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By R. P. King, L. C. Woollacott

To date developments in the simulation of carbon-in-pulp (CIP) adsorption circuits have focused primarily on the modeling of adsorption. This series of three papers describes a development in a direction that has received less attention, i.e. the need for a detailed description of the movement of carbon and slurry in continuous CIP and carbon-in-leach (CIL) plants. A new simulator has been developed based on the population-balance approach for modeling the movement of carbon and slurry. Existing adsorption and leaching models are evaluated in this paper in order to establish which are appropriate for use in the new simulator. The details of the simulator are given in Part 2 of this series.

Jan 1, 1990

By M. R. Khalesi, S. Arfania

"Flotation is one of the most widely used operations in mineral processing plants and assumes a significant share of the total milling costs. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new set of capital and operating cost models for major flotation machines based on the application of single (SRA) and multiple regression analysis (MRA). Thirty-seven major flotation machines were analysed for this purpose. Depending on the machinery type, different technical variables such as diameter, required air flow rate, required floor space, cell volume, required air pressure, and power were considered as predictor variables, individually (in SRA) or simultaneously (in MRA). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in MRA due to the high correlation between predictive variables. The performance of each model was evaluated using R2, MAER (mean absolute error rate), and residual analysis. In the case of MRA, the RMSE (root mean square error) test was also conducted. Maximum obtained MAER of 13.5% and minimum R2 of 0.86 indicated that these models could be applied as credible tools in estimation of capital and operating costs of flotation machines for design and feasibility studies.IntroductionMineral processing is a vital part of mining projects and mainly involves comminution, sizing, concentration, extractive metallurgical processes, and dewatering. Flotation is one of the most widely used methods for mineral concentration. Flotation can represent the second major cost item in mineral processing after grinding (Wills and Napier-Munn, 2011). Accordingly, it is a main concern of mining project managers to select and optimize flotation circuits in order to decrease costs and increase productivity. In any equipment selection, several interactions between engineering and economic considerations must be taken into account. Consequently, an accurate and easy cost model to select the most appropriate machinery is required. Moreover, cost models could be used in flow sheet simulations applied in design and optimization. Models of unit operations built into the simulators could be improved by linking the equipment cost models (Khalesi et al., 2015)."

Jan 1, 2017

Professor Miklos Salamon, Research Adviser to the Chamber of Mines of South Africa, has won the Rock Mechanics Award for 1983 of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers 'for applications of analysis to many varied practical mine design problems’. Mintek reports Report M119 A versatile computer programme for data capture in multi-element analysis by a sequential X-ray spectrometer. Report M120 South African costs of equipment for the metallurgical industry (1983). Report M125 Commissioning of an automated microphotometer used in spark-source mass spectrometry.

Jan 1, 1984

By Arvi Parbo

I would like to use the occasion to reflect on how the world environment for the minerals industry is undergoing substantial change, and how this change may affect the industry. I have given my talk the title 'The Quest For Competitive Edge', because the net effect of the changes taking place is that competition is increasing. To set the scene, let us look back at the situation which has existed in our industry in the past.

Jan 1, 1993

By G. T. van Rooyen

Materials for Winding Plant Components By Prof. G. T. van Rooyen (ScD) (MIT). Materials for critical applications such as winding plant components are reviewed in terms of the basic requirements which have to be complied with. It is shown that tensile testing alone is not sufficient and that impact testing also is necessary if the incidence of brittle fracture is to be avoided. As a criterion it is suggested that the brittle transition temperature (B.T.T.) determined by impact testing should in all cases be well below the lowest anticipated service temperature. A number of steels were evaluated by impact testing and it is shown that a small ferrite grain size, obtained either by chemical means such as by the use of appropriate alloying elements in the steel or by means of a quenching heat treatment, is effective in attaining a Iow B.T.T. The speed of strain aging as well as the influence of strain aging on the B.T.T. was also evaluated. On the basis of the results obtained it is recommended that steels for critical applications must conform to an appropriate grade and class of steel according to BS 4360 specification. It is further recommended that such steels be exempted from the customary six-monthly heat treatment prescribed by the Mines and Work Act, Regulation 16,18.

A 36-year-old A-S-H pump, manufactured to designs dating back to 1936, was recently presented to the Gold Mine Museum by Envirotech. The pump, a B-frame three-piece rubber-lined Hydroseal unit, was supplied by Envirotech's predecessor company, Denver Machinery, and was installed by South Roodepoort Main Reef Areas Limited on 22nd March, 1948. Metals, materials, manufacturing The 37th Annual Conference of the Australasian Institute of Metals will be held in Ballarat (Australia) from 13th to 17th May, 1985. 1985is the Sesquicentennial year of Victoria, and for the first time the historic City of Ballarat has been chosen as the venue for an Australasian Institute of Metals congress. Steel rolling Conferences on steel rolling, sponsored by The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan (ISH), and supported by iron and steel institutes in many countries of the world, have been held since 1980. The first conference was held in Tokyo in 1980, sponsored by The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan.

Jan 1, 1984

VERSLAG- REPORT No. 1365 STUDIES OF INCIPIENT FUSION IN THE SYSTEM CHROMITE- MgO- Al2O3-SiO2-C 5th January, 1972 Investigator: N. A. Barcza SYNOPSIS A fundamental study was made of twelve chromite ores by use of a thermobalance under atmospheric and reducing conditions. It was found that their thermal behaviour under atmospheric conditions can be related to the mineralogical composition of the chromite spinel and the gangue. The overall mechanism of reduction with solid carbon over the temperature range of 1 200 to 1 500°C was shown to be diffusion of carbon through the reaction product. The effects of additions of fluxes and variations in particle size on the kinetics and mechanism of reduction were determined. It was shown that carbon monoxide does not reduce chromite ore up to temperatures of 1 550 °C, and it can therefore be eliminated as the diffusing reducing species. However, the reaction product of reduction, namely a mixed carbide of iron and chromium, was shown to be an effective reducing agent for chromitc ore, while also facilitating the transport of carbon. VERSLAG - REPORT No. 1380 AN ELECTROCHEMICAL MODEL FOR THE LEACHING OF URANIUM DIOXIDE 10th January, 1972 Investigators: C. R. S. Needes, M. J. Nicol SYNOPSIS A correlation between the rate of leaching of UO2 and the electrochemical properties of the oxidant concerned has been derived. This correlation is found to be borne out by experimental results. Certain effects observed in UO2 leaching and hitherto unexplained have been clarified in terms of an electrochemical mechanism. Experiments have shown that the mixed potential of a UO2 electrode gives a measure of the rate of dissolution of UO2. Its significance to commercial practice is discussed. CONCLUSIONS (I) The dissolution of UO2 in the presence of a number of oxidants can be explained in terms of an electrochemical mechanism. (2) The mixed potential of the UO2 electrode is a measure of the rate of UO2 leaching. This principle could be used in the control of industrial leaching operations. (3) A simple treatment has provided a mathematical basis for a fundamental correlation between the rate of U02 dissolution and the chemical properties of the oxidants concerned. This relation has been found to agree well with experimental results. (4) A number of phenomena occurring during the leaching of UO2, hitherto not explained in a satisfactory manner, have now been clarified in terms of an electrochemical mechanism.

By P. G. Van Der Walt

This paper deals with the reticulation of deslimed tailings from surface to the stope face underground. Reference is made to the experience gained at the pilot plants operating on four of the gold mines administered by Gold Fields of South Africa, as well as at the full-scale system at East Driefontein which was commissioned recently. Mine-wide backfill systems are currently being installed on five other mines administered by Gold Fields. These six full-scale systems are capable of handling more than 270 000 tons of backfill solids per month. The type of reticulation system chosen, the selection of flowrates and the composition of the slurry, as well as the selection of the appropriate pipes and ancillary equipment are discussed. Both theoretical and practical aspects are taken into consideration. Other aspects covered include the design of underground storage dams and communication systems.

Jan 1, 1988

By J. E. Quintanilha de Menezes, L. Ribeiro e Sousa, I. Ferreira

The Paradela dam has a spillway that makes it possible to discharge a maximum flow of 400 m3/s, the water discharges being on the river Sela, about 2km upstream the river Cávado. After the first use of the spillway, some landslides have occurred on the right bank of the river Sela as a result of the erosion generated on its base about one hundred meters near some houses of a small village. This paper presents a study performed for the slope stability where finite element results are taken into account. A monitoring program was established that essentially consisted of measuring sub-horizontal displacements in points located in boreholes at different depths and also phreatic levels. Some monitoring results are presented. Le barrage de Paradela a une décharge d’eau avec un débit maximal de 400 m3/s sur le fleuve Sela dans un endroit situé environ 2km sur l'amont du fleuve Cávado. Après la première utilisation de cette décharge, quelques glissements se sont vérifiés sur le versant droit du fleuve Sela résultant de l’érosion générée sur sa base dans une zone à 100 mètres de quelques maisons d’un petit village. Ce travail présente une étude réalisée concernant la stabilité du versant avec la considération des résultats des éléments finis. Un programme d’auscultation a été mis en place pour mesurer les déplacements sub-horizontales sur des points situés en forages à des différentes profondeurs. Quelques résultats de cette monitorization sont présentés. Der Ueberlauf des Padela Dammes ermoeglicht das Ablassen einer max. Wassermenge on 400 m3/s in den Sela Fluss, ca. 2 km flussaufwaerts des Cávado Flusses. Nach Inbetriebnahme des Ueberlaufes traten in ca. hundert Meter Entfernung zur Wohnbebauung eine Dorfes Erdrutschungen am rechten Ufer des Sela Flusses auf, die auf Erosionen am Flussbett zurückzuführen waren. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Boeschungsstabilitaet unter Beruecksichtigung von Berechnungsergebnissen der Finiten Element Methode untersucht. Es wurde ein essprogramm ausgearbeiten, das im Wesentlichen auf Messungen der Untergrundverformungen in verschiedenen Bohrlochteufen sowie auf Grundwassermessungen beruht. Im Folgenden sind einige Messergebnisse dargestellt.

Jan 1, 2003

By P. Horrell, K. Rhodes, G. Harrison, J. Dean, D. Sammons, M. Stander

Anglo Platinum have perceived a need to increase the rate of reef development both for new mechanised stoping technology and on conventional new developing mines. The Research and Development Division of Anglo Platinum therefore initiated an experimental reef raise project with a tunnel boring machine (TBM) at Bafokeng Rasimone Platinum Mine (BRPM). The scope of the trial was for the boring of a reef raise 340 metres in length on the Merensky Reef. The boring phase of the trial took place over six months and the average rate of penetration of the TBM was 0,47 metres/hour. TBM utilisation was 22%. The TBM used in the trial was a Jarva MK6 manufactured in 1972 and its design with its backup system was not considered to be an ideal machine for reef development. However it was the intention of the trial to prove the concept of developing with a TBM on reef. In this respect the trial was unequivocally a success. There were many problems and long delays did occur during the boring phase. Nevertheless there is every confidence that a new TBM can be designed specifically for this type of work that will achieve high rates of advance up to (say) 400metres/month and with a more flexible steering system in order to negotiate reef changes. It can therefore be expected that TBMs will be used in the future for reef development on South African platinum mines.

Sep 1, 2001

By H. Xuchun, H. Nailian, L. Guoqing

With the accession to WTO and the establishment of Shanghai Gold Exchange, gold mines in China are facing more severe competition from both home and abroad. Supply Chain Management (SCM), a new management idea gradually accepted all over the world, provides the gold mines in China with a new management mode. In this thesis, under the guidance of SCM theory, based on the analyzing to the actualities of Jiaojia Gold Mine, the Jiaojia supply chain framework is constructed, the function system for Jiaojia SCM is configured, and function modules are described in detail. Keywords: Supply Chain Management, Gold mine, Informatization

Jan 1, 2003

By R. G. Koelmans

In 2001 Platinum overtook gold in foreign revenue earnings for South Africa. The export sales from platinum group metals amounted to R29.3 billion as opposed to gold export sales of R28.6billion1. Organizations must undertake new ventures to replace old, worn-out and obsolete assets with new ones. These assets could be a building, a new product or process, a new mine, or anything that can help the organization to achieve its objective. These ventures are projects by their nature. When a project is pronounced a success, the judgement is usually based on some factual evidence, although not every one uses the same data. From the literature, it is obvious that there is a lack of consensus and objectivity as to what constitutes a successful project. The purpose of this paper is to address the following questions: ?What constitutes a successful project? ? How does one measure project success? ?How can one work toward project success? This paper addresses the requirements for project success of three of the primary stakeholders of a project, namely the business or client, the employees as far as the project team is concerned, and the local community. Indicators are developed into a work breakdown structure (WBS)-like chart to demonstrate success indicators. These indices take cognisance of all the constituents required for project success. The indicators are further developed to take cognisance of the requirements of the local communities. These indices are then weighted to arrive at a total score for the respective stakeholders. Using these WBS models, the success and performance of a project can be evaluated. This score is considered an objective measure of project success. Projects are evaluated more consistently across different projects and the project manager is provided with a management tool that can assist him/her in ensuring greater project success. The shortcoming of this approach is that the weights of the different indices have been estimated at this stage. Research will have to be conducted to more accurately reflect the weights assigned to the indices.

Jan 1, 2004

By S. R. Xie, S. Gong, E. P. Li, S. S. He, Y. J. Sun, S. J. Li

"Based on the complicated geological production conditions and abnormal strata behavior of the fully mechanized caving face No. 102 in the Xinyang Coal Mine, we analyze the breaking and forming process of distinguishing key block structures in close spaced coal seams. This analysis establishes an integrated mechanical model of these distinguishing structures. Furthermore, the horizontal force TAB generated by downward key blocks A and B is quantified, as is the Pressure PG exerted by key block B on caved gangue. Finally, the interaction mechanism is revealed. Analysis of the results using Mathematica reveal the following: 1. Both TAB and PG exhibit approximately inverse relationships to coal pillar width b; 2. TAB exhibits an approximately exponential relationship with mining height M of which the base is greater than 1; 3. PG exhibits an approximately arctangent relationship with mining height M. Combining these results with field observations, we conclude that the area in the vicinity of supports 100#–120# in the upper area of working face No. 102 is the likely zone of abnormal strata behavior. Thus, this area was classified as a key control area. Based on these results, the graded support control technique is proposed. Application of this technique in the field resulted in a reduction in the rate of hydraulic support system malfunction from 47% to 7% in the key control area. In addition, during times of periodic mining pressure, the roof caving height value never exceeded 0.3 m and the maximum spalling depth never exceeded 0.2 m. Overall, the results indicate that this new technique has markedly increased the stability of surrounding support rock material. IntroductionClose-spaced coal seams are widely distributed in China, and mining proceeds from the uppermost to the lowermost seam (Zhang et al., 2008). In the case of coal seams in close proximity, a particular set of risk factors becomes pertinent. These include disturbance of lower seams during the mining of overlying ones and the decrease in mechanical stability of lower coal seams following repeated movement of key blocks in main coal seam roofs. This inevitably results in behaviour such as heavy wall spalling and support damage to fully mechanized caving faces in lower-lying coal seams, which necessitates a significantly increase in the measures to support surrounding rock material (Zhang et al., 2010; Huang et al., 2013; Xie et al., 2013)."

Jan 1, 2016

Council and Standing Committees - 1983/84 President: Prof. R.P. King Vice Presidents: J.D. Austin and H.E. James Honorary Treasurer: Prof. D.G. Krige Immediate Past President: Prof A.N. Brown Members of Council: B.C. Alberts, Prof. S. Budavari, N.J. Devine, Dr C.J. Fauconnier, P.T. Fewell, C. E. Fivaz, J. S. Freer, Prof. G.G. Garrett, J.J. Geldenhuys, Dr A.K. Haines, Dr B.K. Loveday, G. Pienaar, B.E. Protheroe, Dr O.K.H. Steffen, G.C. Thompson, Dr H. Wagner, Dr P.T. Wedepohl Chairman, Witbank/Middelburg Branch: H.C. van Zyl Chairman, Orange Free State/Klerksdorp Branch: D.A. Parfitt Past Presidents Serving on Council: Dr M.G. Atmore, Dr J.P. Hugo, Dr P.R. Jochens, Prof. R.P. Plewman, G.Y. Nisbet, Dr R.E. Robinson, Prof. M.D.G. Salamon, P.W.J. van Rensburg, D.A. Viljoen, P.A. von Wielligh Standing Committee Chairmen: Adjudication, Prof. A.N. Brown; Awards, Prof. A.N. Brown; Banquets, J.S. Freer; Constitution, Rules and Policy, Prof. A.N. Brown; Excur¬sions, J.S. Freer; Journal, H.E. James; Membership, H.E. James; Phoenix National Committee, Dr M.G. Atmore; SAIMM School - Extractive Metallurgy, Dr A. K. Haines; SAIMM School - Mining, Dr H. Wagner; Special Publica¬tions, J.D. Austin; Technical Programme - Extractive Metallurgy, Dr B.K. Loveday; Technical Programme - Mining, G. C. Thompson; Technical Programme -Physical Metallurgy, G. Pienaar; Training, Career Guidance and Education, Dr M.G. Atmore; World Mining Congress - National Committee, Prof. R.P. Plewman; Working Group Physical Metallurgy, Prof. G.G. Garrett

Jan 1, 1984

By P. Wiesner, H. –M. Stonner

A brief account is given of the influence of sulphuric acid and chloride ions during the recovery of uranium by solvent extraction, followed by a discussion of the settling behaviour of dispersions and models to represent that behaviour. The paper ends with a description of various methods for the recovery of solvent, which is lost in the solvent-extraction process by entrainment and adsorption on solids and by dissolution.

Jan 1, 1982

By G. R. Sawyer

Although backfilling has been in operation for many years, the methods for selecting appropriate slurry dewatering aids have, in some cases, been rather unsophisticated. This has led to many misconceptions regarding the role of the dewatering aid and its various means of application. Testing procedures employed in the correct selection of any practically applied dewatering aid must mirror the actual working processes in which they are to be used. This constraint necessitates the development of complex testing methods when applied to backfilling. The current testing procedures were scrutinized and their various merits noted. From this study a series of testing methods was evolved which incorporate the best aspects of these testing procedures with novel ideas which would eventually result in the correct selection of the dewatering aid. A major consideration in the application of any of these methods is the modus operandi of the backfilling process, and the relevance of the tests to the process. This work attempts to consolidate the testwork performed in the past and suggest new approaches in the correct selection of acceptable dewatering aids for backfilling.

Jan 1, 1988

By B. Steyn

AngloGold Ashanti?s Obuasi Mine, in Ashanti Province, Ghana, operates a plant utilizing bacterial oxidation technology. The mineralization consists predominately of arsenopyrite with gold associated in the sulphides. The plant was commissioned in 1994, at that time was the largest BIOX® plant in the world, and has been operated by AngloGold Ashanti since 2004. The constraints identified in the plantwere the flotation capacity, BIOX® feed size and disruptions to the BIOX® process. This paper focuses on the practical steps that were followed in order to increase the recovery of the plant. The original plant design was based on a head grade of 10 g/t and an overall recovery of 86.5%. In 2007 the plant was operating at an overall recovery of 79.2% at a head grade of 5.6 g/t and this has improved to 80.6% at a head grade of 5.8 g/t during the last quarter of 2008. Additional improvement to 81.5% are expected by the end of April 2009. Improvements that have been implemented include: ?Replacement of the regrind mill ?Installation of additional float capacity ?Installation of a scavenging circuit ?Installation of a complete water treatment plant. In addition we have focused on the effect of the water circuit on the BIOX® process and the steps involved in correcting this problem. The water circuit was originally designed as an open circuit and through environmental considerations the circuit was closed towards the end of 2007. The bacteria in the BIOX® are particularly sensitive to cyanide and cannot tolerate levels above 0.05ppm (free cyanide), this required extensive modifications to the water circuit. The plant improvement project is ongoing and the current scope of work should be complete by the end of April 2009. Further research and development work is being planned, which includes a ?white rot bacteria? that can consume the preg-robbing carbon and oxidize the sulphide in a single pass.

Jan 1, 2009

By RT White

For a number of years the steel tube and pipe industry has worked on resolving problems of product quality. These have largely been resolved and new products have been developed to take advantage of new developments. To fully coordinate market acceptance guidance on use of galvanized piping was also required. This was largely achieved locally in 2004 with the publication by the SABS of ARP 060 - Guidance on the use and application of hot dip galvanized steel piping for the transportation of potable water in South Africa. Use of this document is not easy however and a need to have a simple computer model to assist the specifier was identified. Working with a major tube and pipe manufacturer this is now being developed and this paper will provide the background to the model?s development and its intended use. There is still a need for a partner Code of Practice on the performance of galvanized piping in buried conditions and the need for this will be highlighted together with current available information.

Jan 1, 2006

Anglo Platinum is in the process of introducing a number of initiatives, varied in nature, on a scale that will impact operations in the short, medium and long-term. The advent of mechanization on a large scale and the introduction of new mining technologies therefore require a different approach to the design of ventilation and cooling systems. In addition, the ventilation and cooling systems serving increasingly deeper operations will place a greater demand on electrical power consumption?this in an environment where power generation is limited and increasingly expensive. Ventilation and cooling systems currently being employed in platinum operations have evolved from practices first pioneered in deep level gold mines. However, in modern and future platinum mines, deepening of operations will take place in a somewhat different environment?particularly in terms of geothermal settings and electrical power utilization. This provides the opportunities to devise novel and energy-efficient ventilation and cooling strategies tailor-made to meet these challenges. The need for refrigeration and cooling at depth will increase the capital and operational cost component of ventilation systems and the medium-term limitations on the availability of electrical power will require the provision of innovative systems. The increased use of diesel-powered vehicles underground, the viability of energy recovery and feasibility of thermal storage opportunities are discussed in this paper. Some of the challenges and the solutions currently proposed in terms of ventilation system design, refrigeration plant selection and chilled water distribution methodologies are described. Changes in strategies core to this discipline that affect the health and safety of employees and the profitability of modern operations are deemed necessary to support the transformations that are envisaged.

Jan 1, 2008

By G. Poropat, A. R. Guest, H. P. Grobler

At the De Beers Consolidates Mines operations it is common practices to perform Geotechnical mapping of the newly exposed faces in the waste and ore rock. The purpose of Geotechnical mapping is to quantify the in-situ fracturing of a rockmass that in turn is required during the planning and application of a mining method. Whether it is to determine slope angles, caveability, impact of blasting or support requirements. This mapping involved a cumbersome and time consuming procedure that requires individual examination and description of the natural inherent fractures exposed by mining. During highwall mapping in an open pit this can be a safety concern due to the duration of time spent below a highwall. The advantages gained through the recent introduction and application of SiroVision® allows safer mapping, an increase in statistical fracture population, archiving of rock faces and the more accurate reflection of the true mapping. This paper aims to describe in detail the application of the recently developed SiroVision®, photogrammetry software, to replace conventional face mapping. A De Beers Consolidated Mines, il est pratique courante de faire une cartographie géotechnique des tailles récemment exposées dans le rocher stérile ou minerai. Le but de la cartographie géotechnique est de quantifier la fracturation in-situ d’une masse rocheuse, qui sera nécessaire lors de la planification et application d’une méthode minière, que ce soit pour déterminer les angles des galeries inclinées, les possibilités de foudroyage, l’impact du dynamitage, ou les besoins en supports. Cette cartographie nécessitait une procédure longue et compliquée qui demande l’examen individuel et la description des fractures naturelles propres exposées par l’opération de mine. Pendant la cartographie de parois dans une exploitation à ciel ouvert, cette opération peut être dangereuse à cause du temps passé sous la paroi. Récemment, le lancement et application de Siro Vision apportent l’avantage d’une cartographie plus sûre, une augmentation des statistiques de population de fracture, l’archivage des tailles de roches, et le reflet plus précis de la cartographie. Le but de l’étude présente est de décrire en détail l’application du développement récent de Siro Vision, logiciel de photogrammétrie, pour remplacer la cartographie de taille conventionnelle. Bei den De Beers Consolidates Mines Operationen ist es gängige Praxis geotechnische Aufzeichungen des Taub- und Erzgesteins neu geöffneter Abbaustellen zu erstellen. Zweck dieser geotechnischen Aufzeichnungen ist die vor-Ort-Quantifizierung des Bruches der Gesteinsmasse, welche im Gegenzug während der Planung und der Anwendung einer Abbaumethode erforderlich ist, sei es um einen Neigungswinkel festzustellen, Abbaubarkeit, Auswirkung von Sprengungen oder Anforderungen an Unterstützungen. Die Aufzeichnungen waren mit umständlichen und zeitaufwendigen Prozeduren verbunden, die eine individuelle Prüfung und Beschreibung der durch den Abbau freigelegten natürlichen inhärenten Brüche, verlangten. Dies kann auf Grund des Zeitraumes der unterhalb einer Flözoberschicht verbringt wird zu einer Frage der Sicherheit werden wenn die Aufzeichnung einer Flözoberschicht im Tagbau erfolgt. Die Vorteile auf Grund der jüngst erfolgten Einführung und Anwendung der SiroVision® gestatten sichereres Aufzeichen, eine Zunahme in der statistischen Menge an Gesteinsbrüchen und eine akkuratere Reflektion der tatsächlichen Aufzeichnungen. Diese Arbeit hat zum Ziel im Detail die Anwendung der kürzlich entwickelten SiroVision®, eine photogrammetrische Software, die die konventionelle Abbauortaufzeichnung ersetzen soll zu beschreiben.

Jan 1, 2003