Search Documents

By Stewart A. Ferguson

Location.-The property consists of eight claims (P-12339 to 12343, 12403 to 12405) in Robb township, adjoining Jamieson township on the west. A mocor road extends twenty-two miles northwest from Timmins to the mine. Acknowledgments.- The field work was done in 1940 and 1943, while the writer was employed by the Ontario Department of Mines. The Metals Reserve Company has made available information regarding the property through Messrs. W. R, Dunbar, of Hollinger Consolidated Gold Mines, and W. C. Ringsleben, of the Metals Control Board, Department of Munitions and Supply.

Jan 1, 1945

By John R. Morgan, Peter Graham

"Onakawana Development Ltd. and Mana/ta Coal Ltd. have completed feasibility studies on a large lignite deposit located in the James Bay lowlands of northeastern Ontario. The mining plan described in this paper would supply coal for approximately a 33-year period with peak production in the early years of approximately 6.5 million tonnes per year then declining to 1.2 million tonnes in year 33. This paper describes the geology, resources, lignite quality, mine planning and related topics. LocationThe Onakawana lignite deposit is located in northeastern Ontario in the James Bay lowlands (Fig. l). The Ontario Northland Railway crosses the property and links it to Moosonee, JOO km further north, and Cochrane 180 km south. The area is crossed by latitude 50° 37', the approximate latitude of Calgary. Toronto lies 800 km south of the study area. History of Development The deposit has been known since the late 1600s when early English settlers extracted limited amounts of lignite for use at Moose Factory. The deposit has undergone sporadic periods of exploration activity in the late 1920s and early 1930s when the Ontario government drilled 116 holes, sunk two exploration shafts and published several technical and economic studies. Interest in the property was reactivated from 1939 to 1945 when the Timiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Ltd. drilled 182 additional closely spaced holes, excavated a test pit adjacent to the rail line and installed a boiler for testing purposes. In 1965, Alberta Coal Ltd., the predecessor of Manalta Coal Ltd., first became involved. Since then a further 182 holes have been drilled and coied, and the existing test pit reopened for sampling. In 1980, various reassessment studies were launched, including geology, mine engineering, conceptual design and environmental assessment studies. The following discussions have been drawn extensively from these reports."

Jan 1, 1985

By J. Bardinas

"The use of autogenous mills has become widespread, owing to their capacity and favorable capital and operating costs. Optimal operation of these systems is critical, given their high energy consumption and effect on downstream processing. A considerable effort has been spent over the years in the development of advanced control systems to achieve a better performance in this regard. However, despite significant advances, the problem still remains challenging, owing to the nonlinear behaviour of the system with respect to the mill variables, and, the unmeasured ore variability come from the mine.The mill load, in particular, can be seen as a state variable of the mill, which could be important for; modelling and control, and, important insights into the mill behaviour. In this investigation, time series cluster analysis was performed using online mill load measurements in order to identify the different control states of the mill. More specifically, this time series was divided into short non-overlapping segments. A distance matrix was set up for each segment and the information was captured by means of textural features, similar to that used in multivariate image analysis. These wavelet and grey level cooccurrence matrix features could subsequently be used to rapidly identify the normal operating conditions from the feed disturbances in the mill.In principle, the methods and models presented here, once suitably validated and calibrated, could be used in online process monitoring of autogenous mills. They also could serve as a foundation for developing more advanced process control models."

Jan 1, 2016

By H. Somekawa

The fracture toughness and deformation structures an AZ31 magnesium alloy processed by equal-channel-angular extrusion (ECAE) were investigated. The average grain sizes of as-ECAE and annealed-ECAE alloys were 4.0 and 16.3 µm, respectively. The plane-strain fracture toughness, Kip, in as-ECAE and annealed-ECAE were estimated to be 27.3 and 23.5 MPam1/2, respectively, by stretched zone analysis. The fracture toughness indicated higher value with grain refinement. From optical microstructural observations in samples after fracture toughness tests, although deformation twins were observed in annealed-ECAE, no deformation twins were observed in as-ECAE. From TEM observations, the dislocations on basal and non-basal planes were activated in as-ECAE. With grain refinement, the activations of dislocations on both basal and non-basal planes were possibly related to the reduction in formation of deformation twins in as-ECAE. In addition, in comparison with direct extruded process, ECAE process was more effective method to improve the fracture toughness in magnesium alloys.

Jan 1, 2006

By László Guczi1

Nanosize model gold particles with varying size were fabricated by deposition of a 10 nm thick gold film onto SiO2/Si(100) substrate by electron beam evaporation followed by modification using low energy Ar+ ion bombardment. The change in particle size were monitored by the Au 5d valence band states determined by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). The gold/iron oxide interface was studied by iron oxide deposition on gold. It was found that the energy profile of Au 5d valence band states are strongly redistributed with decreasing the gold particle size mostly affecting at the lowest and at the highest binding energies. The size effect in the UPS spectra can be interpreted by the energy redistribution rather, than by narrowing the 5d states. The iron oxide deposition increases the catalytic activity in CO oxidation whether it is on gold nanoparticles or on a continuous 80 nm thick gold film. The activity enhancement is significantly larger in case of gold nanoparticles. The interface interaction is operative in enlargement of the catalytic activity even if gold particles are not exposed to the surface, but they are located below the iron oxide layer.

Oct 1, 2003

By Mohamed Hamoud

Relative permeability curves represent an important element of special core analyses, but challenges remain in obtaining valid results and the extrapolation and use of existing permeability results is problematic. This situation is compounded in cases where core properties are altered from changes in effective stress. During the production of oil and gas reservoirs, the effective stress changes as a result of changes in pore pressure or temperature. Therefore, changes in rock properties such as porosity and permeability will occur and will consequently influence reservoir performance calculations. An experimental program was carried out to understand the behavior of dense, reconstituted sand samples at low effective stress states. Drained triaxial compression tests were set up to study the effect of stress alteration on relative permeability data through porous media. Initially, a saturation stage was performed followed by isotropic loading to bring the core sample to reservoir fluid and stress conditions. Then, while axial (deviatoric stress) loading was applied to the sample, a series of absolute and relative permeability tests was performed under steady state flow at different levels of strain during pre and post peak shearing stress. The stress-strain behavior results from the study revealed that the absolute permeability decreased during isotropic loading (compaction) and increased during shearing (dilation). However, the shape of relative permeability curve changed from contraction to dilation and showed higher initial kro and the lower initial kro respectively. The goal of this project was to understand the behavior of both absolute and relative permeability at different stresses. It is expected that geomechanical processes will be adopted for special core analyses to support the current integration of geomechanics into reservoir engineering. This will be required if, during SAGD, conventional and/or unconventional reservoir simulation, reservoir engineers implement a proper set of relative permeability data at each in situ state of stress, instead of constant curves throughout the field?s life.

Jun 1, 2012

By J. N. Cram

"The comments given are to help allay generally accepted ideas that the handling of arsenic as arsenic-trioxide (As2o3J in and from off gas pyrometallurgical operation fumes is difficult, hazardous and expensive. It need not be any of these things if the basic and rather unique chemic3l and physical properties are understood and taken care and advantage of through present day technologies. These particular characteristics are:-(1) As2o3 sublimes and re-condenses, at a relatively low temperature;(2) As2o3 is, for practical in-plant purposes, insoluble in water at ambient temperatures and quite soluble in water just below the boiling point;(3) residual suspended and dissolved As 2o3 can be removed from water by complete dissolution with very little sulfuric acid, followed by the addition of small amounts of ferrous sulfate and calcium chlorate, with oxidation to the ferric and arsenite state and precipitation of an insoluble ferric calcium arsenate, thereby lowering the As2o3 content of solutions to acceptable levels. Even lower levels of non-toxic forms of arsenic solids and residual As2o3 in the water solutions can be attained by also using phosphate, and lime, along with the above.A background re past arsenic processing methods, present day operations, plus predictions re future trends, and hazards, are outlined."

Jan 1, 1979

By Christopher Riley

A relatively unexplored lead zinc deposit lies about 12 miles northwest of Revelstoke, B.C., in the highly metamorphosed Monashee Group of rocks of the Shuswap Terrane, Precambrian in age. Host rocks are of sedimentary origin and consist of gneisses, schists, marbles and quartzites with intermediary types. The marbles and quartzites provide good horizon markers. Using these it is possible to interpret the controlling structure which is a syncline overturned to the north, dipping south at about 45°, and plunging east at about 12°. The syncline is truncated at about halfway of its length on a peak on the west side of which a partial cross section together with superimposed minor folds may be seen. The quartzites and the two marble beds may be traced over much of the structure. There are two lodes, above the marble and below the quartzite, which converge eastward and which are the exposed edges of the same host bed -an impure limestone.

Jan 1, 1961

By A. Singh

Two alloys Mg96.9Zn2.7Ho0.4 and Mg93Zn6Ho have been processed by direct extrusion at 300°C and 200/230°C to produce various microstructures containing icosahedral quasicrystalline phase with different grain sizes. The alloys were mechanically tested in tension and compression. The mechanical properties were related to the grain size and microstructures studied by transmission electron microscopy. The extruded alloys showed a mixture of nano-sized icosahedral and monoclinic Mg4Zn7 phase, as well as icosahedral phase particles a few hundred nanometers in size distributed in the matrix. Coarse icosahedral phase particles several micron in size also remained after extrusion. The alloys Mg96.9Zn2.7Ho0.4 and Mg93Zn6Ho extruded at the same temperature of 300°C produced very different grain sizes of 15 and 3 µm, respectively. The alloy Mg96.9Zn2.7Ho0.4 extruded at 200°C and Mg93Zn6Ho extruded at 230°C produced grain sizes of 0.7 µm and 1.5 µm, respectively. Both the alloys showed yield stresses of about 300 MPa in both tension and compression with elongations of about 18%. Hall-Petch parameters are calculated for the alloys.

Jan 1, 2006

By Y. Sugiyama, K. Kitazono, T. Miura, K. Matsuo

"Impact energy absorbing system for automotive is an important technology. Open-cell porous aluminum alloys were manufactured through Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) process. Compressive properties of the porous aluminum alloy depend on the cell structure as well as the porosity. The authors manufactured two ordered cell structures, truncated octahedron and rhombic dodecahedron, and one disordered cell structure, random Voronoi structure using a 3D-CAD software. Compression tests revealed the anisotropic deformation of the porous aluminum alloy with ordered cell structure. On the other hand, the porous aluminum alloy with disordered cell structure showed relatively isotropic and uniform deformation, which is suitable for energy absorbing applications. Therefore, controlling the disordered cell structure designed by Voronoi diagram enables to develop the advanced porous aluminum alloy having various mechanical properties.INTRODUCTIONAdditive manufacturing (AM) process enables to manufacture near net-shape mechanical parts. The AM technology is typically focused on titanium alloys due to their high specific strength and biocompatibility (Attar, 2014). Recently, aluminum alloy parts can be manufactured through selective laser melting method (Leary, 2016). Metal foams or porous metals are lightweight cellular materials having closed-or open-cell structures (Banhart, 2001). Aluminum foams are focused on as an energy absorbing material for transport industries (Baumeister, 1997). The purpose of the present study is to investigate the optimal cell structure of open-cell porous aluminum alloy manufactured through AM process. Most previous researches on the AM aluminum lattice structure has been considered ordered and periodic cell structures. On the other hand, classical aluminum foams manufactured through cast or powder metallurgical processes have disordered and heterogeneous cell structures (Körner, 2000). The authors use a concept of Voronoi diagram (Moukarzel, 1993) in order to manufacture various cell structures."

Jan 1, 2018

By J. M. Cormie

"The orebodies of the East Malarcic mine are interesting from a geological standpoint because of the very small amount of vein quartz, the occurrence of much of the ore in soft greenstone schist, the presence of innumerable bodies of porphyry and diorite, and their obvious relationship to structural features .The property lies in the northeast part of Fourniere township in western Quebec, and within the important fault zone that geological mapping in recent years has shown is traceable wesrward through the Noranda and Kirkland Lake camps and eastward to beyond the Val d'Or region . The claims included in the property were staked by J.P. Norrie and L. K. Coffin in 1932, but gold was not discovered until i934. Production began late in 1938. The total amount of ore milled up to the end of 1945 was 2,837,091 tons from which gold having the value of $16,631,758 was recovered.The region is underlain by an alternating series of Early Precambrian sediments and volcanics cut by innumerable intrusives. These are more fully described in the works of Gunning, Ambrose, and Norman. The East Malanie property is underlain by three formations, which, named from north· to south, are : the Cadillac sediments, the Blake River volcanics, and the Kewagama sediments. In addition, there are countless intrusions of porphyry and diorite, particularly in the greenstone, occurring in all sizes up to those measurable in hundreds and even thousands of feet . These constitute a large proportion of the greenstone in places. In many parts of the ore zone there is more porphyry and diorite than schist. The greenstone itself is not homogeneous but includes peridotite, andesitic lava, and soft talcose schist.Orebodies have been found in both the Blake River volcanics and the Kewagama sediments. They are not known to occur in the Cadillac group. The ore occurs in a zone of pyrite mineralization in which almost no other metallic minerals and very little vein quartz are present. Generally, the grade varies directly with the amount of pyrite. The mineralization is later than all the rocks of the area. Diorite was a particularly favourable rock for mineralization and contains the highest grade of ore, but any rock in the fault zone may be ore-bearing, whereas the same type away from the zone is not."

Jan 1, 1954

By Robert Lamarre

We will present the summary of a number of case studies whereby mining organizations have succeeded in maximizing equipment uptime by reducing the number of maintenance parts stock outs by more than 80% while scaling down total inventory maintenance parts by more than 20%. We will present a thorough comprehensive methodology to improve business processes in order to optimize inventory management and forecasting. We will examine: ? Demand management optimization ? Forecasting organization ? Inventory management parameters optimization ? Improved replenishment processes ? Inventory optimization and the right KPIs and exception reports We will provide cases in point such as Areva in Africa, Cambior (IAMGOLD) in South America, Osisko Mining Corporation, Barrick Gold/Bousquet Mine and Aurizon Mines Ltd./Casa Berardi in North America. We will discuss how Inventory Management World Best Practices operates in a maintenance environment. We will present how an integrated approach, coupled with a strong Enterprise Asset Management or CMMS system with an Inventory Optimization system specially designed to manage spare parts, actually promises and delivers results.

Nov 1, 2011

By A. A. Sizikov, V. A. Sizikova

Key parameters to consider for any producer: bring down production cost and lead time; Lean production as a tool to achieve maximum efficiency; How to implement lean principles: discontinuous vs. continuous production (aluminum industry); About RUSAL: global top-three aluminum producer; Lean tools at use at RUSAL's production facilities; Pull system, Standardization of work, Just in time, Continuous improvement, Customer-Supplier relations, etc.

Jan 1, 2006

By A. G. Matyas, B. Wasmund, R. C. Francki, K. M. Donaldson

"The construction of large. high-power electric furnaces has been an important factor in the growth of electric smelting technology . New developments in the design and operation of electric furnaces have been spurred by the escalating cost of electric power and increasingly stringent environmental constraints. Key areasofprogress include the application of high voltage to enhance furnace productivity; the installation of novel furnace cooling elements and robust binding systems to extend furnace life; development of process schemes to reduce power consumption by preheating and prereduction of the charge; and environmental control improvements for handling fine dusty feedstocks, and for furnace sealing.This paper reviews these developments and outlines a systematic approach for their application in the custom design of new or retrofit electric furnace facilities.IntroductionThe use of electric smelting furnaces has continued to progress during the last decade. Electric furnaces offer high throughput capacity and productivity. In addition, they produce minimum environmental impact, as the furnaces can be readily sealed, and only a small quantity of off-gas is generated. Electric furnaces present the most favourable choice of smelting technology where high process temperatures in excess of about l400°C are required.Their application is burdened by the escalating cost of electric power, hence it is important to seek new opportunities through further technological development. This paper reviews recent developments in the design and operation of high-power electric smelting furnaces, in the following areas:"

Jan 1, 1993

By Daniel Cluff

Frozen backfill for mining operations in permafrost must be delivered in such a state so as not to thermally impose on the host rock surrounding the filled stope. The placement process, the material strength demand, and the freezing time delay are the parameters that control the applicability of the method. A two-year research program was carried out in the field and using a laboratory-scale apparatus, designed to simulate a pour of frozen backfill, to study the mixing, thermal properties and segregation. The frozen rock and tailings must be at a below zero temperature and get fully wetted so the surfaces cause adherence of the particles to one another and enhance the solidification of the poured backfill. The results provided a recipe and a process for mix design for open stoping operations in cold regions. The testing evaluated the sensitivity of the test parameters that included the amount of water added in the mix, the temperare of water, the rockfill/tailings ratio, and the temperature of solid constituents.The paper presents the result of this environmentally friendly, innovative technology. The distribution of the materials and the mixing process are instrumental in achieving the properties required for open stoping applications.

Oct 1, 2010

By C. E. McCoy

This paper will discuss briefly loader shovel requirements and then present a detailed survey of electrical drive systems to meet these requirements. The survey in general will deal with the various electrical provisions for shovel drives, along with the advantages and disadvantages, and in particular will discuss the MG set and static D. C. drive systems. Also included will be some insight into the requirements for optimum electrical power at the shovels.

Jan 1, 1979

By David L. Sprott

This paper presents an evaluation of underground-to-surface haulage options for a relatively large deposit. Specifically, it presents a recommended haulage option to provide the greatest value to the Project. Options considered included conventional truck, trolley-truck, conveying and shaft hoisting. The work was done at the level of a preliminary assessment as input to an internal pre-feasibility study. The Base Case for the analysis in this study was a Long Hole Open Stoping option (LHOS) using conventional truck haulage. Two scenarios were considered for the evaluation and included: 1. The current resource to ~700 m depth. 2. An expanded resource to ~825 m depth. The haulage options evaluated included three trucking options, three conveyor options and two shaft options. The paper presents the results from evaluating these options within the two mining scenarios using a Discounted Project Cost (DPC) comparison. Recommendations are made for the options that will provide the greatest overall value to the project.

May 1, 2008

By J. W. Smith, J. G. Eacott, D. H. Napier

"Three hydrometallurgicat processes (Noranda chloride leach, B. C. Research biological leach and Sherritt-Cominco activated oxygen leach) and the Noranda pyrometallurgical process have served as the basis for design projects in the final year of the chemical engineering program at the University of Toronto. Each member of a team of five or six students devotes about 200 hours to the project and the final report is expected to include an economic analysis.None of the processes has been developed to full- scale plant, nor, in the case of the B.C. Research and Noranda processes, were pilot plant data available. Nevertheless, the designs developed provide a useful basis for a preliminary estimate of capital and operating costs and for a preliminary assessment of project feasibility.This paper discusses the approach used in the design projects with respect to engineering and economic aspects, and outlines the educational features and benefits of such a program as well as some of the problem areas that arise.IntroductionAs part of the undergraduate degree course in chemical engineering at the University of Toronto, students devote some 200 hours to a design project in their final year. Hydrometallurgical processes, not yet proven at the commercial scale, have been selected for study. The students are required to develop laboratory and / or pilot scale results into a conceptual plant design, using sound engineering principles. Capital and operating costs are then determined and a preliminary feasibility study and economic analysis are carried out."

Jan 1, 1986

? Élaboration de la Directive 019 (1982) ? Objectifs: ? Protection de l ?environnement ? Procédure administrative pour analyse et évaluation environnementale ? Officialisée en 1989 ? pas eu de modifications depuis ce temps Contenu de la Directive 019 ? Requête d ?autorisation ? Gestion des eaux ? Traitement des effluents ? Gestion des déchets et des résidus miniers ? Suivi environnemental Directive 019 Exigences environnementales ? Effluents miniers ? As, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, CN, MES, pH, toxicité aiguë ? Suivi environnemental annuel ? Effluent ? Réseau hydrographique ? Restauration

May 1, 2001

By C. Graham

Mechanisation has been a predominant theme of the past 50 years in the mining industry, particularly underground mining. As the level of technology employed has increased, the anticipated productivity gains have not been realised and the differences are not explained by the demand for higher standards of safety and security. Now, mining costs are so high and productivity so low that the resultant return on investment for many Canadian operations has fallen to levels considered unacceptable in a competitive capital market. Simply continuing technological development cannot reverse this trend and its financial implications. The focus on technological development has distracted us from some basic truths. Systems that are more complex are more likely to fail and cost-effective processes depend on the continuity of productive activity and the flow of material. When putting these facts together, it becomes clear that in a system that has fixed external conditions, the single most crucial issue is the effective management of the operational cycle. By its nature, technology focuses our attention on what gets done and how it gets done, while the crucial issue is the increasingly longer periods in the operational cycle when nothing productive is being done. What is required is to match the level of technological complexity to the fixed system conditions, which are virtually unchangeable. This paper looks at the overall system and objectives and attempts to present an appropriate level of technology for the Canadian mining industry, now and in the foreseeable future.

May 1, 2004