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By S. LeFevre

THE solution of the housing and sanitation problem in mining communities, keeping in view both economic and humanitarian aspects, demands the best thought of the management of such enterprises. Upon the solution depend the health and comfort of the employee and his family, and as a consequence his contentment and efficiency. The following description covers briefly the methods installed for Witherbee, Sherman & Co. The operation of the system has been for about two years under the direct supervision of T. A. Hammond, Land Agent, and I am indebted to him for a compilation of the results.

Jan 2, 1915

Executive Joseph L Gillson, Chairman, J W Woomer, Vice-Chatrman, John S Bell, Walter R Hibbard, Jr. R R McNaughton Finance John P Hammond, Chairman, James C Gray, J S Smart, Jr Investments Gall F Moulton, '63, Chairman, Andrew Fletcher, '62, John M Lovejoy, '61, George I Brigden, ex off as AIME Treasurer, John P Hammond, ex off as Chairman, AIME Finance Committee Award Committees Grouped together at end of list Cooperation with the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and the Mining Society of Nova Scotia R R McNaughton, Chairman, C Gerow, Sherwin Kelly

Jan 1, 1960

Reynolds Jamaica Mines, Ltd., has received a $3+ million loan from ECA for the development of what are termed the largest bauxite deposits in the world in Jamaica, B.W.I. This amount is in addition to $11 million already provided. The new agreement calls for delivery of 750,000 tons a year beginning in early 1952. Inco has announced a new alloy containing 35 pet Ni which can be used for many purposes served by the old alloys which ran up to 70 pet Ni. The new alloy "Incoloy" is 35 pet Ni, 20 pet Cr, and the balance iron.

Jan 8, 1951

J. S. UNDER, Pittsburgh, Pa. (communication to the Secretary*).¬In discussing Mr. Wysor's paper, I said that we were investigating the deposits around furnaces working on certain ferro alloys. Since the meeting, we have made a number of investigations, and have found that the deposits in the second and third passes of the hot-blast stoves, and near the stack at the boilers of furnaces working on spiegel and ferromanganese, contain about 15 per cent. total potash, of which 10 per cent. is water-soluble. The potash occurs mostly as potassium sulphate, a very small amount being present as potassium carbonate.

Jan 6, 1917

By George Asmus

CLOSED front, or open front for blast-furnaces, has been for a number of years a much discussed question among the furnace-men in every country where iron is made. As blast-furnaces are costly structures, and as the whole question is one of economy, I hope to be excused for entering a little into details. The ('fore-hearth " is a prolonged opening in the lowest part of the hearth, from two to three feet wide, four to six feet long, and two to three feet high. It is a more or less fire-proof box, cooler than

Jan 1, 1876

THERE can be little doubt in the mind of anyone of the great interest which has been provoked in the mining and petroleum industry by the com-paratively new geophysical methods of prospecting, after the sessions at this year's meeting of the Institute. Not only were the sessions very well attended but every¬one seemed most attentive. Although the discussion was somewhat limited in general, that may well be at-tributed to the newness of the subject. Two sessions on this subject were planned originally, but these gave insufficient time for the presentation of all the papers prepared and a third session was abso-lutely necessary. The first meeting dealt entirely with the gravity methods and was completed in the scheduled time owing to the fact that but two of the five papers listed were read. The second session was devoted to magnetic and electrical methods, the completion of which had to be carried over into the third period of geophysics. The first session on geophysical prospecting, and in-cidentally the first scheduled Institute meeting devoted entirely to this subject, was most appropriately opened by E. L. DeGolyer, the chairman of the session. It was through the efforts of Mr. DeGolyer that the first gravity work, as applied to prospecting, was under-taken in this country. Again most appropriately, the first paper presented was given by Donald C. Barton, who carried on the first work with the Eötvös torsion balance in America and aided materially in its development. A subject, the theory of which is so difficult to understand as it is generally presented, was so clearly illustrated and ex-plained by the speaker that even a novice could grasp the fundamentals. Dr. Barton, in showing actual re-sults obtained in torsion balance surveys with the in-terpretation of the sane and later drilling records, was free in stating that there are many limitations to the field in which this and the other geophysical instruments may be successfully employed. This paper called for considerable discussion relative to the application of the torsion balance to gravity surveys over various types of structures. During the course of this discus-sion a very important point was emphasized by the chairman, namely, that for successful application of any or all of the scientific methods of prospecting, a back-ground of experience is absolutely necessary to serve as a basis for further work. This can only be secured by contributions from the results of actual prospecting work.

Jan 3, 1928

By Alden B. Greninger

IN a recent study1 of the deformation of metastable beta copper-zinc and beta copper-tin crystals, it was established that the parallel markings that appear on the surface of these crystals after slight deformation represent lattice transformations. Stereographic analysis showed that in beta copper-tin, the poles of these markings deviated one or two degrees from poles of the form 1133). In beta copper-zinc the plane delineated by the markings corresponded to no one crystallographic plane of the matrix lattice; the marking poles deviated from 5° to 11° from poles of the form {110}, and were displaced only a few degrees from (110) zones. Inasmuch as the new transition lattices produced as the result of the deformation are different for each alloy, it was thought at first that the habits of the markings might be the result of a cooperation between matrix lattice and transformed lattice. (Both matrix lattices are body-centered cubic.) Such a cooperative effect is thought to obtain in the formation of Widmanstätten figures, for it is well known that the matrix lattice alone does not determine the habit assumed by a segregate phase. On the other hand, it is not inconceivable that the dissimilarity in marking habit might be due to differences in deformation characteristics of beta brass and beta bronze. Barrett and co-workers2 have shown that slip-line habits in pure iron are markedly different from those in high-silicon ferrite; and although it has been repeatedly demonstrated that plates of a segregate phase do not necessarily form on the slip planes of the matrix lattice, deformation characteristics may be more intimately allied with plate formation when a transformation is made to occur as a result of plastic deformation. However, there is the fact that the orientation of markings in metastable beta copper-zinc is the same whether the markings be produced by quenching, deformation, or liquid-air cooling; likewise, quenching and deformation markings in metastable beta copper-tin are oriented in the same way with respect to the beta matrix. During the course of the investigation referred to above, samples of 52:48 (stable beta) copper-zinc f were deformed and examined micro-

Jan 1, 1938

By John J. Collins

The plight of the Japanese mining business is pitiful. Coal mines were given the highest priority for all materials they needed, yet between the end of the war and June 1948, the government was obliged to subsidize them to the extent of 22 billion yen, this being the difference between the consumer's price and the producer's price. Most of the metal mining companies have been operating at only one fifth to one third of war-time production rates, and financial losses have been terrific. The chief difficulties have been a plethora of office workers and a dearth of equipment, supplies, and miners. The principal material needs at metal mines are steel rails. cars, plates, nails, rubber hoses, and belting, to say nothing of modern core drills which are totally lacking. Until recently the great shortage was in coal; for lack of fuel the smelters and factories failed to produce the very metals and equipment now needed to operate the mines. Nation-wide shortages have created a monstrous inflation of prices throughout all the economy, currently amounting to 200 times the prewar figures. For example, the price of copper ranged from 500 to 900 yen per metric ton for many years until 1937, but in mid-1948 producers were

Jan 1, 1949

By J. T. Ryan

WITH J. T. Ryan, of Pittsburgh, in the chair, 40 men on Monday afternoon were attracted to the first meeting of the new Health and Safety in Mines Committee. The speakers were well received and the discussion was good and virile. The field and scope of the new Health and Safety in Mines Committee was reviewed briefly, yet concisely, by Scott Turner. This committee is to cover the whole mining industry, in which much progress in reducing accidents has been made in recent years. Members of the A.I.M.E. can considerably assist in this important problem.

Jan 1, 1933

By AIME AIME

A new Index of the Transactions, Volumes I. to XXXV., is now being prepared, and will probably be ready for distribution during the coming summer. The Index will be about the size of the average volume of the Transactions, and will be bound in cloth and in half morocco. The price of the cloth-bound copy is $5, expressage prepaid. Half morocco binding will cost $1 extra. It is very desirable that all who wish to purchase this Index will notify the Secretary's office promptly, sending a check, money-order or draft, made payable to the American Institute of Mining Engineers.

May 1, 1907

WALTER P. JENNEY, Rapid City, S. Dak.: This paper is the first publication, I believe, of the fact that traces, up to two or three ounces to the ton, of tellurium have been found in the gold ores of the Black Hills occurring in the Potsdam formation. There are two great classes of ore-deposits in the Black Hills. First, the gold-ores in the Archæan, of which the great Homestake lode, extending from Lead City to Central, in the northwest section of the Hills, may be taken as a type; second, the refractory gold-ores found in the Potsdam sandstone over a

Jan 1, 1897

The following list contains the names of members of whose deaths notices have been printed in MINING AND METALLURGY during the year ending April 1, 1938. Biographical sketches published in MINING AND METALLURGY are indicated in the last two columns. YEAR OF ELECTION - NAME - DATE OF DEATH ? ISSUE CONTAINING BIOGRAPHY - PAGE 1908 - ARCHBALD, JAMES, JR - July 24, 1937 - March 1938 - 168 1934 - BAECKCTROM, OLOF - Oct. 9, 1937 - March 1938 169 1918 - BAKER, HARRY A - May 28, 1937 1916 - BANDY, PERCY 3 - April 19, 1937 1916 BARKDOLL, I. H Dec. 1, 1937 Feb. 193S 121 1936 BARNETT. PETER T Jan. 27. 1937

Jan 1, 1938

By G. E. Klinzing, S. H. Chiang, R. M. Kakwani

Filtration and dewatering results of -500 µm (-32 mesh) Pittsburgh seam coal are discussed with reference to the microscopic structure parameters, i.e., particle segregation in the cake and particle and pore size distributions at different layers. At low solid concentration of 0.33 kg coal/kg water, a non-uniform cake structure is observed where particle and pore sizes increase from the top to bottom layers in the filter cake. An increase in the solid concentration in slurry produces more uniform cake structure and higher filtration and dewatering rates. Air bubble entrapment in the coal filter cakes is also discussed.

Jan 1, 1985

As REVISED IN CONFERENCE FEB. 17, 1931 REPORT OF SUBCOMMITTEE ON MINE VENTILATION CODE OF A, I. M. E. COMMITTEE ON VENTILATION ALFRED W. HESSE, Chairman THOMAS G. FEAR GEORGE S. RICE E. A. HOLBROOK WILLIAM A. ROWE HOWARD ECKFELDT R. V. NORRIS CADWALLADER EVANS, JR. H..1. SMITH, Secretary REALIZING, from the safety and health standpoint, the need of furnishing air of good quality to workers underground and of diluting and carrying away dangerous and noxious gases, the following code is offered to unify regulatory measures in coal mine ventilation, so far as is practicable, in the United States of America.

Jan 1, 1931

J. E. Stead, Middlesborough, England (communication to the author): Prof. Howe's valuable paper on cast-iron brings forward most prominently the correct explanation of the part played by combined carbon in pearlite and cementite, in determining the strength and hardness of cast-iron. On a previous occasion I haveoshown that castings made by melting a white Cleveland iron and glazed iron, one containing 1.5 and the other from 4 to 5 per cent. of silicon, and each about 3 per cent. of carbon, were stronger than those made of ordinary foundry-iron; the difference in the final castings being a differ-

Jan 1, 1902

PROFESSOR CECIL H. DESCH of Sheffield Univer-sity is to give the sixth annual Institute of Metals lecture in connection with the A. I. M. E. meeting in February. Professor Desch is well known to metallur-gists in this country not only from his books on metal-lography, intermetallic compounds, the physicist in metallurgy, and the chemistry and testing of cement, but also by his many published papers in the technical journals. Professor Desch is the third distinguished foreigner to lecture before the. Institute of Metals under its pro-gram which calls for an annual lecture by a distin-

Jan 1, 1927

By J. C. Crampton

Gradual shifts in the center of ore production have dictated three moves for the Pend Oreille Mines & Metals Co. plant. Capacity has grown from 300 tpd to the present 2400 tpd, and the gravity process used at the original Josephine mill has long since given way to improved flotation practice. The Josephine mill, operated in World War I and converted to flotation in 1927, treated 200,000 tons of ore rating as high as 16 pct Zn. By 1935 extra ore handling warranted construction of a new mill on a lower level, and capacity was raised from 300 to 800 tpd.

Sep 1, 1955

By E. A. H. Tays

At the present time, the mine-owner has a number of patent crushers to choose from, when contemplating the erection of a mill; and a number of new ones are yearly brought to notice. We all know that the stamp-mill is the old standard; but several of the patent crushers, especially of the roller-type, are not without their merits. Having had a working experience, extending over a period of four years, with the " Bryan roller quartz-mill," working alongside of stamp-batteries, I take pleasure in giving to the members of the Institute the benefit of my experience with this mill.*

Jan 1, 1900

THE bellows are important and necessary agents in most melting processes. In addition to seeing that these have sufficient soft cloth, extend far and wide, and are of good design, including good valves and good long tubes, and that they cannot break and lose the air received, it is very important to give attention to their installation so that they may easily effect their purpose. Therefore I now wish to proceed by noting some common devices for moving them, both with water and with man power, so that you may make use of them as the need arises.

Jan 1, 1942

By R. S. Dean

MANY studies have been made of the properties of steel produced by adding varying amounts of sponge iron to the charges used in steel-making furnaces.1-3 The results of these previous studies, however, have failed to disclose a reason for the belief of steelmakers that steel made in this way is definitely different from steel made entirely from scrap or iron melting stock. This paper deals chiefly with the structure of the sponge iron, of the wrought iron made by welding the sponge iron into blooms, and of the steel made by melting the forged and rolled blooms. It is believed that the structure of the final steel is inherited from the ore and that this inherited structure produces marked differences in the properties of the steel and explains the feeling of steelmakers which is based on their experience. Three kinds of sponge iron were used in this investigation: One made from a limonite ore reduced with natural gas, one made from a hematite ore reduced with natural gas, and one made from a magnetite ore reduced with charcoal. The sponge iron made by reduction with natural gas

Jan 1, 1935