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By D. J. McAdam, G. W. Geil, R. W. Mebs

As shown in previous papers by the authorsg-17t the resistance of a metal to fracture, like its resistance to plastic deformation, is a function of all three principal stresses. A technical cohesion limit is the technically determined resistance to fracture under a specific stress system. The technical cohesive strength thus comprises an infinite number of technical cohesion limits corresponding to the infinite number Of possible com-binations of the principal stresses. The technical cohesive strength, therefore, may be represented by a surface in a diagram with the three principal stresses as coordinates. As shown in previous papers,'-'' the technical cohesive strength increases with plastic deformation, with decrease in temperature, and with increase in the strain rate. The technical cohesion limit, therefore, is affected by the same factors that affect the flow stress,$ namely, the stress system, plastic deformation, temperature, and the strain rate. More- over, the influence of each of these factors on the technical cohesion limit has been shown to be qualitatively similar to the three of the same factor on the flow stress.9-18 Advance of knowledge about the conditions determining fracture of metals has been retarded by the reluctance of some investigators to abandon preconceived ideas about how metals ''should,, behave. The incorrect idea is still prevalent that the conditions determining resistance to fracture are very different from those determining the flow stress. Attempts are still being made to express resistance to fracture in terms of a single parameter, such as a limiting value of the greatest principal stress, the maximum shearing stress, or the volume stress (one-third the algebraic sum of the three principal stresses). In these attempts, a sharp distinction is sometimes made between a ductile or ,plasticdeformation, fracture,, and a "brittle frat-ture.H In making this distinction, however, the meaning attached to the term "brittle fracture" sometimes is not made clear. The term could mean fracture after very little plastic deformation or it could be used to designate the type of fracture. An ordinary fracture of a ductile metal at room temperature starts as a cleavage, generally transverse to the direction of the greatest principal stress, but eventually changes to a shearing fracture' In some conditions, however, the metal fractures entirely by cleavage, with no evidence of plastic deformation during the fracture; the surface of such a fracture may have a

Jan 1, 1948

By R. W. Mebs, G. W. Geil, D. J. McAdam

As shown in previous papers by the authorsg-17t the resistance of a metal to fracture, like its resistance to plastic deformation, is a function of all three principal stresses. A technical cohesion limit is the technically determined resistance to fracture under a specific stress system. The technical cohesive strength thus comprises an infinite number of technical cohesion limits corresponding to the infinite number Of possible com-binations of the principal stresses. The technical cohesive strength, therefore, may be represented by a surface in a diagram with the three principal stresses as coordinates. As shown in previous papers,'-'' the technical cohesive strength increases with plastic deformation, with decrease in temperature, and with increase in the strain rate. The technical cohesion limit, therefore, is affected by the same factors that affect the flow stress,$ namely, the stress system, plastic deformation, temperature, and the strain rate. More- over, the influence of each of these factors on the technical cohesion limit has been shown to be qualitatively similar to the three of the same factor on the flow stress.9-18 Advance of knowledge about the conditions determining fracture of metals has been retarded by the reluctance of some investigators to abandon preconceived ideas about how metals ''should,, behave. The incorrect idea is still prevalent that the conditions determining resistance to fracture are very different from those determining the flow stress. Attempts are still being made to express resistance to fracture in terms of a single parameter, such as a limiting value of the greatest principal stress, the maximum shearing stress, or the volume stress (one-third the algebraic sum of the three principal stresses). In these attempts, a sharp distinction is sometimes made between a ductile or ,plasticdeformation, fracture,, and a "brittle frat-ture.H In making this distinction, however, the meaning attached to the term "brittle fracture" sometimes is not made clear. The term could mean fracture after very little plastic deformation or it could be used to designate the type of fracture. An ordinary fracture of a ductile metal at room temperature starts as a cleavage, generally transverse to the direction of the greatest principal stress, but eventually changes to a shearing fracture' In some conditions, however, the metal fractures entirely by cleavage, with no evidence of plastic deformation during the fracture; the surface of such a fracture may have a

Jan 1, 1948

By G. Sachs, S. I. Liu

Introduction In a previous investigation on the effects of repeated strains of large magnitude on the aluminum alloy 24 ST, it was found that the reduction in ductility by straining in tension was partially restored by a subsequent compression.&apos; As illustrated by the dashed line in Fig I,$ the ductility (e~) retained after prestraining in tension by a certain amount (el) and measured in a subsequent tension test is represented by a straight line sloping down under 4s°. If a compression of the same magnitude as the first tension is inserted (€2 = — €1) between prestraining and final testing in tension, such a "balanced" tension-compression cycle yields a ductility considerably higher than that present after prestraining in tension only. The results of these tests can be correlated with those of an investigation on the effects of prestraining in compression.~ As also shown in Fig I, the ductility in subsequent tensile tests decreased with com- pression, at a rate considerably slower than that after prestraining in tension. The above discussed testing conditions can be considered as special cases of a general straining cycle, consisting of first, straining in tension by an amount el, subsequently straining in compression by an amount e2, and finally determining the retained &apos;ductility, e,, in a tensile test. Prestraining in tension is then represented by el > o and e2 = o. Prestraining in compression is given by e~ = o and e~ < o. Balanced cyclic straining is defined by the condition el > o and cz = — 61. In order to obtain further information on the effects of straining cycles consisting of tension and subsequent compression, further tests were made, varying both the tension strain, el, and the compression strain, e2, within extreme limits; el varied between 0.06 and 0.28 and e2 between — 0.008 and —0.h approximately. Apparently, such tests have not been previously performed. They revealed phenomena which have not been recognized to date, The results of the investigation are herewith reported, without attempting to correlate them with internal processes within the metal structure. However, in order to assist in an analysis of this type, the results have been represented in various manners. In addition, further test data on the effects of prestraining by compression were provided by using specimens of various contours (notched specimens) in the sub-

Jan 1, 1949

By E. C. Wright

FOR many years the cost of making pig iron and steel in the Birmingham district has been about the lowest in the United States. The close proximity of the important raw materials such as coal, iron ore, limestone, and the large available scrap supply made it possible to assemble all of the important ingredients necessary for steel- making with only nominal costs for transportation. Both iron ore and coal were being mined in this district at one time for about $1 per ton from underground operations. At that time mining wages were low everywhere and the labor rate in the South was considerably below that of other mining districts. This situation persisted until the emergence of labor unions as an economic and political force, emigation of southern labor to northern plants, and continued growth of industry in the South in the years following the depression of 1932. Since that time union organizing of miners and steel workers throughout the nation has increased labor costs in mining and steelmaking. This influence has been felt particularly in underground mining operations since the proportion of labor cost to total cost is still high. The previous advantage in basic labor rate in the South has been almost entirely eliminated by the equalization of labor rates in basic industries by national unions. Since 1945 these influences have been especially noticeable in increasing the cost of mining coal and iron ore in the South. The northern steel districts are still being largely supplied with iron ore from the Minnesota open-pit mines and the cost of this ore has not increased nearly as much as the cost of ore obtained from underground mines in Birmingham. A similar situation exists in coal mining; the thinner seams in Alabama are not so amenable to mechanization as the northern mines and, as a result, the output per man-day in southern mines is only about three tons of coal as compared to five or six tons per man-day in the large captive mines of West Vir-

Jan 1, 1950

By William F. Boericke

KIRKLAND LAKE and Porcupine in 1931 accounted for more than $41,625,000 of Ontario&apos;s total gold production of $43,117,688. For the first time, the younger camp surpassed the older in gold output, producing $21,734,000 against $19,891,000 for Porcupine. Present output of both camps is increasing, and should pass the record figures of 1931 before the year is out. In May of this year, Porcupine mines milled 285,759 tons, with a bullion value of $1,810,009; the corresponding figures for Kirkland mines are 149,188 tons and $2,104,757. A much higher average value per ton for Kirkland ore, $14.10 against $6.33 average for Porcupine accounts for the difference. The two fields are about 100 miles apart by rail, and there are important differences in the character of the ores, which accounts largely for the difference in milling costs and in final tailing values, despite excellent metallurgical work in both the fields.

Jan 1, 1932

[NORTH AMERICA UNITED STATES ALABAMA AUBURN Sturm & O&apos;Brien, Consult. Engrs. °Sturm, Rolland G. BESSEMER Granger, W. C. BIRMINGHAM Air Reduction Sales Crockett, John M. Amer. Cast Iron Pipe Co. Carter, Sam F., Jr. Donoho, C. K. Anderson Elec. Corp. Davis, Moss V. J. B. Clow & Sons Neptune, Maurice D. Connors Steel Div. °Sandelin, Robert W. Hayes Aircraft Corp. Ricketts, W. E., Jr. Willhelm, A. Clyde, Jr. McWaine Cast Iron King, O. H. Worthington, B. W. Shook & Fletcher Sup. Co. Gearhart, Thomas A. Southern Res. Inst. Dismukes, Edward B., Wheelahan, Edmund J. Thomas Foys Miller, Ralph M. Union Carbide Metals, Co. Brandler, Edgar A. U. S. Pipe & Fdry. Co. Clay, Donald H. Unaffiliated Berg, H. A. Caldwell, H. A. Gilmer, H. U. Harris, Thomas H. Templeton, J. B.]

Jan 1, 1961

AIME 1953 DIRECTORY SUPPLEMENT OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES OF LOCAL SECTION; COUNCIL OF SECTION DELEGATES Linwood Thiessen, Chairman H. D. Vaughan, Vice-Chairman John H. Melvin, Secretary EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE L. E. Thelin, Connecticut J. B. Cunningham, Arizona W. L. Penick, San Francisco G. L. Yates, Kansas DELEGATES Adirondack - C. DeWitt Smith &apos;54 Alaska - Robert 11. Chapman, ?54 Arizona J. B. Cunningham, &apos;53 Black Hills - Sidney M. Runke, &apos;54 Boston -R&apos;. Schuhmann, Jr. ?54 Carlsbad Potash - W. P. Wilson, &apos;54 Central Appalachian - Charles T. Holland, &apos;54 Chicago - H. A. White, &apos;54 Cleveland - Milton Tilley, &apos;54 Colorado - J. Paul Harrison &apos;54 Columbia - Harold Kirkemo, &apos;54 Connecticut - Lewis E. Thelin, ?53 Dallas - Kenneth F. Anderson, &apos;54 Delta - Roy S. Sullins &apos;54 Detroit - F. P. Bens, &apos;53 East Texas - Joseph A. Morris, &apos;54 El Paso Metals - E. M. Thomas, &apos;54 Florida - W. O. McClintock &apos;54 Fort Worth - Ray Elner, &apos;51 Gulf Coast - H. E. Treichler, &apos;53 Kansas - G. L. Yates, &apos;53 Lehigh Valley - H. R. Gault &apos;54 Lima, Peru - R. P. Koenig, ?54 Lou-Ark - A. H. Crawford. &apos;53 Mexico - W. G. Kane, &apos;54 Mid-Continent - J. H. Beesley, &apos;53 Minnesota - J. R. Stuart, &apos;54 Montana - F. W. Strandberg, &apos;53 Nevada - Albert Silver,&apos;53 New York - P. Malozemoff, &apos;54 North Pacific - A. H. Mellish, &apos;54 North Texas - K. F. Anderson, &apos;54 Chio Valley - J. H. Melvin, ?53 Oklahoma City - Charles Miller, &apos;53 Oregon - T. C. Matthews, &apos;54 Penn. Anthracite - D. C. Helms, &apos;54

Jan 1, 1953

IN THE past, we have, perhaps, been somewhat careless in our furnace practice, in the use of high-grade material, lowering the production costs through demanding high-grade ores, increasing the size of units, and eliminating heat losses by collecting and returning unused heat to our furnaces. Further economies would seem to be possible through keeping out of the furnace those materials that appear to serve no useful purpose and carry with them heat that should be used in reduction operations. In the manufacture of pig iron, about three tons of inert nitrogen pass through the furnace for each ton of iron produced. This nitrogen serves no useful purpose in the chemical actions involved, but when discharged into the atmosphere it carries away a considerable quantity of heat. Can not this loss be eliminated, at least in part, through the use of more oxygen in the blast? Many metallurgical chemists, during the past 20 years, have stated that they thought it can and have urged that the plan be tried. Others have expressed doubt, not being able to visualize how more oxygen could be used in present practice; they have regarded it as impracticable, without trying to conceive of an entirely new practice based on a new reagent. That more experimental work has not been done is due to the fact that no cheap oxygen has been available, but the committee believes that there is strong reason to expect that, should a demand exist, 99 per cent. oxygen may be made at a cost not to exceed $3 per ton. The theoretical studies of the committee have indicated such marked economy by using oxygenated air in various operations that its members strongly recommend experimental work to verify the anticipated economies. The committee has developed plans for experimentally determining the effects of oxygen-enriched air on the operation of an iron, blast furnace. A furnace with a height of 30 ft. has been built and it is recommended that the plans be put in, effect as the first step in the research.

Jan 11, 1924

By Warren B. Weeks

The year 1940 saw an increase of 20 per cent in oil production over the previous year—compared with a 16 per cent increase the previous year. In all, 25,790,380 bbl. were produced, an increase of 4,414,150 bbl, over 1939 and the largest production figure for south Arkansas since 1928. The older settled production continued to decline. Magnolia accounted for most of the increase, with aid from the other recent deep fields. During the year, 169 wells were drilled, 79 fewer than in the previous year. Of 131 wells drilled in proven fields, 18 were dry. Three of the 38 wildcats were pool openers. The drilling depth record was increased from 9028 to 9550 feet. Trend of Prospecting For the first time since 1936, the search for oil in the deep Smackover limestone slackened perceptibly; g dry wildcats ended in Smackover, 2 in. the underlying Eagle Mills; 7 penetrated Paleozoic beds, while 9 ended in Hosston, 2 in Glen Rose, 2 in Paluxy and 4 in Gulf. Geology The wells listed in Table 2 either resulted in the discovery of new oil pools or, because of their depth or location, afforded impor-tant stratigraphic or structural informa-tion. Fig. I is a general columnar and stratigraphic section showing the relation-ship of the strata within the Comanche series. The nomenclature shown was ac-cepted by the Shreveport Geological Society. It was subsequently published by Imlay,l who indicated probable correlations with other areas and presented evidence for the possible Jurassic age of the under-lying Cotton Valley and Smackover formations. New Fields Pouke.—On June 10, 1940, the Louark Producing Co. completed its No. I Sturgis, sec. I, T. 17 S., R. 27 W., in central Miller County, producing between 3583 and 3607 ft. in the upper part of the Paluxy forma-tion. The well flowed I00 bbl. of 3r.4&apos; gravity oil per day through Ns-in. tubing choke. This discovery resulted from seismograph work. Six other wells were drilled in the area, none of which found production in the original sand. One of these wells is producing from a sand 50 ft. deeper in the section. The others were abandoned. No further development is in prospect. Production is from lenticular sands of the upper Paluxy; 45,556 bbl. had been pro-duced by the end of 1940. There is structural closure against a fault to the northwest. McKanzie.—The Atlantic Refining Com-pany&apos;s No. I Bodcaw Lumber Co., sec. 29, T. 17 S., R. 23 W., eastern central La-fayette County, was completed June 8, 1940, as the eighth and farthest west of the Smackover (Reynolds o6lite) limestone pools. The well flowed 10 bbl. an hour of 58.6&apos; gravity distillate through an 1 1/64 Ma-in. tubing choke, with a gas-oil ratio of 8400:I.

Jan 1, 1941

By Warren B. Weeks

The year 1940 saw an increase of 20 per cent in oil production over the previous year—compared with a 16 per cent increase the previous year. In all, 25,790,380 bbl. were produced, an increase of 4,414,150 bbl, over 1939 and the largest production figure for south Arkansas since 1928. The older settled production continued to decline. Magnolia accounted for most of the increase, with aid from the other recent deep fields. During the year, 169 wells were drilled, 79 fewer than in the previous year. Of 131 wells drilled in proven fields, 18 were dry. Three of the 38 wildcats were pool openers. The drilling depth record was increased from 9028 to 9550 feet. Trend of Prospecting For the first time since 1936, the search for oil in the deep Smackover limestone slackened perceptibly; g dry wildcats ended in Smackover, 2 in. the underlying Eagle Mills; 7 penetrated Paleozoic beds, while 9 ended in Hosston, 2 in Glen Rose, 2 in Paluxy and 4 in Gulf. Geology The wells listed in Table 2 either resulted in the discovery of new oil pools or, because of their depth or location, afforded impor-tant stratigraphic or structural informa-tion. Fig. I is a general columnar and stratigraphic section showing the relation-ship of the strata within the Comanche series. The nomenclature shown was ac-cepted by the Shreveport Geological Society. It was subsequently published by Imlay,l who indicated probable correlations with other areas and presented evidence for the possible Jurassic age of the under-lying Cotton Valley and Smackover formations. New Fields Pouke.—On June 10, 1940, the Louark Producing Co. completed its No. I Sturgis, sec. I, T. 17 S., R. 27 W., in central Miller County, producing between 3583 and 3607 ft. in the upper part of the Paluxy forma-tion. The well flowed I00 bbl. of 3r.4&apos; gravity oil per day through Ns-in. tubing choke. This discovery resulted from seismograph work. Six other wells were drilled in the area, none of which found production in the original sand. One of these wells is producing from a sand 50 ft. deeper in the section. The others were abandoned. No further development is in prospect. Production is from lenticular sands of the upper Paluxy; 45,556 bbl. had been pro-duced by the end of 1940. There is structural closure against a fault to the northwest. McKanzie.—The Atlantic Refining Com-pany&apos;s No. I Bodcaw Lumber Co., sec. 29, T. 17 S., R. 23 W., eastern central La-fayette County, was completed June 8, 1940, as the eighth and farthest west of the Smackover (Reynolds o6lite) limestone pools. The well flowed 10 bbl. an hour of 58.6&apos; gravity distillate through an 1 1/64 Ma-in. tubing choke, with a gas-oil ratio of 8400:I.

Jan 1, 1941

ALABAMA Aldrich.-Lloyd, T. W. Anniston.-Carrington, F. G. Klugh, B. G. Bessemer.-Abbott, C. E. Dobbs, G. G. Ferguson V. Salmon, h. S. Stuart, Q. W. Birmingham.-Adams, J. H. Aldrich, T. H. Aldrich, T. H., Jr. Allen, A. W. Armstrong. W. D. Ball, E. M. Bonnyman, J. Bush, M. W. Carter, E. Crawford, G. G. Davis, C. B. Dryer. T. B.

Jan 1, 1923

CONTENTS KANSAS-H. S. BRYANT 3 TEXAS, EXCEPT GULF COAST-M. C. CHENEY 14 GULF COAST-L. P. TEAS 21 TEXAS PANHANDLE-W. E. HUBBARD 29 LOUISIANA, ARKANSAS AND MISSISSIPPI L H. K. SHEARER 37 ROCKY MOUNTAINS-R. C. COFFIN 43 CALIFORNIA-V. H. WILHELM 51 MICHIGAN AND THE TRENTON FIELDS OF OHIO AND INDIANA-M. G. GULLEY 65 ILLINOIS, WESTERN KENTUCKY AND WESTERN INDIANA-A. H. BELL . . . 73

Jan 1, 1932

The following is an incomplete list of members and guests who called at Institute headquarters during the period May 10, 1919, to June 10, 1919. Victor C. Alderson, Golden, Colo. E. Fleming L&apos;Engle, Joplin, Mo. H. Foster Bain, Washington, D. C. W. D. Mainwaring, Philadelphia, Pa. J. J. Beeson, Master Engr. Sr. Gr. W. G. Matteson, Fort Worth, Tex. Gunnar Bergstrom, Stockholm, Sweden. C. E. MacDonald, Toronto, Can. Corry T. Brown, Socorro, N. Met. Francis Nicholson, Charlotte, Va. Geo. W. Brymer, Scranton, Pa. Richard A. Parker, Denver, Colo. W. Burns, Santa Fe, N. Mex. S. B. Patteson, Jr., Allentown, Pa. H. C. Carlisle, The Pas, Manitoba, Can. G. W. Ponton, Ottawa, Canada. J. Carson Adkerson, Va. W. H. Reber, Ensign, Dallas, Tex. C. A. Cheney, Madison, Wis. T. C. Roberts, New York City. J. M. Clark, Toronto, Canada W. A. Rukeyser, Ensign, N. F. Corps. John J. Doyle, St. Louis, Mo. W. H. Staver, New York City. H. S. Emlaw, Grand Haven, Mich. D. B. Sterrett, Washington, D. C. E. Francis, Birmingham, Ala. T. V. Smirnoff, Russia. Rudolf Gahl, Denver, Colo. E. C. Templeton, New York City. Emit Gthmann, Baltimore, Md. H. A. Toblemann, Ajo, Ariz. A. B. Hardie, Philadelphia, Pa. Priestley Toulmin, Birmingham, Ala. Clarence M. Haight, Franklin, N. J. M. R. Walker, Baltimore, Md. N. V. Hansell, New York City. H. A. Wheeler, St. Louis, Mo. C. A. Heberlein, Nacosari, Mexico. D. B. Whitaker, Santiago, Cuba. Pierre Hines, Milwaukee, Wis. A. W. G. Wilson, Ottawa, Can. J. S. Hollings, Brymoba, Wales. Oba Wiser, Hanover, N. Mex C. Vey Holman, Maine. Harry J. Wolf, Denver, Colo. H. H. Howry, Denver, Colo. F. H. Wood, Mt. Vernon, N. Y. W. Spencer Hutchinson, Boston, Mass. J. P. Wood, New York, N. Y. W. B. Kunhardt, Reading, Pa. Lawrence Addicks sailed on May 17 for London; lie expects to be absent from this country for several months. Roy H. Allen has accepted a position in the research engineering department of the National Aniline & Chemical Co., Buffalo, N. Y. H. Foster Bain has gone to Shanghai, China, where he expects to remain for some time. Percy J. Bandy has accepted a position with the Cia. Minera del Mirasol S. A., at Cusihuiriachic, Chihuahua, Mexico. J. H. Batcheller is now with the North Midas Copper Co., St. Helena, Alaska.

Jan 7, 1919

By R. W. Raymond

The important question of the metallurgical value of the coals of the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Coast is to be settled, of course, by practical experiment. Meanwhile, as I have had occasion to point out, the proximate analyses of these coals throws little light upon it, and is, indeed, likely to mislead the metallurgist, if he compares it with the results of similar analyses upon bituminous and semi-bituminous coals. With the view of showing how large a proportion of the material usually classed as(" volatile matters " consists of combined water, or oxygen and hydrogen presumably in chemical combination, I have collected a number of ultimate analyses from various sources, in the following tables. The numbered analyses in the first table are as follows: No. 1. Monte Diabolo coal—Analyst, H. S. Munroe, Col. School of Mines. 2. Weber Canon, Utah, " " " 3. Echo Canon, " " " " 4. Carbon Stat&apos;n, Wyoming, " " " 5. " " " " " 6. Coos Bay, Oregon, " " " 7. Alaska, " " " 8. " " " " 9. Canon City, Colorado, " Dr. T. M. Drown, Philadelphia. 10. Baker Co., Oregon, " " " 11. Blockcoal,SandCr&apos;k,Ind., " Prof. E. T. Cox. This table affords some suggestive comparisons, to facilitate which a remark or two, explanatory of its construction, will be useful. In the ultimate analysis of coals, the proportions are frequently calculated (as, for instance, in the report for 1872 of Prof. Cox, State

T. S. FULLER, Chairman C. H. MATHEWSON, Past-chairman W. A. SCHEUCH, Vice-chairman J. L. CHRISTIE, Vice-chairman E. M. WISE, Secretary International Nickel Co., Bayonne, N. J. W. M. CORSE, Treasurer Executive Committee H. A. BEDWORTH W. M. PEIRCE D. K. CRAMPTON A. J. PHILLIPS E. H. Dix JR. GUY C. RIDDELL R. F. MEHL J. WALTER SCOTT JEROME STRAUSS Finance Committee C. H. MATHEWSON, Chairman W. M. CORSE H. S. RAWDON ZAY JEFFRIES SAM TOUR Data Sheet Committee R. S. ARCHER Chairman N. B. PILLING Vice-chairman L. W. KEMPF JEROME STRAUSS A. J. PHILLIPS F. L. WOLF&apos;

Jan 1, 1932

(The following list contains the names of those members of the Institute of whose connection with military service we have only recently become acquainted; it also includes the names of a few who have recently been promoted or transferred, indicated by a *. A complete list was published in the Year Book, issued as a supplement of the Bulletin for March, 1918.) ANDERSON, AMIL A., Co. A, 309th Regiment Engineers, 84th Div., American E. F., Care Postmaster, New York. ARMSTRONG, HAROLD K., Pilot, Naval Aviation, U. S. Naval Air Station, Miami, Fla. BASSETT, ARTHUR F., Co. 6, -E. 0. T. S., Camp Humphreys, Va. BEDDALL, THOMAS H., Adjutant, 1st Battalion, 1st Gas Regiment, American E. F. BERNARD, CLINTON P., Candidate, 12th Observation Battery, F. A. C. 0. T. S., Camp Taylor, Ky. BROOKE, LIONEL, 50th Co., 13th Battalion, 5th Replacement Engineers, Camp Gordon, Ga. BROWNING, EDWARD, Corp., 1st Regiment Engineers, Co. D, American E. F. BUGBEE, EDWARD E., S. A. T. C. Headquarters, Raleigh N. C. BUTTERFIELD, G. BRUCE, CO. C, 605th Engineers, American E. F. CADOT, J. J., 1st Lieut., U. S. Air Service, American E. F., Care Post- master, New York. CARLOCK, J. B., Major, 2d Battalion, 1st Gas Regiment, American E. F., France.

Jan 12, 1918

By T. F. Witherbee

Discussion of Mr. Baker&apos;s paper, read at the Lake Superior Meeting, September, 1904. MR. T. F. WITHERBEE, Durango, Mexico (communication to the Secretary*) : Mr. Baker&apos;s paper is very instructive in that it shows how furnace-derangements sometimes originate from apparently slight causes. In 1896 a similar burning through of the lining occurred at the Mayville furnace of the Northwestern Iron Co., Mayville, Wis., in exactly 38 days from the time the furnace was blown in. At that time I attributed it to the fact that the bell was carried several inches to the front side of the furnace, the length of the versed side of the arc described by the lever, thus dumping a little more of the charge on the back side, which made the front side of the furnace-charge more open and consequently increased the circulation of the furnace gases through it. After reading Mr. Baker&apos;s description, I believe that possibly a little more ore was charged on the back side of the hopper, due to the fact that it was nearest to the elevator. This unequal charging, however, was unconsciously done, as the fillers were both honest and faithful. The illustration of the burned lining of Furnace No. 1, given in Fig. - of Mr. Baker&apos;s paper answers very well for the Mayville furnace. It shows that in both cases the destruction of the lining was largely due to faulty construction, in that there were no cooling-plates in the angle of the bosh and in one or two courses of brick above it, where I believe they are-more in demand than anywhere else in the furnace. The presence of these cooling-plates at the angle of the bosh would have obliged the current of the hot gases to turn the corner and would have prevented them from following the angle of the bosh com¬pletely through the lining and shell.

Mar 1, 1905

By AIME AIME

WITH the example of the steel open-hearth men and their round table conference before the copper men, the query naturally arose "Why cannot we do likewise?" The advantage of pooling and comparing knowledge on smelting in the copper reverberatory furnace seems particularly pertinent at this time when all metallurgical economies possible must be rigorously enforced. A great deal of data had also been obtained and filed during the period of litigation over the Carson patent, and it would naturally be available with the cessation of further suits. With these ideas in mind, H. Foster Bain took up the advisability of holding such a conference directly with the heads of all the companies in the United States operating copper reverberatories, and found a nearly unanimous response. The mining companies appointed representatives directly, or indicated to the heads of various metallurgical operations what members of their staffs should be sent to such a conference.

Jan 1, 1930

By E. J. Wasp, N. T. Cowper, R. A. Davis, W. F. McDermott

On October 26, 1967, the world&apos;s first long distance iron ore slurry line was put into service by Savage River Mines. The commissioning of this $5 million installation climaxed three years of development, testing, and construction. The mine and concentrator are located approximately 30 miles from the town of Waratah in a rugged semi-mountainous terrain. The open pit mine will produce approximately 5 million long tons a year of crude ore, which is ground in autogenous mills, separated magnetically, thickened and prepared for the pipeline. The 53-mile pipeline transports the 2,250,000 tons of concentrate north to Port Latta. The Port Latta facilities include the receiving, storage and thickening equipment for the slurry as well as filtering, balling and pelletizing equipment to produce the 2,250,000 tons of high grade iron ore pellets. Five vertical shaft furnaces are used for pelletizing.

Jan 1, 1969

On Sept. 22 to 26, the Institute will hold its 120th meeting in Chicago. The program arranged provides for technical sessions on: Mine Taxation, Non-ferrous Metallography, Coal and Gas, Milling, Oil, Industrial Organization, Geology, Non-ferrous Metallurgy, Mining and Local Resources, Iron and Steel, Symposium on Sulfur Coals, Symposium on Pyrometry. Inspection trips have been arranged to: Gary Steel Plant. La Salle District: Zinc smelters, coal mines, cement works, America&apos;s first permanganate plant, many varied industries, scenic trips. North Chicago and Milwaukee: Mining-machinery manufacturing plants, tungsten and molybdenum reduction plants. East Chicago and Whiting: Lead refinery, oil refinery. Franklin and McCoupin: Coal fields. Chicago: Nearly every kind of metallurgical and manufacturing industry. MONDAY, SEPT. 22d Morning Registration, Non-ferrous Metallurgy, Coal and Gas. Afternoon Coal and Gas Milling Industrial Geology, etc. Evening Smoker. TUESDAY Morning Gary. Afternoon Gary. Iron and Steel. Evening Oil, Iron and Steel.

Jan 9, 1919