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By Reno H. Sales

Since leaving school my efforts have been geared to the task of making geology useful to the mining industry. The responsibility of the economic geologist or mining geologist of today has grown to be more, than that of merely finding a faulted segment of a vein. The very life of our mining industry is at stake. The tremendous progress in every branch of our modern civilization has been made possible through the developments in the use of metals. Many of our great industries, including that amazing field of aircraft production live and thrive only because of metals.

Jan 1, 1942

By Sales, Reno

Since leaving school my efforts have been geared to the task of making geology useful to the mining industry. The responsibility of the economic geologist or mining geologist of today has grown to be more, than that of merely finding a faulted segment of a vein. The very life of our mining industry is at stake. The tremendous progress in every branch of our modern civilization has been made possible through the developments in the use of metals. Many of our great industries, including that amazing field of aircraft production live and thrive only because of metals.

Jan 1, 1942

Henry D. Hibbard, High Bridge, N. J. (Communication to the Secretary): There is one chemical factor which has not been considered in the author's tabulation of tests, but which is none the . less important because it cannot be practically estimated, and that is the element oxygen. This element has been, and probably will continue for some time to be, one of the great causes of the continual discrepancies between the chemical and physical properties of steel. Probably oxygen occurs, in important proportions, only in soft steel, such as that which we are now considering. In this steel its physical effect is to diminish tensile strength and elongation. The percentage of oxygen in the steel, under working-conditions that are as uniform as possible, is likely to vary inversely as that of the manganese, or perhaps, and more probably, it may bear even an inverse geometrical ratio to the manganese-content. At all events, to follow the author's plan, the line representing the loss of strength due to oxygen is probably a curve. Plotted by itself, the line would probably be straight; that is, the decrease in strength would be proportional to the increase in oxygen, but if the results were superposed on the percentages of manganese, they would give a curve, because the percentages of oxygen increase faster than those of manganese decrease. Were the oxygen-line to be developed and added to the diagram, it would seem that the manganese-line should then be straight. Due allowance for the effect of oxygen, therefore, would modify two features of the paper. It would increase the figure for the strength of pure iron from 38,000 to about 45;000 pounds per square inch, and it would straighten out the manganese-curve. The manganese-line in the paper is curved between 0.50 and 0.20 per cent. Above 0.50 per cent. it is straight, which may be ascribed

Jan 1, 1893

By Wesley G. Josephson

THE MINING PROPERTY of the Argonaut Mining Co., Jackson, Calif., is one of the oldest on the Mother Lode. A vein outcropping on a hill in this section could not long elude the eye of the forty-niner, so it was first discovered in 1850. From that time until 1893 the Pioneer mine, as it was then called, limped along under various poorly equipped and financed operators who tried tapping it by trenching and tunneling. Then the Argonaut Mining Co. took over the property and sank the present 65° inclined shaft in the hanging wall of the vein. The mine workings have now reached the 6000-ft. level, which is 5283 ft. vertically below the surface, or just 3 ft. over a mile. The total production of the mine is uncertain, because of lack of early records, but from 1893 to 1932 it is known to have produced in excess of $17,000,000.

Jan 1, 1932

By AIME AIME

ANNOUNCEMENT of the annual meeting to be held Feb. 18 to 22 inclusive will be mailed the latter part of the month to all members. Particular attention is called to the fact that application has been made for reduced rail- road fares on the Certificate Plan. When you purchase your railroad ticket be sure to ask for a CERTIFICATE for yourself and members of your family. Last year over 400 members and dependent members of their families attending the meeting secured return railroad tickets at half price by means of this certificate, thereby saving thou- sands of dollars. Those who fail to obtain this certificate when purchasing going tickets will lose money. Unless 250 certificates are validated at headquarters it will be impossible for anyone to secure the reduced rate.

Jan 1, 1929

By AIME AIME

IN RESPONSE to a request from the president- elect of the Institution of Civil Engineers of Great Britain, Mr. Calvin W. Rice, secretary of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, prepared a brief history of the joint activities of engineering societies in the United States, from which we have taken the following facts. National Societies Our first joint activities were in collection with the celebration of the eightieth birthday of "Uncle John" Fritz in 1902, and it is of interest to note that two of the members of the original celebration committee, Messrk. . Ambrose Swasey and Jesse Merrick Smith, will be members of the official deputation to England in June. Mr. Rice, also,' was .a member, of the original committee.

Jan 1, 1921

By Philip B. Bucky

THE Mining Methods sessions, one of which was run jointly with the Industrial Minerals Division, were fortunate in having a number of exceptionally fine papers. At the Tuesday session R. P. Smith presented the results of six years' experience with prepaid medical care for the employees of the Hollinger mine. It was felt that this paper was a real contribution to the cross field of mining-medicine, and the presentation was exceptionally well done. Olof V. Lindqvist acquainted us with the consider- able progress made in blast-hole diamond drilling in recent times, especially in Canada. The opening of a mine is always a matter of considerable interest and the description of the procedure and problems encountered in opening the Mather mine of Cleveland Cliffs Iron was presented by L. C. Moore.

Jan 1, 1944

By John Hays Hammond

IT was but a few years ago that the mining engineer, and his confreres, the civil, mechanical and electrical engineer, were stigmatized by politicians of the parish? pump variety as advance agents of unprincipled exploiters of backward countries. Today he is recognized as a most important missionary of civilization in opening up new territory to contribute its mineral wealth and incidentally its other resources for the needs of mankind. An engineer, it is now conceded, is not only a benefactor of the world at large, but is a primary factor in the betterment of conditions of the inhabitants of those countries developed by his skill and indomitable courage-for courage is requisite in pioneering and his indefatigable industry. The engineer will, I believe, become a real "Ambassador of Good Will," when the slow-consenting academic mind realizes as it must that beneficent deeds are more enduring and more convincing than mere gestures of professed amity.

Jan 1, 1929

By AIME AIME

THE time of the Section delegates was economized this year by providing the section reports in mimeo- graphed form, together with the reports of the officers and committees of the Institute, for their consideration on arrival. The meeting was called for Thursday forenoon and despite a certain amount of oratory managed to get through before all the luncheon was gone. In all, nine section delegates and one from the Iron and Steel Division attended and took part. One delegate, who had come many miles, got lost in the complication of the program and failed to attend. Six appointed dele- gates failed to attend and two sections neglected to make appointments.

Jan 1, 1929

JamEs F. Kemp, New York, N. Y.:—Mr. Hewett's paper is one of exceptional interest, because it not only adds an important contribution regarding one of the rarer, valuable elements, but also because it introduces compounds hitherto unknown and in associations no less novel. While we have occasionally discovered and recorded asphaltite in metalliferous deposits, for example in the Joplin and Granby districts, we have not seen a metallic ore in a deposit eesentially asphaltite. The source and method of introduction afford a subject well worth serious reflection.

Jan 1, 1910

REPUBLIC STEEL CORP. and Armco Steel Corp. have joined in a $160,000,000 project for the production of iron ore from Taconite in the Lake Superior mining region. The two companies announced acquisition in equal shares of 100 pct ownership of the stock of Reserve Mining Co., which controls a vast deposit of magnetic Taconite iron ore on the eastern end of the Mesabi range in Minnesota. Through Reserve Mining the two companies will build a plant for manufacturing high grade ore from Taconite near Beaver Bay on the north shore of Lake Superior. The first announcement calls for about a $60,000,000 plant which will be built as soon as plans are completed and will have an annual capacity of about 2,500,000 tons of iron ore pellets. Longer range development plans call for future expansion of the plant to provide an annual capacity of 10,000,000 tons. This will amount to an additional investment of

Jan 10, 1950

By AIME AIME

MONDAY evening a reception, supper and bridge in honor of the guests of the Woman's Auxiliary was given by the New York Section in the Engineering Woman's Club. After supper, tables were made up for bridge. Some tried jig-saw puzzles, while others merely visited. On Tuesday morning the annual business meeting was called to order by President Bassett. Mrs. Bassett read a note from Mrs. Hoover regretting her inability to be present, and then gave her welcome and message: It gives me much pleasure to welcome you in this annual meeting, and I hope you will be able to come next year, and those who are not able to come this year I hope will be here next year.

Jan 1, 1933

By Arthur Knapp

NEARLY every technical man is called upon at some time in his life to deliver a paper before a technical audience or to write a technical paper for publication. It is not necessary to be an accomplished public speaker to deliver a technical paper successfully; it is only necessary to bear in mind a few obvious points. Poorly presented papers are nearly always the result of a few errors of deportment, but they are vital and at the same time so obvious that they are often overlooked. Experience is a good teacher but a little study and careful preparation will moderate the suffering of both an amateur speaker and his audience. An author's paper suffers, through poor delivery, in direct proportion to the suffering of his audience. The best test of a paper is to have it read aloud to the author. This will bring out faults not apparent when read silently by the author. Some of the things which will probably need correcting are improper phrasing, noneuphonic sequences, and long or involved sentences. Frequently authors write their papers in short crisp sentences for oral presentation, then rewrite them for publication.

Jan 1, 1942

By SAM A. LEWISOHN

IT is popular today to dramatize in a journalistic spirit, some particular factor among the causes of unemployment. Naturally the time chosen for such emphasis is usually when the factor in question is temporarily a particularly active one. A few months ago, in the unemployment then current, we saw largely the results of a healthy acceleration in changes in processes, greater efficiency, a more intensified use of labor-saving devices, perhaps also a change in products. So we have been hearing a great deal about the influence of mechanization on unemployment, the so-called technological unemployment. Many talk as if this kind of unemployment were a wholly new phenomenon, for- getting that it is a constant process in a growing industrialism, though it sometimes becomes more pronounced. At other times one would think that seasonal unemployment is the only type of unemployment, and then again the fashion changes and we hear .about nothing except cyclical unemployment. Every few years there seems to be a different fashion in labelling the germ supposed to be the cause of unemployment.

Jan 1, 1929

By John Hays

AT the December Board meeting, the report of the William Lawrence Saunders Medal Committee, recommending the award of the medal to John Hays Hammond, was received and unanimously approved. The citation is: "For his notable work as an engineer and developer of mines at home and abroad, his industrial leadership and his public services." The medal will be presented as usual during the meeting in February, presumably at the annual dinner at the Waldorf, on Feb. 20. The other medals to be given on the same occasion are the James Douglas, which goes to Paul D. Merica, and the Robert W. Hunt, which is awarded this year to Edgar C. Bain, as already announced. This will be the third award made of the Saunders Medal for "Achievement in Mining," previous recipients having been David W. Brunton in 1927, and Herbert Hoover in 1928. The list is a distinguished one and Mr. Hammond's name is appropriately included. His career is so widely known that it is not necessary to repeat the account, published in MINING AND METALLURGY last April.

Jan 1, 1929

By BION J. ARNOLD

WE can, I think, rightfully claim, irrespective of our faults, that engineers must, in order to last as engineers, possess the qualifications of integrity, stead- fastness of purpose, ability to think straight, and to apply these qualities consistently and continually in their everyday work. All engineers know this, most of them conform, and in order to drive it home I might, if 'clothed with proper authority, preach to you at length, but I shall not take the chance. So I only want to make a suggestion or two to the young engineers. Have an ideal and work toward it. You will have your disappointments and your temptations but keep your record clean, and if anyone says you are foolish or ugly, or homely, or that you need a guardian, take the criticism with a smile, for he may be able to prove his contention; but if he attacks your integrity, strike at once and fight hard, for he has assailed not only your character but your principal asset as an engineer.

Jan 1, 1929

By H. Foster Bain

AFTER all, mineral sanctions are not a measure of peace, they are a measure of war, and we must regard them as such. We have had two examples now in the world-first, Italy, and secondly, Japan-where we have applied sanctions. When we got ready to apply sanctions to Italy that would hurt, they went to war. In the Far East, when we applied sanctions against Japan, in the latter part of 1941, there was a quick reaction, and the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor.

Jan 1, 1944

By George S. Rice

THE wide scope of the causes and effects of ground movement and their interrelation to various kinds of mining and geological conditions are not always understood. Minimizing of roof movement by selection of suitable mining methods is closely allied to the problem of obtaining maximum safety in mining, but there are other questions involved: for example, mechanical developments which increase the production of ore and other minerals per shift or unit of labor but which, though highly ingenious, may increase hazards. More- over, the newer mobile loaders need much space for operation with longer protecting roof spans. Another problem emphasized by mechanization is the incompleteness of extraction of mineral, as there is no governmental requirement (except for limited leases on the public domain) in this country, as in European countries, and loss of coal in pillars is accepted by mine operators rather than risking the loss of an ex- pensive loading machine from a heavy roof fall. The extent to which losses of coal in mining are now being incurred is conjectural, for it has been fifteen years since there has been a comprehensive survey. In that study a loss of slightly over one-third of the coal in both anthracite and bituminous mining was indicated.

Jan 1, 1939

By AIME AIME

THE sixteenth annual meeting of the Woman's Aux¬iliary, A. I. M. E., was held Tuesday morning, Feb. 16, at the Engineering Societies Building. The meeting was well attended, there being 99 registered from the metropolitan area and 78 from the sections throughout the United States. Mrs. Sharpless, the secretary, read the minutes of the annual meeting held a year ago, after which Mrs. Bassett, the president, gave her address of welcome. Mrs. Bassett said in part: "I would like, at this time, to welcome you all to this, our sixteenth annual meeting, and to express my appreciation to all the national officers and members of the board of directors for their loyal support and for the excellent work done by the chairmen of sections and their members. It is with much pleasure that I look back upon my visits with the sections in Washington, Arizona, Northern and Southern California, Chicago, Colorado, Western Pennsylvania and Utah before I assumed the office of president. During the last year I have much enjoyed meeting with the sections in Boston, Washington and New York. It is our duty to see that the achievement for 1932 be equal to that of the year that has just passed."

Jan 1, 1932

Following closely Marcona Corp.'s announcement of its new Marconaflo process for transporting mineral slurries by ship (see pp. 96-97, Sept. 1969 [ ]), Midland-Ross Corp. (M-R) now heralds its metallized iron pellet process which supplements Oregon Steel Mills1 (Oregon Steel) new Portland, Ore., plant. Harry J. Bolwell, president of M-R describes the company's M-R Pellet as "the most exciting advance in steelmaking in a decade, one which will profoundly affect the industry." In fact, other knowledgeable industry spokesmen believe that with these developments the mini-steel plant era is now here and that this technical development along with the Marconaflo process will revolutionize iron ore shipments and steelmaking. The M-R president predicts that electric furnaces can account for 20% of the annual U.S. steel production by 1975, compared with 14% at the present time because of these developments.

Jan 12, 1969