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By C. P. Moore, G. W. Taylor

Vertically dipping lenses of nickel-copper ore at Dumbarton Mines Limited are being mined by a modified blasthole stoping method. The principal access to the mine is provided by a 15-degree decline, which, in conjunction with the use of ramps and declines for secondary access, maximizes the accessibility and mobility of trackless mining equipment. Sublevels are driven in ore on 80-foot vertical intervals and subsequently the ore, ranging in thickness from 15 to 30 feet, is slashed to its limits by a procedure of face sampling and test holing. Two longhole drill jumbos are used to drill off 40-foot vertical slices above and below these levels. Following blasting, the ore falls by gravity to the 500-foot horizon, where it is removed from drawpoints by load-haul-dump units and transported by truck to the main orepass. The rock is crushed to minus 3-4 inches and conveyed to surface by a 30-inch-wide wire rope suspended conveyor. This is achieved in two flights, a lower one of 290 feet and a main flight of 2260 feet. All aspects of the mining operation are discussed in the paper, including ventilation, services and safety.

Jan 1, 1973

By P. R. A. Andrews, R. K. Collings

"There are more than 300 occurrences of fluorite in Canada. Deposits of economic significance, however, are confined to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia in eastern Canada, Ontario in central Canada, and British Columbia in western Canada. Fluorite has been mined and processed intermittently in Ontario and Newfoundland until November 1990, when Canada's only producer Minworth Ltd., a U.K. based company, with a mine and concentrator near St. Lawrence on the Burin Peninsula, Newfoundland, closed its operation.CANMET has processed ore samples from each of the major mineralized areas, and thirty-one studies were conducted between 1920and 1970. A summary of the important aspects of the various testwork studies is presented. The production of acid-grade fluorite was possible by flotation, and ceramic-grade, by flotation and gravity concentration methods. Gravity concentration methods included heavy media separation, jigging and tabling. Flotation was by direct and reverse techniques; associated minerals, quartz, calcite, barite, etc. were depressed by a variety of depressants. The function of the major depressants is discussed briefly. The various uses offluorite which include hydrofluoric acid, chlorofluorocarbons, aluminum production, petroleum alkylation, fluxing and ceramic applications etc. are discussed briefly."

Jan 1, 1993

By J. W. Spyker, D. H. Filson, W. H. W. Husband

"Large deposits of sodium sulphate exist in southern Saskatchewan in the brines or muddy crystal beds of alkali Jakes. Currently, more than 300,000 tons per year of sodium sulphate are produced from these lakes and sold as salt cake to the paper industry. Most of the production is obtained from the brines of a limited number of Jakes.The Saskatchewan Research Council was requested to develop a process for recovering sodium sulphate from the muddy crystal beds so that this type of deposit could be exploited in the future. A flowsheet was developed with the aid of phase diagram data and the process was studied on a pilot-plant scale using raw material from three different lakes. Satisfactory yields and product purities were obtained in all cases, and an economic analysis indicated that a 100,000-ton-per-year sodium sulphate plant could produce salt cake at a cost of $12.26 per ton for a rate of return upon investment of 16 per cent at current market prices."

Jan 1, 1966

By M. W. Gilmore, J. Ndlovu, T. Sepoloane, Anglo American Platinum, L. R. Nelson, R. N. Varty, L. J. Bryson, B. Peyper, J. P. Hagemann

"As part of Anglo American Platinum’s Rustenburg Base Metals Refinery (RBMR) expansion, a new Nickel Electrowinning Tank House, with a nameplate capacity of 32 400 tons per annum, was constructed. Commissioning of the new electrowinning technology, which involved world first full deposit plating, commenced in 2011.The old nickel electrowinning process at the RBMR used starter sheets which, along with a divided cell configuration, was very labour intensive and exposed operators to high levels of aerosols that contained both nickel and acid. To overcome this problem two key design intents of the new technology are aerosol abatement and minimising labour in the electrowinning cell environment, with a design target to reduce the nickel occupational exposure limit (OEL) to half the legislated limit of 0.1 mg.m-3.Commissioning of the new technologies adopted to achieve mist abatement is described, together with a review of technical and operational challenges relating to the titanium blank edge strips, blank roughness and sandblasting optimisation, blank quality control, electrode spacing, polyconcrete cell dimensional stability and cell top furniture. The impact of these on process performance is presented and the development of fault checking and rectification methods, to maintain high process performance, is explained.INTRODUCTIONThe expansion of Anglo American Platinum’s Rustenburg Base Metals Refinery necessitated the construction of a new Nickel Tank House to achieve two primary objectives, namely increasing the nickel electrowinning capacity from 22 500 tons per annum (tpa) to 32 400 tpa nickel, and a design to reduce the nickel aerosols to 0.05 mg.m-3 as a time weighted average over 8 hours, which is half of the legislated occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 0.1 mg.m-3."

Jan 1, 2016

By D. A. Nelson, Wedding. R. E.

"A planned production increase of 1.25 million tonnes per year at Domtar's salt mine in Goderich, Ontario required an increase in the underground mine ventilation system from 320,000 to 700,000 scfm, The design of the expanded facility included the addition of a 22-foot-diameter shaft to augment the existing production and service shafts.A preliminary review of the ventilation requirement s indicated that in order to pr ovide good economic design for the expanded system, a comprehensive ventilation survey of the existing system was required. The survey was completed in the latter part of 1980, and subsequent engineering design and equipment selection proceeded throughout 1981.This paper presents the methods used to carry out the survey. Particular attention is given to the numerous challenges presented in determining air flows in the large 45-ftwide by 43-ft-high airways. Emphasis is placed on practical field survey techniques.A mathematical model of the ventilation system using a computer program is described, and the application of this program to provide design data and assist in equipment selection is discussed. Economic sizing of airways and fan selection are analyzed considering horsepower and operating costs.IntroductionThe Goderich Mine of Sifto Salt Division, Domtar Inc., is located on the eastern shore of Lake Huron in the town of Goderich, Ontario, and has been operating since November 1959. The salt is extracted by a modified room-and-pillar method, and the workings advance at a rate of 1.5 miles per year by undercutting, drilling and blasting. The surface mine area consists of a 12-acre site in the Goderich harbour, at the mouth of the Maitland River, and the underground property consists of approximately 2,700 acres lying mainly under Lake Huron."

Jan 1, 1983

By C. J. Newman, K. Molnar, A. G. Storey, G. Macfarlane

"The Kidd Creek copper smelter started operation in June 1981 using the Mitsubishi Continuous Smelting Process. A steady increase in plant production rates has been demonstrated, and the annual tonnage of concentrate smelted is now double the original design rate. This paper summarizes recent modifications made to increase concentrate feed rates, increase on-line time, reduce copper losses and control the impurity level in anode copper. It includes improvements made to furnace design, improvements to reduce downtime f or boiler cleaning, and improvements made to the acid plant to allow handling of increased gas flowrates and higher gas strengths while maintaining low acid plant emission rates. IntroductionThe Kidd Creek Division of Fal conbridge Limited operates a base-metal mining and metallurgical complex, located in Timmins, Ontario, which includes an underground mine, a 13 500 tonne/day concentrator, a 130000 tonne/year zinc plant and a copper smelter and refinery, The copper smelter and refinery were commissioned in 1981, with an installed capacity of 59 000 tonnes/ year of cathode. The smelter, utilizing the continuous smelting technology of the Mitsubishi Process, has subsequently been expanded in production capacity, and in 1991 produced 113 500 tonnes of blister copper The capacity of the refinery, which uses Onahama No. 3 tankhouse technology, has been increased to 96 000 tonnes/year of cathode. The capacity increase at the smelter has been realized through the input of additional oxygen to both the smelting and converting furnaces, without increasing the process off-gas flowrate through the associated waste heat boilers.In this paper, a brief review of smelter operation and modifications in the period 1982 to 1987 is presented, together with a more detailed discussion of operation during 1988 to 1991, and a discussion of future planned improvements."

Jan 1, 1992

By F. McCarthy, W. Zhang, R. McDonald

"The processing of nickel laterites has been a topic of major interest at CSIRO for almost twenty years. During this period CSIRO has collaborated with other researchers and industry in developing a better understanding of existing processes and been actively involved in testing/developing new beneficiation and process options for these ores. The current paper summarises the results of selected studies and highlights improvements that have been achieved. Key topics to be discussed include enhancements in the mineralogical characterisation, beneficiation approaches, improvements in the understanding and application of leaching technologies, the development of synergistic solvent extraction (SSX) for the recovery of nickel/cobalt from laterite leach liquors and the collaborative development of the Direct Nickel process. Future opportunities and key research questions will be briefly examined.INTRODUCTION Nickel laterite ores comprise a significant resource in Australia and according to United States Geological Survey data nearly a quarter of world reserves are located there (USGS, 2016). More specifically, around 95% of Australian nickel resources (laterite and sulfide) are located in Western Australia (Australian Government, 2017). Given the recent closure of Queensland Nickel, essentially all of Australian nickel production occurs in Western Australia and the primary producers of processed nickel products include Nickel West (Kwinana) with ~84,000 t saleable nickel metal in 2016 (BHP Billiton, 2017), Minara Resources (Murrin Murrin) with 46,700 t nickel metal produced in 2015 (Glencore Australia, 2017), and First Quantum Minerals Ltd (Ravensthorpe) who sold 25,882 t nickel as mixed hydroxide product in 2016 (First Quantum Minerals, 2017). The total sales of nickel from Western Australia in the 2015-16 financial year were 175,722 t. The study of nickel laterites at CSIRO recommenced at the time second generation High Pressure Acid Leaching (HPAL) plants were being commissioned at Bulong, Cawse and Murrin Murrin in the late 1990’s. A combination of technical and engineering issues meant that the ramp-up times at these operations were slower than expected and the outcomes resulting from the attendant problems are well documented (e.g. Griffin & Becker, 2000; Reid & Barnett, 2002; O’Callaghan, 2003) while the issues faced at the BHP-Billiton-built Ravensthorpe plant have been addressed by the current owners of this project, First Quantum Minerals Ltd (Piper, 2012)."

Jan 1, 2017

The theory and practice of sampling of particulate material have been the focus of a continued attention on the part of the mining industry worldwide for almost a century now, because of its critical importance at all phases of a mining project, from exploration (bulk sampling, assaying) to production (grade control) and marketing (quality control). A powerful, complete theory was put together by P. Oy (1968 to i982), but its applications to gold ores have met with limited success to date, due to the inadequacy of its sampling variance and minimum sample mass determination formulae to the challenging case of gold ores. This paper presents a research project completed at Inco Exploration and Technical Services Inc., using a geostatistical approach, to shed light on the results of P.Gy's theory, and adapt them to the case of particulate gold ores. After a reminder of Gy's formulae and a simplified demonstration of the generic form of Gy's and more traditional formulae, an empirical approach, based on sampling experiments from four gold deposits, shows how Gy's formulae must be corrected to adjust to the case of gold ores. The generality of the results formula is then substantiated with a geostatistical analysis of the problem. A parameterized formula results, and indications are given on how to fit its parameters to experimental data. Application guidelines and charts to fit any case and budget are presented, along with a detailed practical example.

Jan 1, 1991

By N. Waters

"Nickel saprolite ores are normally mined as feed to Fe-Ni smelters or Ni matte smelting operations. The smelting processes typically require high Ni cut-off grades of approximately 1.5 to 2.2% Ni, depending on the operation. These very high cut-off grades result in a significant portion of the saprolite profile being regarded as “waste” and hence having little to no value. The Starved Acid Leach Technology (SALT) was developed to recover nickel and cobalt from nickel saprolites and Caron plant residues. Relatively small amounts of acid are applied to ground saprolites or Caron residues in order to selectively leach nickel and cobalt. The leaching is performed atmospherically under low free acid conditions. Nickel and cobalt may be recovered from the leachate as a mixed hydroxide. The mixed hydroxide may be added directly to a saprolite smelting operation or refined separately. InCoR Technologies is advancing the application of SALT at a number of sites. Bench scale testing has provided a relationship between acid addition and nickel extraction in leaching. Conceptual engineering studies have been completed by SNC Lavalin. The simplicity of the SALT technology provides the benefits of low capital and operating cost and an expected rapid ramp up to full production.INTRODUCTION The recent history of hydrometallurgical nickel laterite treatment plants has demonstrated mixed financial and operational performance. Table 1 summarizes the next generation plants built after the financial and/or technical failure of the Bulong, Cawse and Murrin-Murrin plants in Australia. The Coral Bay plants (Line 1 and 2) stand out (and now Taganito) as relatively low capital cost, simple (no acid plant, production of mixed sulfide product), and modest in scale (10, 12 and 36 kt Ni/a). However, the other plants in the list (Ravensthorpe, Ramu, Goro and Ambatovy) are all characterized by financial and technical challenges. All plants have a very high capital cost ($67,000 to $120,000 USD/annual t of Ni production). Ravensthorpe was sold by BHP Billiton after a poor startup. Ramu has had a steady ramp up but only produces mixed hydroxide for refining by others. Goro has had an extended construction period (since 2001), is high cost and has been very slow to ramp up to design production rates. Ambatovy has had a steady ramp up."

Jan 1, 2017

By Warwick D. Bullen

Gold mining in the Yellowknife area of the Northwest Territories started long before the concept of sustainability entered the academic literature and by the time the term enjoyed widespread public acceptance, the Yellowknife gold mining industry was in its sunset years. Nevertheless, the city of Yellowknife will long outlive the gold mines that it was founded on, demonstrating that not only can mining build sustainable communities, but that sustainable mining as a concept is an entirely valid precept. To this effect, the authors examine the complex economic and social aspects of the gold mining industry in the Yellowknife area over the last 70 years.

May 1, 2004

By Z. Trojanová

The deformation behaviour of ternary magnesium alloys AJ (Mg-Al-Sr) and AX (Mg-Al-Ca) were investigated in tension as well as compression tests. The samples were deformed at temperatures between 20 and 300 °C and at an initial strain rate of the order 10-4 s 1. The flow stress decreases with increasing temperature. The macroscopic work hardening rate decreases with increasing flow stress and temperature. The stress and temperature dependence of the work hardening rate is a result of the hardening and softening processes. Stress relaxation experiments were performed in order to reveal features of the thermally activated dislocation motion. Internal and effective stress components of the applied stress were estimated. A decrease in the internal stress was observed at elevated temperatures, which indicates recovery process (-es). A more detailed analysis of the estimated values of the activation volume and activation energy helped to interpret the thermally activated processes during plastic deformation. It is concluded that the deformation behaviour of the alloys depends on the activity of non-basal slip that is strongly influenced by temperature.

Jan 1, 2007

By M. A. Bérubé, M. Choquette, P. W. Godbehere

"RESUMELa scorie produite par le procédé pyrométallurgique d'extraction Noranda contient environ5% de cuivre. Elle est traitée comme un minerai conventionnel de cuivre au concentrateur de Mines Noranda et les rejets de flottation présentent encore des teneurs souvent supérieures à 0.3% en cuivre. La scorie est principalement constituée de magnétite, de fayalite et d'un verre siliceux. Bien sûr, Ie cuivre y est majoritairement sous forme de sulfures et d'un peu de cuivre métallique. Le verre contient toutefois un peu de cuivre en solution, de 0.14 à 0.33% en moyenne, selon l’echantillon examine, ce qui représente à peine 1% de tout Ie cuivre de la scorie. Dans les rejets de flottation, cela justifie par contre de 15 à 25% des pertes totales en cuivre, Ie reste se retrouvant sous forme de tres petits globules de sulfures de cuivre ou de cuivre métallique, en moyenne de 2 à 3 micromètres de diamètre et bien emprisonnes dans Ie verre.SUMMARYThe slag produced by the Noranda continuous smelting process usually contains about 5% copper. It is processed as a conventional copper ore at the concentrator of Noranda Mines. The flotation tailings still often contain more than 0.3% Cu. The slag is mainly constituted by magnetite, fayalite and a siliceous glass. Evidently, the copper occurs mostly as sulphides and, to a lesser extent, as metallic copper. However the glass contains a small amount of this metal in solution, between 0.14 and 0.33% on an average, depending upon the investigated sample. This represents scarcely 1% of the total copper in the crude slag, but as much as 15 to 25% of this metal in the flotation tailings, in which the major part of the copper occurs as very small globules of copper sulphides or metallic copper with an average diameter of about 2 to 3 um and well-locked in the glass."

Jan 1, 1987

By Brian W. Mackenkzie, Jozef Lajzerowicz

This paper is intended to familiarize planners in the noncommunist world with the district planning approach used in eastern Europe for mining development. It deals generally with the basic nature of the district planning problem, the planning process for mining development and the state organization for the planning of mining districts. A number of applications of district planning techniques to both established and new eastern European mining districts are described.

Jan 1, 1971

By L. E. Djingheuzian

Introduction Cylindrical grinding mills have been used for a long time, but during many years of testing no methods were established that gave consistent results. The work by both scientific investigators and operators led very often to contradictory conclusions, and each millman was very much 'on his own' when trying to find the limits for working of his ball-mills. Fred C. Bond, in the introduction to his paper on Wear and Size Distribution of Grinding Balls, freely states that the mathematical immaturity of the grinding process "is the cause of many inefficient designs and installations as well as of much poorly oriented experimental work", and evidently he sees the solution of all our grinding problems in the discovery of the fundamental laws "which can change the empirical art into a mathematically exact science". While the writer is in complete agreement with Mr. Bond that grinding is governed by fundamental laws which can be expressed by mathematical formulae, there are so many variables in grinding, all interwoven with each other and mutually influencing each other, that the coalescing and merging of all these variables into a harmonious mathematical whole appears to be a homeric job. However, a light appeared on the horizon when it was proposed that power be used as an index of the grinding operation. It is pertinent to quote Gow, Guggenheim, Campbell, and Coghill from their paper on Ball Milling, in which they say: "Much of the past literature devoted to the subject has been concerned with the Kick-Rittinger dispute over evaluating grinding, or with dissertations on ball paths and the closely allied impact versus attrition hypotheses or with the exclusive consideration of certain specific variables, such as mill speed or circulating load, irrespectve of the other factors in operation. Such subjects may be dismissed with but little discussion in what may be called, by comparison a new philosophy in the stud of ball milling. Briefly this 'new philosophy' consists ' of using power as an index of the mill operation, and investigating grinding from the standpoint of set and induced variables with emphasis on the latter". But it is safe to assume that it was the work by E.W. Davis, H. E. T. Haultain, F. C. Dyer, A: M. Gaudin, J. Gross, S. R. Zimmerley, and others, that cleared the path for the authors of Ball Milling and induced them and A. W. Fahrenwald to look farther afield and thus to establish a far-reaching relationship between the power and capacity and the diameter of the ball-mills.

Jan 1, 1949

By Kamran Esmaieli

Open Pit Mining Through Underground Voids: Challenges Main Challenges/Hazards: Unexpected collapse of the pit floor and/or pit walls; The loss of equipment and/or people into underground voids; Loss of explosives from blast holes that broken through into the underground voids. How to address these challenges? An important step that must be integrated into mine planning and design is the accurate detection and delineation of underground voids. (i.e. probe drilling, Geophysical techniques, laser scanning,?); Leaving a pillar of adequate thickness between the working bench and the underground voids; Backfilling the underground voids from surface using vertical or inclined raises; Monitoring the working locations (pit floor and pit slopes) to detect movements.

May 1, 2013

By V. J. Hucka, J. H. Tu

"A computer model has been developed for evaluating the performance of truck and shovel operations in an open-pit mine. The data required for describing the haulage network are simplified and shift startup and ending procedures specific to any given mine can be incorporated into the model readily . The model uses a FORTRAN-based simulation language SLAM and can be tailored to the conditions and practices of a particular mine.The model is used to analyze truck and shovel operations, evaluate different haulage layouts in the planning stage, or compare the expected performance of alternative truck dispatching systems.Stochastic simulation is used to model the random variation in time required f or the individual activities. This gives a more realistic representation of the processes under study. Simulation runs show good agreement with actual performance. The model is especially useful for examining alternatives in equipment acquisition , haulroad design, truck-shovel allocation and dispatching methods. The results of such simulations provide a sound basis f or making major management decisions.IntroductionTruck haul age is widely used in open-pit mining operations. It is also the largest cost item in the operating costs of an openpit mine, in some cases accounting for an estimated 50% of operating costs(1) , Truck replacements, which are necessary from time to time, involve large amounts of cap ital. Increasing depth of mining and consequent increase in stripping ratios require additional capital investment in the truck-shovel fleet. The sharp rise in energy costs over the last decade has also contibuted significantly to an increase in truck fleet operating costs . All these factors have led mine operators to search for ways to improve the effectiveness of the truck-shovel fleet, in order to lower costs and maintain a profitable operation in the face of declining markets and increasing world wide competition.Control of truck haulage in an open-pit mine is usually done in one of two ways."

Jan 1, 1985

By G. E. Viens, R. A. Campbell, G. N. Banks

A survey of the literature reveals wide differences in the procedures used in making iron ore pellets and in the properties of the pellets obtained. In this paper, the methods of production and the properties of pellets, as reported in the literature, are examined in an effort to determine what correlations exist between them. An attempt is also made to determine the levels of the properties of pellets which are considered acceptable and desirable in modern practice. M UCH has been written regarding the important changes which have been taking place recently in the iron ore industry. As the demand for ore has increased and the supply of direct-shipping ore has dwindled, tl1e problems associated with the utilization of lower grade ores ha\•e been intensely investigated and important advances in both beneficiation and agglomeration techniques have taken place. In particular, there has been a great deal of activity in connection with the pelletizing method of agglomeration. The superiority of pellets over raw ore has been demonstrated in blast furnace tests

Jan 1, 1962

By H. A. Steane

THIS BRIEF PAPER presents the information available on the use of Dorrclon?is in the middling re-grind unit at the lead-zinc mill of Canadian Exploration Limited. The plant throughput is 1,650 tons per twenty-four hours. The flotation feed is ground to 60 per ?Cent passing through 200 mesh. It contains some composite 11articles of sphalerite in calcite, and these reported either in the final zinc concentrate, thus lowering the grade, or in the tailing, with loss of zinc. The re-grind unit was set up in the zinc flotation circuit to liberate the sphalerite from these middling particles, to raise the grade of concentrate and improve recovery. Grinding through 325 mesh should give substantial liberation of locked sphalerite. The middling regrind unit consists of two Dorrdones and one ballmill arranged as shown in the -accompanying flow-sheet. The Hardinge ball-mill, size 7 ft. x 36 in., was free for this use as a result of recent plant expansion. The two Dorrclones were purchased, and the necessary pumps and pipe lines were installed to complete the regrind unit. The unit has been developed over a period of two years by several steps and various flow schemes until reaching tl1e present flow scheme. These steps are not elaborated here, because the changes were made to determine the best product to work on for flotation metallurgy, and not because of the Domrolone classifying ability.

Jan 1, 1956

By John D. Godfrey

Precambrian Shield rocks, exposed in the extreme northeast corner of Alberta, provide the only possibility for a granitic building stone development in the province. Among a wide variety of granitoid rocks in the Shield, the Chipewyan Red Granite is one of the most favourable prospects. Geological mapping and exploration has revealed two prospective sites within a major pluton situated close to navigable water. Cleaned outcrop surfaces show clearly the pattern of joints and lithologic variations within the granite at prospective quarry sites. Other features include: basic dykes, quartz veins, and sheeting fracture zanes. Systematic orthogonally arranged fracture sets and the sheeting zanes are auributed to a tectonic origin. onsystematic irregular fractures are related to surface and nearsurface processes, such as decompression through unloading .

Jan 1, 1984

By A. D. Yell

"Recovery of water is always a major factor in the Beneficiation process. As Preparation Plants become larger the recovery of water for reuse, is a critical cost consideration. Tema Isenmann Inc in conjunction with our sister Company Multotec Manufacturing, has over the years, developed numerous different Screen Panels, Sieve Bends and Static Screens for dewatering. This paper will focus on a new innovation, the TeePee™ Panel which has double the open area of conventional Screen Panels. This results in efficient dewatering (reduced filter cake moistures) which allows for the use of smaller Vibrating Screens or increased capacity on existing Vibrating Screens. A major factor in the efficiency of any Screen Panel, including TeePee™ Panels, is the performance of the Vibrating Screen. If the Vibrating Screen does not have the required gravitational force or screen area to drain it will not dewater efficiently. Therefore a holistic approach has to be taken where the Vibrating Screen needs to operate at an optimal level, in conjunction with the correct Screen Panels, to achieve efficient dewatering. Key performance areas for Vibrating Screens are therefore detailed in this paper with an emphasis on important dewatering criteria. Case studies of different dewatering applications are included, where the use of TeePee™ Panels, has shown a marked improvement over conventional flat Screen Panels in reduction of filter cake moisture content.INTRODUCTION Dewatering can be done in a number of different ways and is largely dependent on the ore type, the particle size distribution and to what extent one needs to dewater will determine the method used. There are a number of different dewatering methods that can be used for particles above 200 micron, including Screen Bowl Centrifuges, Filter Presses, Static Screens, Static Sieve Bends and Vibrating Screens. This paper will focus primarily on Vibrating Dewatering Screens showing improved drainage and a reduction in the filter cake moisture content. KEY PERFORMANCE CRITERIAL FOR VIBRATING DEWATERING SCREENS For clarification the critical key performance criteria for Vibrating Dewatering Screens are set out in this paper. Dewatering Screens Vibrating Dewatering Screens are normally linear motion, either horizontal or inclined at 5 to 7° upwards with a vertical or back sloped plate at 45° to the rest of the screen deck. The back plate will often have screen panels in them to increase the dewatering capability, as shown in Figure 2 below."

Jan 1, 2017