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By Luc Harnois, Gabriel Voicu, Marc Bardoux, Robert Crépeau

"Abstract-Detailed petrographical and geochemical studies have been carried out on the igneous and sedimentary rocks in the Omai area, part of the Paleoproterozoic Barama-Mazaruni greenstone belt, Guyana. The stratigraphic succession at Omai begins with basalts, associated with mafic-ultramafic intrusives and poorly-sorted conglomerates; these are overlain by andesites and quartzfeldspar porphyries, with pelites and tuffaceous sediments at the top. The volcanic-sedimentary succession was intruded by a quartz-monzodioritic stock (Omai stock) and granophyric rhyolite dikes. Several generations of mafic dikes were intruded discontinuously from the Mesoproterozoic to the Permo-Triassic. Volcanic rocks range in composition from subalkaline basalt to high-silica rhyolites, with a gap between 60% to 70% SiO2, which suggests the suite is bimodal. Major, trace, and rare earth element criteria were used to subdivide the rocks into tholeiitic and calc-alkaline types. The tholeiitic rocks are characterized by flat to moderately sloping chondrite-normalized REE patterns. On the basis of immobile trace-element ratios, the tholeiitic mafic rocks from Omai have characteristics of immature intra-oceanic island arcs, or of E-MORB basalts affected by a strong arc signature, as is commonly reported for back-arc basin basalts. The andesites, quartz-feldspar porphyries, rhyolites and quartz monzodioritic stock are calc-alkaline, with strongly sloping REE patterns, enrichments in the large-ion lithophile elements, and depletions in the heavy REE and high-field-strength elements, features which are typical of more mature island-arc settings.At Omai, two types of gold-bearing veins can be distinguished: vein sets (± stockworks) and tension veins, both post-dating the regional metamorphic peak at the level they were emplaced. The relationship between the gold mineralization and its host lithologies does not seem to be genetic. Rather, the emplacement of mineralization was strongly influenced by the rheological contrasts between the intrusive/subvolcanic bodies and the volcanic/sedimentary country rocks. These contrasts helped to focus the regional stress upon the more competent intrusive subvolcanic bodies, resulting in brittle fracturing, and therefore in greatly enhanced permeability to hydrothermal fluids. The Omai gold mineralization can be classified as late tectonic, with its emplacement controlled by the last brittle to brittle-ductile stages of the Trans-Amazonian orogeny."

Jan 1, 1997

By Gabriel Voicu, Harnois Luc, Marc Bardoux, Robert Crépeau

"Detailed petrographical and geochemical studies have been carried out on the igneous and sedimentary rocks in the Omai area, part of the Paleoproterozoic Barama-Mazaruni greenstonebelt, Guyana. The stratigraphic succession at Omai begins with basalts, associated with ma?c-ultrama?c intrusives and poorly-sorted conglomerates; these are overlain by andesites and quartz-feldspar porphyries, with pelites and tuffaceous sediments at the top. The volcanic-sedimentary succession was intruded by a quartz-monzodioritic stock (Omai stock) and granophyric rhyolitedikes. Several generations of ma?c dikes were intruded discontinuously from the Mesoproterozoicto the Permo-Triassic. Volcanic rocks range in composition from subalkaline basalt to high-silicarhyolites, with a gap between 60% to 70% SiO2, which suggests the suite is bimodal. Major, trace, and rare earth element criteria were used to subdivide the rocks into tholeiitic and calc-alkaline types. The tholeiitic rocks are characterized by ?at to moderately sloping chondrite-normalized REE patterns. On the basis of immobile trace-element ratios, the tholeiitic ma?c rocks from Omai have characteristics of immature intra-oceanic island arcs, or of E-MORB basalts affected by a strong arcsignature, as is commonly reported for back-arc basin basalts. The andesites, quartz-feldspar porphyries, rhyolites and quartz monzodioritic stock are calc-alkaline, with strongly sloping REE pat-terns, enrichments in the large-ion lithophile elements, and depletions in the heavy REE and high-?eld-strength elements, features which are typical of more mature island-arc settings.At Omai, two types of gold-bearing veins can be distinguished: vein sets (± stockworks) and tension veins, both post-dating the regional metamorphic peak at the level they were emplaced. The relationship between the gold mineralization and its host lithologies does not seem to be genetic. Rather, the emplacement of mineralization was strongly in?uenced by the rheological contrasts between the intrusive/subvolcanic bodies and the volcanic/sedimentary country rocks. These con-trasts helped to focus the regional stress upon the more competent intrusive subvolcanic bodies,resulting in brittle fracturing, and therefore in greatly enhanced permeability to hydrothermal ?uids.The Omai gold mineralization can be classi?ed as late tectonic, with its emplacement controlled by the last brittle to brittle-ductile stages of the Trans-Amazonian orogeny."

Jan 1, 1997

By Webber. G. R.

Variation in content of some of the major and minor elements in the Lake Dufault granodiorite near Noranda, Quebec has been studied. The element variation and specific gravity data show a pattern consistent with the concept of a concentrically zoned intrusive on the western side of Lake Dufault with a potassium-rich core and a calcium-rich inner zone. The part of the intrusive on the eastern side of Lake Dufault is of more problematical origin, but the suggestion is made that it has resulted from assimilation of volcanic rock by the intrusive. THE purpose of this investigation was to test the application of x-ray fluorescence analysis to the study of variation in chemical com-position of the Lake Dufault granodiorite. The Lake Dufault granodiorite is an intrusive body approximately six miles long by three miles wide located four miles north of Noranda, Quebec. This intrusive is of particular interest because of its -

Jan 1, 1962

By M. F. Goudge

ROCK wool, one of the most recent additions to the list of Canadian-made, insulating materials, is a soft, light, fibrous material consisting of interlaced, flexible, glassy fibres so exceedingly fine that, individually, they are almost invisible to the naked eye and will float in air. In the process of manufacture, a suitable rock, generally a self-fluxing argillaceous dolomite consisting of nearly equal proportions of acidic and basic constituents, is melted to a completely fluid state and then converted into fibres either by a blast of steam or air, or by a mechanical device. The increase within the past five years in the number of plants in the United States making rock wool and slag wool has been remarkable, especially in view of the depressed conditions prevailing 'with most industries during this period. In 1930, there were only 8 plants reporting production of .these materials, whereas at the present time there are 44 plants in the United States listed as making these products, and there are 3 plants in Canada. In 1929, the total sales of rock-wool products in the United States amounted to-$2,377,324. In 1934, according to the National Rock and Slag Wool Association, 26 member companies reported sales of $3,695,405, and in 1935 the sale's of 30 member companies had a value of $5,571,469. The establishment of the rock-wool industry in Canada followed the publication in 1931 of a report (1) by the Mines Branch, Department of Mines, Ottawa, in which was set forth the results of field work and laboratory studies which indicated that large deposits of rock in the Niagara peninsula, hitherto regarded as valueless, were suitable for the making of rock wool. This report was supplemented in 1934 by another report (2), giving the results of further laboratory and commercial-scale tests on the rock from these particular deposits, which proved conclusively that rock wool of good quality could be made from the rock in question.

Jan 1, 1936

By J. Asfahani

"The inverse slope method (ISM) was applied to reinterpret vertical electrical soundings (VES) data from pits at the Al-Sharquieh phosphate mine, in order to demonstrate applicability and suitability of the ISM for interpreting VES data from sedimentary phosphatic environments. The ISM overcomes limitations of the curve matching method and the complexity of lithological sections. The ISM geo-electrical interpretation results correlated well with lithologies of the pits. This method characterized resistivity and thickness of the phosphatic layer, and identified favourable phosphate-prospecting areas using the newly developed thickness/depth parameter. The ISM is recommended for interpreting VES measurements in similar sedimentary phosphatic regions.RÉSUMÉ La méthode d’inversion de la pente (ISM) a été utilisée pour réinterpréter les données de sondages électriques verticaux (VES) effectués dans des puits de la mine de phosphate Al-Sharquieh, afin de démontrer l’applicabilité et la pertinence de cette méthode pour interpréter les données VES dans des environnements de sédimentation de phosphates. Cette méthode (ISM) surmonte les limitations de la méthode de comparaison de courbes et la complexité des sections lithologiques. Les résultats de l’interprétation géoélectrique ISM correspondaient bien aux lithologies des puits. Elle a permis de caractériser la résistivité et l’épaisseur de la couche phosphatique et d’identifier les secteurs favorables à la prospection pour le phosphate en utilisant le paramètre nouvellement développé épaisseur/profondeur. ISM est recommandée pour l’interprétation des mesures VES dans des régions semblables où se trouve du phosphate sédimentaire."

Jan 1, 2016

By A. Karzhau, B. Aldamzharov, Y. Tussupbekov

"This case study produced for the metal mine operating in Kazakhstan, which has ventilation controlled manually and working continuously at maximum speed to keep air flowing through each part of the mine 24 hours a day. The mine auxiliary ventilation has been designed with the maximum length of ducting systems with extra air volumes to compensate for potential leakage. The mine provided auxiliary ventilation to all production stopes even to those, which for various operating reasons become temporarily inactive. However, mine safety has to consider risks associated with the deficit of fresh air for mine gases dilution and removal. The mine needs additional investments for re-designing ventilation network and therefore needs to estimate financial risks associated with it. The aim of this study is to conduct risk analysis for ventilation network optimisation processes at the operational metal mine in Kazakhstan. Mine ventilation surveys were undertaken for validation of the computerised ventilation model. The mine ventilation network modelling has been undertaken to be compliant with Kazakhstan mining regulations. Results of the mine ventilation optimisation processes were analysed in terms of financial risks for investments into reconstruction of the ventilation shafts, extension of the ventilation network, variable speed fans and automated regulators. Savings were resulted from improving ventilation system efficiency by reduce airflow in areas without mining activity and redistributing existing ventilation capacity. Based on savings derived from the optimised ventilation network an additional NPV has been received. Stochastic modelling use Monte Carlo simulation producing representation of possible outcomes for the additional NPV considering electricity pricing as a major variability. As result probability distribution for the optimised ventilation network demonstrates the additional NPV in a range of 1.6 - 2.2 million US$ in the corresponding defined value of 90%. Moreover, there is only 5% chance that the additional NPV to be less than 1.5 million US$. Conducted risk analysis for ventilation network optimisation processes gives considerations on volume of investments into the mine ventilation system.INTRODUCTIONCosts for mine ventilation are typically increasing when mines expand to deep levels. Some underground mines in Kazakhstan still use continuously operating fans at its maximum capacity. This is not helping to save energy and costs that are in many cases very significant. This case study produced for the metal mine operating in Kazakhstan, which has ventilation controlled manually and working continuously at maximum speed to keep air flowing through each part of a mine 24 hours a day. The mine auxiliary ventilation has been designed with maximum length of ducting systems and extra air volumes to compensate for potential leakage. The mine provided auxiliary ventilation to all production stopes even to those, which for various operating reasons become temporarily inactive. However, mine safety has to consider risks associated with the deficit of fresh air for mine gases dilution and removal from the mine workings (Sabanov, 2019). The mine needs additional investments for re-designing ventilation networks and therefore need to estimate financial risks associated with it. The aim of this study is to conduct risk analysis for ventilation networks optimisation processes at the operational mine in Kazakhstan. Mine ventilation surveys for validation of the computerised ventilation model have been undertaken"

Jan 1, 2019

By G. M. Brownell

A DEPOSIT of hematite occurs on Black island, lake Winnipeg, at a point known locally as Red Rock, on the south shore of the island directly across from Clements point. The mail boat from the Canadian Pacific Railway terminus at Riverton, crossing the lake to Manigotogan twice weekly, passes near Red Rock and provides a convenient means of transportation to this part of Black island (Figure 1). HISTORICAL The occurrence of hematite on Black island has been known for a long time. Dowling's report of 1898 states(1): "An iron-ore deposit on the south side has been known' for many years, and on Jeffrey's map of 1762, showing Canada and northern part of Louisiana, Iron island is shown a short distance south of the narrows, evidently the same as the Black island of today".

Jan 1, 1945

By Nirmal Weerasekara

Mill liners serve the dual purpose of protecting the shell from wear and transferring the rotary motion of the mill to an effective grinding action. As the liners wear, the efficiency of energy transfer changes, so there is balance between liner profile for wear and for milling efficiency. A tool that can simultaneously predict the evolution of the liner profile and the associated change in milling efficiency should prove most useful in optimal liner design. This paper presents such an approach, based on measured 3D liner profile data informing 3D DEM simulations of charge motion and liner wear modelling.

Jan 1, 2012

By L. B. Kilius

The composite cathode system based on Ce0.9Gdo.1O2_,5 electrolyte with a painted cathode was used for an intermediate temperature (500-700°C) solid oxide fuel cell. This cathode system was chosen due to its excellent thermal expansion match to the electrolyte, its relatively high conductivity (115 S cm-1 at 700°C), and its low activation energy for oxygen reduction (99 kJ/mol). It was found that the decrease of sintering temperature of the composite cathode system produces a significant decrease in charge transfer resistances to a level of 0.25 SI cm2. The conductivity measurements of porous samples produced values between 40 and 88 S/cm for porosities of 30-40%.

Jan 1, 2005

By W. S. Dyer

Considerable attention has been paid in recent years to the fire-clay and silica-sand deposits of the Mattagami and Missinaibi rivers and ? to the lignite occurring in them. The fireclay especially deserves this attention; it is of first-class quality; it appears to be widespread; it is the only fire-clay in central Canada, and part of it lies not more than 20 miles west of Coral rapids, to which point steel will be laid this coming spring by the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario railway. Undoubtedly, these clays will rapidly find a place in industry. The fire-clays and the better grades of silica-sand are Mesozoic in age and have been referred to the Lower Cretaceous or Upper Jurassic. Glacial clays and sands and Palaeozoic shales also occur in the same region, but are of little economic value, and will not be dealt with in this paper. Dr. Robert Bell was perhaps the first to discover the clays, since in the Report of Progress of the Geological Survey of Canada for 1877 and 1878 he reported beds of lignite on Coal brook, a tributary of the Missinaibi river, underlain by sticky clay and overlain by glacial drift. In 1880 E. B. Borron (1) discovered an extensive deposit of white sand and clay on the east bank of the Missinaibi river, five miles below Coal brook, and in 1890 (2) he examined the deposit found by Dr. Bell on Coal brook. He recognized that the underlying clays were quite distinct from the glacial clays of the region, and suggested that they might be used for fire-brick if metallurgical operations were undertaken in the region. Somewhat later, J. M: Bell described a deposit of fire-clay and silica-sand on the Wabiskagami river, another tributary of the Missinaibi.

Jan 1, 1928

By Alan A. Barton

Introduction The Little Long Lac mine is situated in the Thunder Bay mining district, township of Errington, Ontario. The mine is located on the south side of the most westerly bay of Little Long Lac. The property consists of 36 claims, which comprise some 1,400 acres. This group of claims was staked in August, 1932, by Tony Oklend and Tom Johnson, and, after surface sampling, was optioned by the present controlling interests, who diamond-drilled it during the winter of 1932-33. In early spring, a small steam-driven plant was installed, and shaft sinking commenced on June 1st, 1933. During the summer, all supplies are transported to the mine from Hardrock station, at mileage 18 on the Canadian National Railway line from Longlac to Port Arthur. At Hardrock, which is seven miles from the mine, the railway skirts a bay of Little Long Lac, and supplies are loaded directly from railway cars to scows. Two scows are used, of 30-and 45-ton capacity, respectively. A 36-ft. pointer, powered by a 35 h.p. engine, is used as a tug. A good winter-road has been cut out from Geraldton to the mine, for winter transportation. Geraldton is about two miles north of the mine, and is also located on the Canadian National railway. A hard-surface road is now being constructed for summer as well as winter use. Geology The Little Long Lac gold area covers the northern limits of a large synclinal structure, the contact of the Keewatin flows and sediments, striking about twenty degrees north of west, with the dip of the sediments varying from eighty degrees north to seventy degrees south, the average being around eighty degrees south. The vein worked by Little Long Lac Gold Mines occurs in massive sedimentary rock of about the composition of arkosic or quartzitic greywacke, and consists of a shear-zone up to fifteen feet in width, striking N.75°E. and dipping steeply to the south, which has been filled by numerous narrow, parallel quartz veins and. veinlets. These are well mineralized. with arsenopyrite, pyrite, and some chalcopyrite and stibnite, and carry considerable quantities of visible gold. They show more than one age of quartz deposition, the quartz being fractured and re-cemented. The arkosic rocks separating the veins and veinlets are also slightly mineralized with pyrite. Work to date has indicated the probability that the vein-shear is controlled by local drag-folding.

Jan 1, 1935

By A. Darragh

"Past Growth The Canadian coal industry has grown rapidly during the past two decades. Coal production increased over four-fold between 1965 and 1982; consumption almost doubled, imports remained relatively flat, exports soared and total demand increased nearly two and a half times. Coal production grew during this period at an average rate of 8.60/o, compounded annually; this remarkable performance is shown in Table 1 and Figure 1. The relationship between production and consumption is shown in Figure 1, where in 1981 the total Canadian production of coal for the first time exceeded total Canadian consumption. ln Figure 2, the relationship between imports from the United States and Canadian coal exports is shown; in_ 1981 again for the first time, exports offshore exceeded imports into Canada. The rapid growth in Canadian coal use between 1965 and 1982 followed a major decline after World War II, as the country moved rapidly to an oil based economy. Changes in consumption patterns between 1945 and 1982 are shown ~n Table 2. Railway consumption of coal was reduced to zero m the early 1960s. The industrial and domestic consumers market share fell from about 660/o in 1960 to 6.70/o in 1975; this share, however, appears to have stabilized in recent years and actual volumes can be expected to increase in the future. The steel industry's share of the coal market fell over the same period, but the volume in recent years has remained fairly constant at about seven megatonnes per year.Perhaps the most significant change in consumption is in the share of coal consumed in the generation of electricity; this has increased from 80/o in 1960 to over three quarters of the total Canadian coal consumed in 1982. This increase in thermal coal consumption has been supplied by indigenous coal, and was accompanied by a decreasing share for coal imported from the U.S.A. into central Canada. It is expected, because of the nuclear power commitment in Ontario, that this share will continue to decrease, although the total volume of coal imported may increase slowly over time. This will likely also have a dampening effect on future coal sales to Ontario from western Canada."

Jan 1, 1985

By S. Caron

From the early 70?s, ?Centre de Recherche Minérale? (CRM) has conducted and co-ordinated Research and Development activities for the mineralurgical and metallurgical industries. Since 1999, CRM has continued its mandate through COREM which is a consortium of 13 members that uses the benefits and advantages of collaborative pre-competitive industry / university research. In particular, COREM?s ?In-Situ Optimization Group? is involved in the implementation of modern optimization and control tools. The POP Project was launched in order to increase and consolidate the use of modern optimization and control tools and methods for mineralurgical and metallurgical processes. To ensure a successful transfer in the industry, there are a number of essential activities that have to be undertaken. These activities have been identified by COREM?s members and are grouped into three main modules: - R&D Module: Research and Development in universities, research centres and other partners; - Technology Transfer Module: integration of new tools and methods into the POP Software, industrial applications and technical support; - Training Module: education of new engineers in universities, continuing education of plant personnel through on-site workshops and resource networking by specific information exchange tools. This paper outlines the opportunities that led to the definition of the POP Project and describes its main modules. The main features of the POP Software are presented, the first application is described and finally, future developments are discussed.

May 1, 2001

By C. Graham

Thin Spray-On Liners (TSLs) have been researched and in development for over two decades and yet their fully functional and widely justifiable application in mining has yet to be achieved. While the explanation for this is partly technical, it is also clear that proving and communicating the operational and economic case for why a mine should change from mesh or shotcrete liners to a TSL is not a trivial matter. Evidence must be presented and communicated effectively, that is both obvious and compelling for a mine operator. The paper describes recent work carried out and directed towards this end, with funding from CAMIRO?s Deep Mining Research Consortium and additional support from 3M Canada and ABB Canada. The essential progress that has been, or is in the process of being made, will be described in providing the necessary proof of acceptable or superior TSL performance in the following areas: polymer formulation, health and safety, geotechnical specification, robotic liner application, business case economics and yielding ground support effectiveness. Future plans are also presented to demonstrate the performance of a new 3M composite TSL/yielding bolt support system in underground trials where the substrate rock is intended to fail through a number of mining-induced mechanisms.

Aug 1, 2013

By Andrukaitis. E.

The increasing use of electronic equipment by the Canadian Forces has increased the importance of electric power. A power source that is packed with energy and yet light, small and durable is the common request of military users. However, this needs to be achieved while also addressing the requirements of safety, reliability and low temperature performance. The potential use of fuel cells in a military environment has become a possibility in several areas in the 21st century. Some examples of power source requirements and the materials related R&D required to give better, higher energy power systems in the future will be discussed.

Jan 1, 2005

By C. E. St. Denis

"Training Program at Sherritt Gordon's Ruttar:. ConcentratorA formal training program for mill operators is being developed and employed at Sherritt Gordon's Ruttan Concentrator. The program was set up to fulfil the needs created by a shortage of skilled reliable labour, a 200% turnover of personnel within the first six months of operation and the rapid advances in mineral processing technology. All new employees are introduced into the Mill Department through an orientation program designed to familiarize them with the operation of the plant. All training and orientation of new employees is the responsibility of a. small training section consisting of two training foremen and one assistant. Using a combination of classroom and supervised on the job training, the training times have been cut by at least one half. High operating standards have been set and are maintained through the use of detailed manuals for each work area and competent instruction at all operating levels. The major portion of training costs arise from the salaries of the training staff but are negligible when compared to the improved recoveries, smaller turnover and less downtime. Government assistance is available to all industrial employers to offset the costs of training employees."

Jan 1, 1974

By Masami Nakamoto

Controlled thermolysis of gold(I) thiolate complex, [C14H29(CH3)3N][Au(SC12H25)2], at 180 °C for 5 h under an N2 atmosphere produces novel gold nanoparticles passivated by alkyl groups derived from the precursor complex, the TEM photograph of which shows spherical particles with average diameter 26 nm. Since Brust et al. reported the two-phase reduction of AuCl4 - by NaBH4 to afford monodispersed gold nanoparticles passivated by alkanethiolate ligands (1), plenty of preparative investigations on gold nanoparticles (2,3) and its surface modification (3,4) have appeared, because of their potential applications in microelectronics (5). However, those preparative methods generally involve the reduction of AuCl4 - by reducing agent NaBH4 in the presence of suitable organic stabilizers such as alkanethiol (1-4), phosphane (5), quarternary ammonium salts (6), surfactants (7) or polymers (8). On the other hand, O?Brien et al. recently reported the preparation of organically capped gold nanoparticles at 190 °C, where tri-n-octylphosphine oxide and/or n-octadecylamine are used both as a reaction medium and as a passivating ligand (6), but this procedure also needs NaBH4 as reducing agent. Our strategy of novel preparative method of gold nanoparticles is the combination of reductive elimination of thiolate ligands and simultaneous attachment of organic moiety on the growing nuclei. Gold(I) thiolate complexes with ammonium cations were useful for our preparative method. We now report the controlled thermolysis of gold(I) thiolate complexes, [R(CH3)3N][Au(SC12H25)2] and [R(CH3)3N][Au(SC6H4-p-R?)2] (R= C14H29, C12H25; R?= C8H17, CH3), under an N2 atmosphere, where the powder of gold(I) thiolate complexes completely melts to afford the precursor liquid and then the liquid gradually decomposes. In spite of no use of reducing agent and solvent, reduction reaction is thermochemically induced to afford novel gold nanoparticles passivated by alkyl groups rather than by alkanethiolate ligands. Figure 1a shows a typical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of gold nanoparticles prepared by thermolysis of [C14H29(CH3)3N][Au(SC12H25)2] at 180 °C for 5 h, indicating a controlled growth of spherical gold nanoparticles. As shown in Fig. 1b, these spherical gold nanoparticles display the size distribution ranging from 5 to 50 nm. Although the particle size is larger than that of thiol-derivatized gold nanoparticles (less than 5 nm) prepared by NaBH4 reduction (1-3), the aggregation of gold nuclei is smoothly regulated and the growth of core gold is limited to be 26 nm in average diameter in spite of thermal procedure.

Oct 1, 2003

By J G. Brady

This paper discusses the ceramic products used in the construction industry in Canada, as well as the main raw materials used in their manufacture. The products include the! following: (1) clay prorlucts -such as facing brick (glazed and unglazed), common brick, facing tile (glazed and un-glazed), terra cotta, load-bearing tile, non-load-bearing tile, structural clay floor tile, quarry tile, drain tile, sew-er pipe, conduits .and flue liners -which are made mainly from domes-tic common clays and shales and from domestic or imported stoneware clays and low-grade fire clays; (2) floor and wall tiles of the whiteware type, which are produced from ingredients such as kaolin, ball clay, feldspar, nepheline syenite, talc, pvro-phyllite and wollastonite; (3) glass products -the major ones being sheet glass, plate glass and mineral wool (glass wool, and rock or slag wool) -which are made from such materials as silica sand, soda ash, salt cake, feldsspar, nepheline syenite, dolomitic limestone, high-calcium limestone. borax and (for rock and slag wool) various rocks or slags;

Jan 1, 1963

By W R. Honeywell

Two series of laboratory flotation tests were carried out to study the treatment of Faraday ore by two-stage flotation. First the acid-consumers and then the uranium minerals were floated. On ore ground in the Faraday mill grinding circuit, and using Faraday mill water in the flotation step, a recovery in the flotation concentrate of from 91 to 93 percent of the uranium was obtained in 45 to 50 per cent of the weight at a grade of 0.24 per cent U30s. The saving of acid in leaching the uranium-bearing flotation concentrate, as compared to leaching the whole ore, ranged from 30 to 46 per cent. The average over-all extraction resulting from flotation and leaching of the flotation concentrate was 88.1 per cent. The best collector for the acid-consumers was sodium oleate. Acintol F A-1 emulsion was the best collector for the uranium minerals, and, in the uranium flotation step, an acid pH in the slurry was found to be necessary. The reagent costs were estimated to be 22 to 26 cents per ton of ore.

Jan 1, 1963

By L. Newman, R. Wyrick, R. Berezowsky

The Stillwater Mining Company operates an integrated mines, mill, smelter and base metals refinery complex in Montana, USA for the production of a high-grade platinum group metals (PGM) bearing concentrate, nickel sulphate crystal and cathode copper from the PGM-containing nickel-copper converter matte. The complex was constructed in stages over several years, starting with the mine and the mill, followed by the smelter and finally, a base metals refinery, which was commissioned in 1996. Due to the relatively small quantity of matte production, a straightforward refinery process was initially selected to extract the base metals, which reported to a mixed nickel-copper solution for further treatment off-site, and yielded a high-grade PGM concentrate suitable for treatment in a PGM refinery elsewhere. Subsequently, as a result of increased matte production, the process was modified to separate the nickel and copper, and to produce a nickel sulphate salt and cathode copper. This paper describes the design and operation of the original and the modified processes utilized in the base metals refinery (BMR).

Jan 1, 2004