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By K. A. Perry, R. Q. Eades

The University of Kentucky conducted inerting tests and angle of ejection tests on three types of rock dust. A newly developed hydrophobic dust was compared against typical dry and wet dust applications. This new product is designed to alleviate respirable dust concerns for dry dusting and caking issues with wet dusting. Samples for both test types were prepared in a laboratory and subjected to temperature and humidity cycles that are typical of an underground coal mine. Inerting tests were conducted in a 38-L chamber with a 5-kJ Sobbe igniter. Angle of ejection testing was conducted at the University of Kentucky Explosives Research Team’s laboratory in Georgetown, KY. The results of these tests indicate that the newly developed dust has improved results for flame suppression and ejection compared with typical wet dust applications. The significance of these results is discussed with regard to existing respirable dust regulations and the issues associated with caking.

Jan 1, 2016

By J. H. Tylczak

The Bureau of Mines studied the effect of alloy additions on abrasive wear of low-alloy steels. A dry-sand, rubber-wheel abrasion test appa-ratus using ASTM G65-Sl procedure B was used for the abrasive wear tests. Eighty-six material heat-treatment combinations were abrasion tested. Results of these tests were analyzed statistically using regression analysis to see if additions of Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Si, AI, Cu, and S were significant in affecting the abrasive wear rate of low-alloy steels. Regression analysis was also used to confirm hardness and C affect on the abrasive wear rate of these steels. It was found that for all the steels taken as a group, increased amounts of Mn significantly reduced the wear rate, while increased amounts of Mo and S1 increased the wear rate. Analysis also confirmed previous research done by others, that increasing hardness and amounts of C reduced the wear rate. For the hardened steels taken as a class, only increasing amounts of C and Mn reduced the wear rate, while increases in Si increased the wear rate. In the class of unhardened steels, increases in C, Mn, and S re-duced the wear rate, whereas increases in Mo increased the wear rate. The steels with the best resistance to wear were two hardened experimen-tal steels similar to AISI 1055 and AISI 107S.

Jan 1, 1986

By Limao Zhang

This paper presents a novel model to assess the risk of adjacent buildings in tunnelling environments based on Extended Cloud Model (ECM). ECM is an organic integration of Extension Theory (ET) and Cloud Model (CM), where ET is appropriately employed to flexibly expand the variable range from [0, 1] to (-8, +8), and CM is used to overcome the randomness and fuzziness during the gradation of evaluation factors. The risk level of a specific adjacent building is assessed by the correlation with the cloud models. A confidence indicator ? is proposed to illustrate the rationality and reliability of evaluating results. Ten buildings adjacent to Wuhan Metro Line Two (WMLT) are randomly chosen among hundreds of adjacent buildings for a case study. Results have proved to be consistent with the actual situation. Compared with other traditional evaluation methods, ECM has been verified to be a more competitive solution with high calculation accuracy, wide adaptability, as well as simplified computer programming. There are no stringent requirements on the quantity of training data during the modelling process, and the original data can be directly entered into ECM without a normalization procedure, avoiding the potential information loss. ECM can be offered as a decision support tool for the risk assessment in urban tunnelling construction and worth popularizing in other similar complicated projects.

Aug 1, 2013

The use of QemSCAN in providing mineralogical input to detailed ore and product characterization has proved of immense value in recent years. In this paper, a brief review of selected Cu-case studies is presented to demonstrate the versatility of automated, quantitative mineralogy by QemSCAN. This versatility ranges from measurement and analysis strategies through to data processing and presentation. As a rapid diagnostic service, it is common to find that only grain size, the degrees of liberation and/or ore mineral modal mineralogy are of interest. By contrast, the detail afforded by the simultaneous determination of both gangue and ore minerals can alert mineral engineers to fatal flaws and attributes deleterious to processing that are directly a function of silicate and other gangue mineralogy. Examples of the latter effects include the influence of micaceous minerals and acid consuming species, while the former include fluorine minerals, which can provide both processing and environmental challenges.

Jan 1, 2007

By H S. Welideniya, K Ekanayake

Carbon rich graphite deposits found in Sri Lanka are of inorganic origin and they occur as narrow steeply dipping veins. The vein width of these deposits varies from a few centimetres to metres, with an average vein thickness of 1 m. It is believed that the carbon rich fluid intruded into fracture zones under high pressure and the temperature has crystallised into graphite. This process has also generated many minuscule graphite veins centred on main mineralisation, which has reduced the host rock overall rock mass rating. These discontinuities could also be considered as joints with graphite infill. Graphite mining at Bogala Mines, Sri Lanka is a unique example of narrow vein mining faced with numerous wall stability issues resulting from weak graphite infilled joints.The Bogala vein type graphite orebody has an average vein width of 1 m. Overhand cut-and-fill mining method is used for stoping. The stope consists of two boundary winzes for material handling, access and ventilation. Mining is done on the strike of the vein and the average mining slice height is 2 m. A void to the height of one mined slice is left below the mining level during mining. Waste rock resulting from vein blasting and mine development is dropped into this void as fill rock. Any void height left greater than a single slice height will increase stresses in the stoping zone. This will increase formation of rock blocks and their effective separation from wall rocks. Split miniscule veins occurring around main mineralisation intensifies rock block formation in an environment of mining induced stress release. Consequently, any rock blocks sliding into stopes on graphite infilled joints will behave under constant normal stiffness (CNS) conditions and their shear strength will converge rapidly towards remoulded shear strength of graphite alone. Unlike with general infill deposited in joints, graphite has a very low friction angle and with its slippery nature, a small thickness may affect in great deal to reduce joint shear strength.In addition to immediate filling of excavated voids, controlled vein blasting and spot bolting have improved mine safety. Furthermore, rock bolts connected to each other through iron plates and anchored to anchor bolts installed in non-fractured solid rock are practiced to stabilise rock falls and wedge failures in narrow vein graphite mining. These practices have significantly contributed to safe mining without any rock bursts and catastrophic failures.CITATION:Welideniya, H S and Ekanayake, K, 2012. Challenges faced by narrow vein graphite mining and influence of graphite infill on wall stability, in Proceedings Narrow Vein Mining 2012 , pp 71-76 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Mar 26, 2012

By Robert C. Ellman

The Bureau of Mines investigated the factors that cause agglomeration of lignite by freezing during winter shipment and sought methods to avoid it. Tests showed that lignite may be freezeproofed by removal of the relatively small quantity of moisture involved in forming the frost crystals which cement particles together, or by controlling the crystal characteristics. Adding dried lignite fines proved to be an effective and superior freezeproofing method. Commercial adoption of this method has been successful.

Jan 1, 1965

By M. Z. Emad, A. Hassan, M. A. Raza, M. U. Khan, S. A. Saki

Digital modelling of a surface is crucial for Earth science and mining applications for many reasons. These days, high-tech digital representations are used to produce a high-fidelity topographic surface in the form of a digital terrain model (DTM). DTMs are created from 2D data-points collected by a variety of techniques such as traditional ground surveying, image processing, LiDAR, radar, and global positioning systems. At the points for which data is not available, the heights need to be interpolated or extrapolated from the points with measured elevations. There are several interpolation/extrapolation techniques available, which may be categorized based on criteria such as area size, accuracy or exactness of the surface, smoothness, continuity, and preciseness. In this paper we examine these DTM production methods and highlight their distinctive characteristics. Real data from a mine site is used, as a case study, to create DTMs using various interpolation techniques in Surfer® software. The significant variation in the resulting DTMs demonstrates that developing a DTM is not straightforward and it is important to choose the method carefully because the outcomes depend on the interpolation techniques used. In mining instances, where volume estimations are based on the produced DTM, this can have a significant impact. For our data-set, the natural neighbour interpolation method made the best predictions (R2 = 0.969, β = 0.98, P < 0.0001).

Feb 6, 2023

Through a contract, the Bureau of Mines has funded the development of an Automated Breathing Metabolic Simulator (ABMS). The ABMS simulates man in all of the breathing and metabolic parameters for monitoring support and resuscitation equipment. For the first time, complete breathing and metabolic simulation are incorporated in the same device. Breathing rate, breathing depth, breath velocity contour, oxygen uptake, and carbon dioxide release are all variable over wide ranges, simulating conditions from sleep to hard work with respiratory exchange ratios covering the range of hypoventilation to hyperventilation. In addition, all of these parameters are remotely controlled to facilitate the use of the device in hostile test environments. The exhaled breath is also at body temperature and completely saturated. The simulation in faith¬ful to the extent of having a variable functional residual capacity and an anatomical dead space equivalent to that of humans. The ABMS will be used as a stand-in for humans in test and validation of respiratory equipment, permitting more extensive and safer evaluation in hazardous environments where human testing would have to be limited. In addition, it will greatly reduce the cost of prolonged testing in cases where simulation chambers with human subjects require three shifts of crews, including standby physicians. Perhaps most importantly, it will provide a calculated and reproducible test and validation facility. The ABMS is under complete computer control. Through a typewriter terminal the test sequence can be input into the computer which will then automatically adjust the ABMS to simulate any desired sequence of metabolic activities for time durations up to 15 hours. The computer also monitors the test procedures and provides test results printout.

Jan 1, 1973

By Thomas J. Peters

The King Mountain study area is centered about 120 air km northwest of Blackfoot, and 30 air km north of Arco, Idaho. The study area makes up the southern one-third of the northwest-trending Lost River Range--the highest mountain range in Idaho. The area is predominantly underlain by Paleozoic-age marine limestone and lesser dolostone, with a relatively small inlier of silica-rich, Ordovician-age quartzite. There are vast, unquantified resources of these industrial minerals present; however, special markets need to be developed for these resources which are near enough for transportation costs to be competitive. Five prospects were found in the study area; however, only one, the Elbow quartz silica prospect, contains resources and current claims. There has been no mineral production in the study area.

Jan 1, 1993

By G. W. Birge

This report describes the carbonizing properties of the principal coal beds of McDowell County, W. Va. Coals from 14 coal beds were selected for study: Upper Cedar Grove, Middle Cedar Grove, Lower Cedar Grove, Eagle, Douglas, Iaeger, Sewell, Welch, Beckley, Fire Creek and Pocahontas Nos. 3, 4, 5, and 9. Selection was based upon estimated minable reserves. McDowell County coals rank either as high-volatile A, medium-volatile, or low-volatile bituminous coal, and this variation in rank is reflected in the wide diversity of the carbonization properties of the coals. All coals tested were either satisfactory as mined or could be upgraded to meet present chemical standards for metallurgical coke; the coals produced strong coke, as determined by ASTM shatter and tumbler tests.

Jan 1, 1958

By Z. T. Yuan, S. L. Qi, Q. Y. Meng, G. X. Zou, L. X. Li, J. W. Lu

"The selective separation of pentlandite from serpentine was investigated using the magnetic coating-magnetic separation by conditioning slurry pH value, stirring speed, magnetic field intensity and controlling dosages of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and sodium oleate (SO). The optimal conditions were obtained as follows: the natural pH of 6.8-7.2, stirring speed of 2300 rpm, magnetic field intensity of 200 kA m-1, SHMP of 60 mg L-1, and SO of 400 mg L-1. Results showed that the Ni grade was 21.4% with the Ni recovery of 81.4% and MgO content of 3.8%. FTIR indicated that coagulant of SO preferentially adsorbed onto pentlandite and magnetite particles while hardly adsorbing onto serpentine particles when dispersant of SHMP was used. Thus, the selective magnetic coating of magnetite on pentlandite surfaces could be formed due to the formation of hydrophobic surfaces on pentlandite and magnetite particles. Calculations of DLVO (Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek) confirmed that interactions between magnetite and pentlandite particles were much stronger than that between magnetite and serpentine due to the existence of hydrophobic interactions with the addition of SO. Consequently, the pentlandite was successfully separated from serpentine. Therefore, this study exhibits the potential to separate pentlandite from serpentine minerals for practical applications and thus deserves further study.INTRODUCTION It has been well known that the separation of pentlandite from serpentine is a worldwide challenging issue in the processing of sulphide nickel-copper ores. Because the serpentine mainly causes the high pulp viscosity and slime coating on the pentlandite, which interferes with the flotation process of pentlandite (Cao et al., 2016; Feng et al., 2012). The fibrous mineral of serpentine preferentially attaches to the air bubble, forming bubble-macrofibers aggregates, which are easily floated into the nickel concentrates, resulting in the decline of Ni grade (Alvarez-Silva et al., 2016; Kusuma et al., 2014). In addition, the serpentine adheres to the pentlandite as hetero-aggregation or slime coating via the electrical interaction between a positively charged serpentine and a negatively charged pentlandite, which decreases the hydrophobicity of pentlandite and reduces the collector adsorption (Feng et al., 2013). In other words, the presence of serpentine or the occurrence of aggregates (including slime coating and bubble-macrofibers aggregates) seriously affects the flotation process and deteriorates the flotation of pentlandite. Therefore, we propose magnetic separation to recover pentlandite from serpentine with the magnetic coating technology, which is different from forth flotation."

Jan 1, 2018

By Circe Verba, Scott Montross, Jon Yang

This work is a first-order study to assess the suitability of an organic acid lixiviant to extract rare earth elements (REE) from coal preparation fines refuse sourced from a Pennsylvania mine with a total REE of ~ 300 ppm. The extraction of REE using an organic acid, in this case 0.1Mcitric acid and 0.5Mtrisodium citrate solution, is compared against 0.5M(NH4)2SO4, 1MHCl, 1.2MH2SO4, and 0.5Methylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Ashing the coal waste material prior to leaching tests with the citrate solution nominally improved REE extraction. Buffered citrate solution recovered 7% of the total REE in the as-received Isabella Fines as compared to 11% in ashed samples, whereas (NH4)2SO4 extracted 5–6%, respectively. EDTA recovered up to 33%of the total REE, most likely due to the higher coordination chelate bond. Mineral acids, however, outperformed the organic acids on ashed material (16–52%REE recovery), suggesting that organic acids may not be a suitable competitive option for REE extraction from these types of feedstocks.

Jun 15, 2021

By D. Fodor

In Romania, there are significant lignite and brown coal reserves hosted by different regions of the country. The most important lignite bearing zone of the country situated in the North ? West part of Oltenia region and which covers a surface area of 2,500 km2 and host a total reserve of 3.0 billion tons of lignite, of which more than 95% can be exploited by open cast method. The paper deals with the existing geological and mining conditions of the zone , the distribution by mining basins and exploitation perimeters, the open cast working technologies and the economic outcomes obtained throughout the time. Years ago, for the improvement of the economic situation as a whole and in each unit, a large production reorganization, technology update and modernization process was started up. There are described the rehabilitation measures of the technological lines and modernization of the equipments of the production flow-sheet, measures developed at present, too and which will still continue in future. There are mentioned the equipments considered, the components under modernization and the economic outcomes obtained so far. At the end of the paper there are presented the future actions for the equipment modernization and perspectives of the lignite deposit exploitation to meet the national economy requirements of solid fuels.

Aug 1, 2013

By Mario A. Terceros Herrera, Mario Terceros Arce, Antonio Marinucci

This paper describes the general principles of the expander body with post-grouting (EBI) system, and how it is similar in nature to a large-scale pressuremeter device. The results from the installation of an EBI can be used to provide information about the stress-strain characteristics of the soil adjacent to the device and to compute estimates of nominal axial resistance. As the EBI expands during grouting, pressure is applied to the in-situ soil surrounding the device thereby compacting/densifying the soil. The nominal axial resistance for small diameter piles/ground anchors can be increased due to the greater soil stiffness and shear strength around the device, larger surface and end area, and improved soil-to-EBI interaction in side resistance. The shape of the response curves depends on the geotechnical conditions of the soil (e.g., in-situ stress state, strength, and stiffness) and the installation method of the piling/ground anchor. This technique has been used successfully with different pile types and ground anchors in a wide range of conditions from very loose sands/silts to very dense sands and medium-dense gravels as well as in soft to stiff clays. This paper also describes a mini case history in which 80 piles were installed to support an office building, and the results of the static axial compression load tests performed on a production FDP+EBI pile is also included.

By Homer F. Staley, C. P. Karr

The casting alloy 88 copper, 10 tin, 2 zinc, commonly known in England as Admiralty metal and in this country as Government bronze, gun metal, or Naval Department composition G, has, at its best, many valuable properties. However, its physical properties are known to vary widely with slight changes in method of manufacture of the castings, such as slight variations in composition, variation in pouring temperature, kind of mold used, method of pouring and gating of molds, size and shape of castings, amount and kind of heat treatment, and so forth.&apos; The microstructure of castings made from this alloy is influenced by slight variations of composition, rate of cooling, and kind and length of heat treatment. This is best understood by reference to the equilibrium diagram. The part of the diagram in which we are interested and the effect of the thermal equilibrium relations on the physical properties of the alloy 88 copper, 10 tin, 2 zinc, have been discussed by Hoyt, Campbell, Primrose, and Rawdon.2 In Fig. 1 is given the equilibrium diagram of the copper-tin alloys. Briefly stated, the relations of composition and temperature changes are as follows. Compositions between A and a consist of but one constit ent—the a bronze, which is a solid solution of copper and tin, rich in copper. On cooling from the molten state these compositions gradually crystallize, at temperatures above 790°, into a mass of interwoven treelike crystals or dendrites. The cores of the dendrites are rich in copper and the percentage of tin gradually increases as the surfaces are approached. AS cooling progresses, after a11 the metal has crystallized, no further changes occur in the crystals other than diffusion within the crystals, which tends to erase the dendritic pattern and to render the structure more homogeneous. * Metallurgical Ceramist, U. S. Bureau of Standards, Associate Physicist, U. 8. Bureau of Standards. A. D. Flinn: Iron. Age (1915) 96, 1292-3. C. P. Karr: U. S. Bureau of Standards Tech. Paper 59, Pt. 1. S. L. Hoyt: Enging. (1913) 96, 667-7, 704-5. William Campbell: Trans. Am. Inst. Met. (1912) 6, 158-172. H. S. Primrose: Metal Ind. (1916) 14, 202-4. H. S. Rawdon: U. S. Bureau of Standards Tech. Paper 59, Pt. 11.

Jan 1, 1921

By G. P. de Forest, G. O. Hiers

The object of the experiments reported in this paper is to determine the eutectic composition of copper and tin and to determine the location of the part of the liquidus line immediately above the eutectic composition in copper. Three methods were used in the investigation: (1) the method of dissolving copper in a bath of molten tin at constant temperature, with the idea that when the bath was saturated with copper its copper content, by analysis, together with the temperature at which the saturation took place would locate a point on the liquidus line; (2) the method of the differential cooling curves, and (3) the method of microscopic examination. This paper is principally concerned with the results of the last two methods mentioned. The results of the first method, that of dissolving copper in molten tin, did not agree with the results of Miller,&apos; by the same method, nor with the results of other investigators by other methods, nor yet with the results of the cooling-curve experiments and microscopic examination reported here. Solution of Copper in Molten Tin To determine the amount of copper that would be dissolved by molten tin at a given constant temperature the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 was used. It consists of a cast-iron pot a, 6 in. deep and 8 in. dia., well cleaned inside and dressed with graphite. This pot, which holds 15 lb. of tin, g, rests on a hot plate b with resistance winding c. The thermocouple d leads to a Wilson-Maeulen temperature regulator for maintaining the temperahre at the heating coils at a fixed temperature to within ±5°C. There is a shallow bath of solder e on the top of the hot plate to improve the thermal contact between the plate and the pot. An insulating jacket f of asbestos prevents the irregular radiation of heat from the apparatus. The copper stirrer h slowly rotates in, and is dissolved by the bath of molten tin g. This bath is protected from excessive oxidation by a layer of charcoal j. The stirrer h is fixed to the lower end of the iron tube k, which is so mounted that it can be driven by a motor with reducing gear. The temperature of the bath is indicated

Jan 1, 1930

By Guangdong Institute of Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Y. H. Tang, H. X. Hu, T. S. Dong, Z. H. Zhang

"A world class rare metals ore deposit in Africa belongs to a massive granite type poly-metallic pyrochlore-niobium resource. Successful project development in realizing the resource is vital to Africa’s economy and pyrochlore processing technology.The ore properties are quite complex due to the presence of varieties of valuable minerals, fine dissemination and intimate association of minerals and the relative abundance of easy-floatable minerals. The separation of pyrochlore from zircon, calcite and mica is generally considered difficult. Whilst studies have previously been conducted by several independent institutions overseas, no satisfactory process has yet been developed to date for the ore deposit—possibly due to the process designed being too complex; high cost of regents; lower performance.Based on process mineralogy study and extensive testwork, the authors have in recent years developed a new technology—“De-slime—Iron-rejection—Zircon (with calcite) and Calcite reverse flotation—Pyrochlore flotation”. The flow-sheet is characterized by ?1prior removal of slimes and iron minerals; ?2 Zircon (with calcite) and Calcite reverse flotation; and ?3Pyrochlore flotation applying new type of chelating collector GYX3 developed by GZRINM in conjunction with selected regulators and depressants.The process involved in the new technology is simple to implement and facilitates stable operation; the flotation reagent regime is easily adaptable; the cost of main reagent is lower largely because it is easy to manufacture and is environmental friendly. Laboratory test results demonstrated that, for raw ore assaying 0.35% Nb2O5, 0.03% Ta2O5 and 0.45% ZrO2, pyrochlore concentrate grade of >35% Nb2O5 could be obtained with >74% recovery. Meanwhile, the Ta2O5 content in pyrochlore concentrate could be recycled, and ZrO2 recovery >50% could be achieved in zircon concentrate assaying ZrO2>63%—significantly improving the technical-economic indicator. These results were verified in pilot trials of 1.44t/d throughput. The paper presents the new technology in whole, summarizes the key factors affecting its performance and discusses in simple terms the mechanism of separation."

Jan 1, 2016

By Guangdong Institute of Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Y. H. Tang, H. X. Hu, T. S. Dong, Z. H. Zhang

"A world class rare metals ore deposit in Africa belongs to a massive granite type poly-metallic pyrochlore-niobium resource. Successful project development in realizing the resource is vital to Africa’s economy and pyrochlore processing technology.The ore properties are quite complex due to the presence of varieties of valuable minerals, fine dissemination and intimate association of minerals and the relative abundance of easy-floatable minerals. The separation of pyrochlore from zircon, calcite and mica is generally considered difficult. Whilst studies have previously been conducted by several independent institutions overseas, no satisfactory process has yet been developed to date for the ore deposit—possibly due to the process designed being too complex; high cost of regents; lower performance.Based on process mineralogy study and extensive testwork, the authors have in recent years developed a new technology—“De-slime—Iron-rejection—Zircon (with calcite) and Calcite reverse flotation—Pyrochlore flotation”. The flow-sheet is characterized by ?1prior removal of slimes and iron minerals; ?2 Zircon (with calcite) and Calcite reverse flotation; and ?3Pyrochlore flotation applying new type of chelating collector GYX3 developed by GZRINM in conjunction with selected regulators and depressants.The process involved in the new technology is simple to implement and facilitates stable operation; the flotation reagent regime is easily adaptable; the cost of main reagent is lower largely because it is easy to manufacture and is environmental friendly. Laboratory test results demonstrated that, for raw ore assaying 0.35% Nb2O5, 0.03% Ta2O5 and 0.45% ZrO2, pyrochlore concentrate grade of >35% Nb2O5 could be obtained with >74% recovery. Meanwhile, the Ta2O5 content in pyrochlore concentrate could be recycled, and ZrO2 recovery >50% could be achieved in zircon concentrate assaying ZrO2>63%—significantly improving the technical-economic indicator. These results were verified in pilot trials of 1.44t/d throughput. The paper presents the new technology in whole, summarizes the key factors affecting its performance and discusses in simple terms the mechanism of separation."

Jan 1, 2016

By J Seppelt

The Kanmantoo Copper Project is owned and operated by Hillgrove Resources Limited and is situated in the Adelaide Hills region in South Australia. Mining in the area has taken place off and on over the last 140 years to recover metal from both copper and lead-zinc ores. This paper focuses on the commissioning, ramp up and future outlook for the copper concentrator at the Kanmantoo Copper Project with major focus on issues encountered and operating performance achieved to date.CITATION:Seppelt, J, 2012. Commissioning of the Kanmantoo Copper Concentrator, in Proceedings 11th AusIMM Mill OperatorsÆ Conference, pp 127-136 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Oct 29, 2012

He took a great interest in technical matters and his inclination was strongly toward research investigations. At the same time he was effective in manual and mechanical work and was generally found working side by side with the men under his direction. His nature was unselfish and he was extremely popular socially. He was a member of the Coeur d&apos;Alene Commandery, Knights Templar. Stanly A. Easton. Lieutenant.Louis Baird Louis Baird, a Lieutenant in the Royal Field Artillery of the British Army, died on the battlefield in 1915. Lieutenant Baird was born July 28, 1880, at Stirling, Scotland. His technical education was obtained at King&apos;s College, Melbourne, Australia, in 1893 to 1895, and at the Technical College at Glasgow, Scotland, in 1897 to 1900. After an apprenticeship with the Mexican J. & 8. Rec. Co. of Mexico, lasting from 1900 to 1903, he became mill superintendent for the Cia. Minera Benito, at Juarez, Zac. During the year 1905-6 he was assistant manager of the Caridelaria y Anexas, at Pinos, Zac., and from 1906 to 1907 was engineer with the Cia. Minera Jalisco, San Sebastian, Jalisco. At the time of his admission to the Institute, in 1908, he was practising as a mining engineer at Etzatlan, Jalisco, Mexico. For the next four years he practised his profession in the City of Guadalajara, Jalisco, removing, in 1913, to Ixtlan del Rio, in the State of Tepic. It was from here that he returned to England to put his services at the disposal of the British Government. The Institute is not definitely informed as to how, where, or when Lieutenant Baird met his death. iCaptain John H. Ballamy John H. Ballamy, Captain on the Regimental Staff of the 103d Engineers, was killed near Fismes, on Aug. 9, 1918. Captain Ballamy was born at Plvmouth. Pa.. in 1886 and graduated from&apos; the High School of that town in 1903. In the following year he began work as a coal miner, and at the same time began the study of mining engineering in the evening and any other spare time. He continued this diligent and energetic practice for many years. For sixteen years he continued in the employment of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Rai1roa.d Company&apos;s coal mining

Jan 1, 1920