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By F. R. Koeberlin

ABOUT thirty miles south of the port of Coquimbo, Chile, nestling in one of the western outliers of the main Andes range, lies the little mining town of Andacollo, a place whose history and traditions make up one of the most romantic pages in the life story of this southern republic. The beginning of Andacollo is shrouded in the penumbra of the pre-Columbian era, but its first mining activity probably dates from about the years 1440 to 1460. It was in the middle of the fifteenth century that the Inca Tupac-Yupanqui, grandfather of Atahualpa, conquered this part of Chile. His domain extended even as far south as the present site of Santiago, and perhaps farther, but was maintained with increasing difficulty against the fiercely independent and indomitable tribes of Araucanian Indians of the South.

Jan 1, 1938

"No true conception of the Park City mining district can be obtained without first giving consideration to the part it has played as a consistent producer of mineral wealth. Its position in this regard is almost unique in the annals of a lead silver camp. For over fifty years it has been a continuous producer of lead and silver and for twenty years it has added to the world's supply of zinc. Few camps with its productive history are so little known to the mining fraternity for the reason that its life has never been punctuated by periods of ""boom"" which serve to attract general attention, neither has it been the field of operation for promoters who temporarily focus attention upon their scene of action. Its history is one of legitimate mining operations. These were at first carried on by a number of smaller companies. A period of consolidation followed and at the present time the entire production of the camp is in the hands of two major companies and one smaller company. These are flanked by a number of prospecting properties, which are at this time actively engaged in the search for ores and later events will doubtless put some of them in the producing class.A technical discussion of the ore occurrence and mining operations in the camp will be the subject of a paper to be read before this meeting of the Institute. The mission of this article is to supply a ""Baedeker"" where Baedeker is lacking.The town of Park City is a typical, up-to-date, western mining camp which owes its existence as a town of 4,500 inhabitants solely to the mining industry. The camp is located 7,000 feet above sea level, thirty-two miles east of Salt Lake City. It is situated on the Victory Highway seven miles from its junction with the Lincoln Highway and has the benefit of excellent automobile communication with the metropolis of the state. Both the Denver and Rio Grande and the Union Pacific Railroads give daily train service to the camp and effectively solve the transportation problems of the mining companies."

Jan 1, 1925

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Jan 1, 1942

Jan 1, 1925

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Jan 1, 1938

[SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 16 10 am to 5 pm Council of Section' Delegates SUNDAY, FEBRUARY .17 1 pm Student Relations Committee 2 pm Board of Directors 2:30 pm MIED-Mineral Economics Instruction 5:30 pm MIED-Cocktails and Buffet Supper 7:30 pm MIED-Mineral Education 8 pm IMD-Program Committee]

Jan 1, 1952

Jan 1, 1968

By Stephen Krickovic

AS it is commonly understood in the bituminous coal mining industry, pillaring means removal, as completely as is practical, of all pillars formed in the development of headings and rooms on first mining. The degree to which this can be accomplished, termed percent of recovery, is of course dependent generally upon the physical conditions of the bottom and the overburden, the system of min-

Jan 1, 1956

The General Electric Co., in cooperation with the Montana School of Mines and under a research grant from the Anaconda Co., is presently experimenting on a new non-explosive method of breaking rock with radio-frequency electrical power. The method is known as electrothermal forcing. It must be understood that present equipment has not been designed to perform primary blasting functions. Its conceived use will be restricted to small pieces of rock too large to pass through a chute or grizzly. However, even this use is still far in the future. Experiments to date have been limited mostly to rock smaller than 18 in.

Jan 11, 1961

By Smith Bracewell

First evidence of bauxite in Jamaica resulted from an analysis of a soil sample collected at Bull Savannah in 1938 during a systematic local investigation of the island's soil types. Results of subsequent work indicated the possibility of the occurrence of deposits of commercial grade and dimensions, and in 1942, with a view to emergency development of the deposits as a war measure, the Jamaican Government declared all bauxite in the colony to be Crown property.

Jan 10, 1958

SINCE it seems to me that guns are of greater importance in the art of casting than any of the other things that are made by it, and that they require more foresight and care because they need many perfections, I wish now to repeat certain useful and necessary precautions in corroboration, for though I have already spoken to you of them in some detail, the power has not been granted me to pass with one breath completely through a subject with many parts. Therefore it will not be wearisome to you to hear the same thing told again, because it will not be without amplification of some pertinent points. For this reason I have prepared the present discourse, which I have called admonitions. The first of these concerns the making of the pattern upon which the

Jan 1, 1942

By William I. Watson

Problems encountered in beneficiating mineral raw materials become increasingly difficult as there is a shift to lower grade and more complex raw materials, and because of the economic need to strive for ever higher recoveries, higher grade products, and lower processing costs. Methods of attacking the many problems should include not only the familiar chemical and physical tests and equipment, but such techniques as X-ray analysis, infra-red analysis, differential thermal analysis, and the use of electron and X-ray microscopes. Many people in the mineral-treating field are unfamiliar with these newer methods and techniques. The differential thermal analysis method, in particular, does not seem to be very well known, even though it offers interesting possibilities in the study of many ore treatment problems.

Jan 7, 1959

By John V. Beall

There was optimism on 14th Street on April 22, Earth Day. We only have the report second hand because the demonstration conflicted with another appointment. Fifth Avenue was closed to vehicular traffic from 14th Street to the Park for a few hours and the crowd that showed up to promenade rivaled anything that can be imagined, even one at a country fair in Merry Old England. Certainly the domestic animals were there and the costumes were wild-as they are almost any day on 5th Avenue. However, the mood was friendly, happy and optimistic according to one of our neighbors who filmed and taped interviews with some of the characters. People think the air is going to be clean, and the water pure in the future. Land is going to be treated with respect. Even if the demonstration temporarily fouled the streets with litter, it served the purpose of dramatizing awareness. In talking to our friend about his experiences we didn't miss the opportunity to sound out his impression of whether or not people recognize that no group of people nor industry has a monopoly on pollution.

Jan 1, 1970

By Robert B. Fulton

Staurolite, an iron aluminum silicate mineral, is used industrially as a high value-in-use sand-blasting agent, as a premium grade foundry sand, and as the source of aluminum in portland cement manufacture in areas where the aluminum constituent is not economically available from shale or argillaceous limestone. It is produced by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. as a coproduct in titanium mineral production in Florida where it was first recovered on a commercial scale in June 1952 from the Pleistocene sand deposit known as Trail Ridge. In the Trail Ridge deposit it comprises about one-fifth of the heavy minerals, the principal other heavy mineral constituents being ilmenite, leucoxene, rutile, zircon, kyanite, sillimanite, and tourmaline. Staurolite and the other silicate nonconductive heavy minerals are separated from the conductive titanium minerals on high-tension separators. The silicates are then separated from one another magnetically, the staurolite being relatively magnetic. In the total processing, 200 tons of raw sand yield 7 tons of heavy mineral concentrate from which about one ton of staurolite is recovered. This process yields staurolite concentrates of the characteristics given in Table 1. These concentrates are sold as three products with the size distribution of subrounded particles shown in Table 2. All three grades are used in sand-blasting for cleaning metal, for paint removal, and for cleaning buildings. Staurolite compares favorably with lower unit cost abrasives, such as boiler slags and mineral aggregates, in applications where the abrasive is used only one time and is not recovered. Because it is hard, fine, clean, and dense it can reduce blasting time, with less material reportedly being required [ ]

Jan 1, 1983

By Louis D. Huntoon

After the completion, in 1905, of the Hammond Mining and Metallurgical Laboratory of the Sheffield Scientific School, Yale University, it became necessary to secure and assay a large assortment of ore-samples, and to arrange the results in such a manner as to admit of use with the least amount of work on the part of the instructor. At first, pulp-samples, together with their respective assays, were secured from the mines, smelters, and public aesayers, but this practice did not prove satisfactory. It was not only difficult to secure a suffciently large supply of material, but it was also impossible to secure the proper assortment required for instructing students. It involved considerable work for the donors to select the samples and furnish a record of the assays, and also for the instructors to examine each pulp and determine its character. Some of the samples did not contain a sufficient quantity of pulp for the student to check his work in case his first assay did not correspond to the record. In order to increase the number of samples and to vary the character of the material, pulp-samples were later mixed with barren rock and with sulphides, but this method also was unsatisfactory and has been discontinued. At present, small lots of ore are secured by gift or purchase from engineers, public assayers, and the managers of mines, mills, and smelters. These lots weigh from 10 to 100 lb. each, and are rarely finer than 0.25 in. in size. The larger samples permit of a careful study by the instructor in order to determine the best method of assaying to be followed. In universities in which assaying is taught the record of the samples should fulfill the following requirements:

Jan 1, 1910

By James T. B. Ives

The map exhibited* as an example of my method of construct ing geological strata-maps is essentially an educational appliance. The method, however, is available for the production of maps of comparatively small areas, which, I am confident, will be found of great practical value to mining engineers. Before stating how the method may be so applied I will briefly describe the map exhibited, as the easiest way of making my meaning clear. Almost any region might be taken. This map represents the eastern half of the United States; and the geology is that of the map issued by the Geological Survey, and revised and extended subsequently by Professor Hitchcock for your Institute. I use ten cards, of the colors used in the geological map, each having the geog raphy of the area printed upon it; and I superimpose these in the order in which the colors occur in the index to the map. I next cut away a portion of each card, excepting the lowest, leaving only so much of each as represents the exposure of the formation of that color plus all those which overlie it. When that is done, the whole, looked at from a distance, appears to be an ordinary geological map. Looked at more closely, however, the formations are seen to overlie one another, as in nature. The cards are covered with glass in a frame, which, hinged at the bottom edge, can be let down. The cards are then found to be all hinged in the same manner, and they, too, may be lowered, one after the-other. I am told by teachers of geology of great experience and the highest reputation that by this appliance they will be assisted in im parting to students the first facts and principles of geological sci ence. Having let down the whole series of cards, until that repre senting the Archaean is seen underlying all the rest, the teacher will gradually rebuild it. The Cambrian will thus be laid down upon the Archaean before the eyes of the class, the Silurian upon that,

Jan 1, 1888