be met by current treatment processes and thus enhanced technologies are required to achieve low treated effluent concentrations at reasonable costs. A novel two-step physicochemical treatment process was developed and tested at the bench-scale using synthetic mine water solutions (SMWs) in order to reduce arsenic concentrations in treated effluent to exceed current discharge regulations. The process includes chemical coagulation with ferric sulphate and ballasted flocculation for enhanced solid-liquid separation. The SMW contained 59 ± 2 mg/L arsenic with a slightly alkaline pH. The effect of arsenic speciation on the process was tested by using either arsenite, As(III), or arsenate, As(V), in the SMW solutions. Tests were performed at cold temperature (3 ± 1 °C) to ensure the process? efficacy year-round in northern climates. Arsenic in As(V) SMW solutions was removed to a final total concentration of 0.0054 ± 0.002 mg/L, almost half the current recommended allowable drinking water concentration of 0.010 mg/L. As(III) was removed to a concentration below the Metal Mining Effluent Regulations? (MMER) current limit of 0.50 mg/L, to 0.32 ± 0.06 mg/L, with double the coagulant dose used in Stage 1 for As(V) removal. Oxidant addition at a concentration of 5 mg KMnO4/L in Stage 2 resulted in final total arsenic concentrations of 0.017 ± 0.002 mg/L and pH adjustment with lime in Stage 2 resulted in 0.0415 ± 0.0007 mg As/L in treated As(III) SMW. Both of these modifications to the process reduced arsenic concentrations to below proposed new MMER limits (i.e., 0.10 mg/L). This two-stage treatment process was shown to reduce arsenic concentrations to well below current treatment guidelines while reducing or eliminating chemical oxidant demand.

Aug 1, 2013

By Rick Hyndman

? Context: Ø Global action on climate change ? The situation of trade-exposed industry sectors ? The federal government?s draft plan for industry ? CAPP?s position ? Canadian emissions & Canada?s Kyoto target Simple Economic Theory of Dealing with Externalities ? Put cost on emissions Ø Carbon tax Ø Emission trading with auctioned permits ? GHG costs get reflected in the prices of energy alternatives, goods & services Ø Decisions driven by changes in relative prices ? Switching to lower emission fuels ? More energy efficient ways of producing ? More energy efficient appliances, cars, housing ? Reduced demand for energy intensive goods & services ? Anticipation of higher CO2 price drives low CO2 technology Development

Nov 1, 2002