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By J G. Brady

This paper discusses the ceramic products used in the construction industry in Canada, as well as the main raw materials used in their manufacture. The products include the! following: (1) clay prorlucts -such as facing brick (glazed and unglazed), common brick, facing tile (glazed and un-glazed), terra cotta, load-bearing tile, non-load-bearing tile, structural clay floor tile, quarry tile, drain tile, sew-er pipe, conduits .and flue liners -which are made mainly from domes-tic common clays and shales and from domestic or imported stoneware clays and low-grade fire clays; (2) floor and wall tiles of the whiteware type, which are produced from ingredients such as kaolin, ball clay, feldspar, nepheline syenite, talc, pvro-phyllite and wollastonite; (3) glass products -the major ones being sheet glass, plate glass and mineral wool (glass wool, and rock or slag wool) -which are made from such materials as silica sand, soda ash, salt cake, feldsspar, nepheline syenite, dolomitic limestone, high-calcium limestone. borax and (for rock and slag wool) various rocks or slags;

Jan 1, 1963

By J. E. Gill

Introduction During the past summer, detailed geological mapping was extended to cover the entire group of 31 claims owned by Waite-Ackerman-Montgomery Mines, Ltd., and considerable new information was revealed by development and exploratory work underground. These new facts provide a more complete view of the lithology and structure of the area than has heretofore been available. They also necessitate revision of certain interpretations presented last year by Peale (l), and have served to straighten out some of the problems suggested by Porritt (2). The purpose of this paper is to outline in a broad way the relations as now understood and to discuss in detail certain points which should be of interest to members of the Institute. Maps and records by the mine staff have been freely used in arriving at the interpretation presented in the following pages. The writers are especially indebted to Mr. R. V. Porritt, the mine manager, with whom many of the problems touched upon were discussed on the ground and whose intimate knowledge of the geology of the underground workings aided greatly in testing various hypotheses. The writers have profited greatly, also, from close association with Dr. W. F. James during the course of the work. Permission to publish the included data has very kindly been given .by the management.

Jan 1, 1932

By W. G. Miller, J. D. Scott, D. C. Sego

ABSTRACT An overall study was conducted to evaluate the properties and processes influencing the rate and magnitude of consolidation for oil sands fine tailings produced using different extraction processes. As part of the overall study, a comprehensive description of physical and chemical characteristics of fine tailings generated by caustic and non-caustic processes was carried out. Ultimately, the influence of these fundamental properties on the compressibility, hydraulic conductivity and shear strength properties of the fine tailings was assessed. The characteristics of the fine tailings are presented in terms of index properties, mineralogy, specific surface area, water chemistry, liquid limits, particle size distribution and structure. A difference in water chemistry was concluded to be the cause of substantial differences in particle size distributions and degree of dispersion of the comparable caustic and non-caustic fine tailings. The degree of dispersion was consistent with predictions for dispersed clays established by the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values for these materials. A linear variation of increasing dispersion with increasing SAR up to a SAR value of about 40 has been suggested, above which fine tailings are completely dispersed. The observed dispersed or flocculated structures (viewed using a scanning electron microscope) supported the predictions based on SAR values.

Jan 1, 2010

By Abu Syed H. Kabir, Mehdi Sanjari, Steve Yue, Jing Su, In-ho Jung

AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets were produced by high speed rolling (HSR) at 1000 m/min at a low temperature of 100 ?. A high reduction of 72% can be achieved in single pass. At the reduction of 30%, the microstructure was covered by shear bands and twins. When the reduction was increased to 49%, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) was clearly observed in the vicinity of shear bands and twins and the full recrystallization was seen at a reduction of 72%. In order to study the static recrystallization (SRX) behavior on the heavily twinned structure, annealing was then carried out at 200 ? on the as-rolled specimens at the reduction of 30% for different times. Static recrystallized grains were also firstly observed on shear bands and twins after 45 s and the microstructure was mostly fully recrystallized after 1 h annealing with a few retained large elongated un-recrystallized grains. Texture weakening was found during annealing on the heavily twinned specimens by SRX, but not during high speed rolling by DRX. In the present study, effect of DRX and SRX on microstructure and texture evolutions during rolling and annealing were compared.

Jan 1, 2015

By Charles Camsell

At the Annual General Meeting of the Institute in 1924. I endeavoured to present the position held by the mineral industries in the commercial life of this country. The facts and figures were presented at that time in a detached way. Since then, however, I have made some attempt to analyze them in order to determine the causes for that position and to draw some conclusions as to the future of the mining industry. As everyone knows, our trade figures are very often used in political discussion, especially in discussion of tariff policy. It would be entirely out of order for me to say anything touching the tariff issue and I want to have it clearly understood that, in my opinion, the material I am about to present contains not a single statement or conclusion which anyone would be warranted in using as an argument for either a lower or a higher tariff or for tariff changes of any kind. As a starting point, let me re-state, very sketchily, Canada's general situation in external trade. In the last calendar year, 1924, we sold Canadian merchandise of all kinds to other countries to the value of $1,045,000,000 in round figures. Our purchases abroad reached about $893,000,000. Thus our sales exceeded our purchases by roughly $152,000,000. In other words, we had what is known as a 'favourable balance of trade' - one of the biggest favourable balances we have ever had in our history. The proceeds of our sales of Canadian products enabled us to meet the bills for all our purchases of foreign commodities and, in addition, placed a large surplus to our credit with which to offset our interest charges and other obligations abroad.

Jan 1, 1925

By S. S. Teal, W. W. Weber

"AS THE TITLE implies, this paper will deal with the unusual rather than the standard practices as employed . at the property of North Rankin Nickel Mines, Limited. Fortunately •the mining, with the exception of permafrost conditions, and the milling practices, are the normal approaches dictated by the size, type, and character of the orebody. The unusual aspects are linked directly or indirectly to the isolated location and are •principally ancillary requirements or services covering a broad range from climate to supplies and from finance to entertainment. It is our intent to cover the more salient points of interest together with a brief description of the general operation.To understand the primary motivation of the mine, it must be made clear that North Rankin was conceived as a foothold in the Canadian North, that region embracing 40 per cent of the Dominion which ex-tends north of the commercial tree-line and which includes nearly 50 per cent of the Precambrian Shield, our mainstay of Canadian mining. Secondly, this project was born in an atmosphere of premium sales in the nickel markets, assuring a rapid pay-back of the heavy •capital expenditures. And finally, it has •been coddled through the stark reality of a competitive metal market with the hope and trust that the experiences and achievements will lead over the bill to a bigger and better mine in this virgin territory. This is the briefest story of the mine's history, but it pays tribute to the many people who, in thirty years since .discovery, have championed this project."

Jan 1, 1959

By D. C. Brady

"Within six months from award of a project management contract, Les Mines Dumagami Limitée, Cadillac, Quebec, was operating its new hoisting facility. This was accomplished with less than a six-week shutdown of mine production while still maintaining shaft access for underground maintenance.The work involved installing a refurbished /3.5 ft diameter double drum hoist, replacing a timber headframe with a newsteel headframe, increasing the ore bin capacity from 500tons to 1000 tons, constructing a new substation, and upgrading related facilities.This paper describes the work and methods used by various contractors, Les Mines Dumagami Limitée and J.S. Redpath Mining Consultants Limited to bring this project to a successful completion. It discusses the history of the project from proposal stage through to the design, procurement, scheduling, and construction management. The paper also comments on problems that were encountered and the methods used to overcome them.IntroductionThe Donald J. Laronde Mine of Les Mines Dumagami Limitée (Dumagarni), a gold and copper producer, is located in northwestern Quebec, approximately half way between Val d'Or and Rouyn. The mine started production in the spring of 1988 and the first gold bar was poured in June 1988.Following a request by Dumagami, on February 22, 1989, J.S. Redpath Mining Consultants Limited(Redpath) delivered a proposal to increase hoisting capabilities from 1500 tpd to a minimum of 2500tpd. Although various concepts were considered, Redpath proposed a new hoist house along the same shaft axis as the existing hoist, and located on the site of the existing substation. They would then provide a new substation, replace the headframe with a largersteel structure , gain extra storage capacities by increasing the bin heights, and raising the roof of the bin house accordingly.Although underground mining would have to be stopped for a month, the mill production would be maintained by feed from Dumagami's open pit.Figure 1 shows the original plant layout and Figure 2 represents the general arrangement after the project was completed . Table 1 compares the original hoisting facilities to the new facilities.On March 2, Dumagami awarded Redpath a contract that included preliminary engineering, detailed engineering, procurement and contract administration, and later added construction management. The preliminary engineering refined the initialconcept, selected major equipment, and prepared schedules and capital cost estimates for the total project."

Jan 1, 1991

By M. S. Moats, C. M. Campbell

Samples of a high impurity (90.05 wt. % Cu, 4076 ppm Pb, 1939 ppm As and 635 ppm Bi) commercial copper anode were characterized and then electrorefined in a laboratory scale cell. Anode inclusions were examined using backscatter mode scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Hundreds of inclusions were measured for size, morphology and composition. Commonly found inclusions were copper oxide (Cu2O), complex oxides (Cu-Pb-Bi-As-O) and copper selenides/tellurides. The weight percent of lead and arsenic increased with increasing inclusion size up to 4- 5 microns. During electrorefining, starter sheet ductility was negatively impacted by thiourea addition. The importance of arsenic (V) concentration on the electrolyte concentration of bismuth was observed. INTRODUCTION Copper electrorefining is a commercial process used to produce the majority of the world’s refined copper. During this process, impure copper anodes are dissolved electrolytically, and high purity copper is deposited on cathodes. As the anodes dissolve, the impurities either accumulate in the electrolyte or report to solids that form on anodes surfaces or at the bottom of the refining cell. These solids are called slimes. Slimes contain precious metals and are collected for further processing. Slimes are also an important outlet for problem impurities such as lead, antimony and bismuth. The electrorefining process is operated in such a way to encourage the deportment of these elements to the slimes. Impurities in copper anodes have been studied extensively by Chen and Dutrizac (1990, 1993 and 2005). The most common impurities found in modern copper anodes include: Ag, As, Au, Bi, Fe, Ni, O, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn and Te. Impure copper anodes are produced by pyrometallurgical methods and have purities ranging from 97.7–99.7% Cu (Moats et al., 2019). The composition ranges of commercial copper anodes from the 2019 worldwide tankhouse survey are given in Table 1. The concentrations of anode impurities vary widely dependent on the source material and prior processing steps. Based on the work of Chen and Dutrizac, both gold and silver are predominantly found in solid solution within the copper grains while a minor amount of Ag can be found in Cu2(Se/Te) inclusions. Nickel is entirely soluble within the copper grains up to anode compositions of 2500–3000 ppm Ni; above which NiO and kupferglimmer phases are formed (Chen & Dutrizac, 1990). As, Bi, Pb and Sb are found in solid solution within copper and within oxide inclusions typically found along grain boundaries. Oxides are formed due to the presence of 0.13-0.18 wt. % O (Chen & Dutrizac, 1990). This is because during solidification of the cast anodes, impurities are enriched in the liquid phase as the copper grains nucleate and grow. The inclusions form from the last liquid to freeze, which is typically along grain boundaries (Wenzl & Filzwieser, 2007; Wenzl, Filzwieser, Mori & Pesl, 2008).

Jan 1, 2019

By John D. Godfrey

A brief account of economic developments in and around northeastern Alberta is presented and mention is made of mining and industrial developments currently of interest in the area. Planned and projected operations are briefly discussed for this region. The history of geological surveys and mining activities in the Shield area of Alberta and the adjoining parts of Northwest Territories and Saskatchewan is traced. Reassessment of the presently-known economic picture of northwestern Canada in conjunction with some recent information on Precambrian structures of northeastern Alberta points to some interesting mining possibilities, particularly in and around that province.

Jan 1, 1960

By R. J. Craig

Introduction All mining operations produce rock dust. Inhalation of rock dust, particularly if it has a high silica content, causes silicosis. Silicosis is, therefore, recognized as a hazard of the mining industry and has been made compensable throughout most of Canada. Most of the dust in any mining operation is caused by rock drilling and blasting operations and the movement and transportation of broken rock. Dust from blasting cannot be eliminated, but it can be controlled by means of increased ventilation, the use of water sprays, and the control of blasting hours. Dust from ore movement can be reduced by keeping the broken rock in a moist condition at all times. The dust from the rock drilling operation has been found to be the most difficult to control. Concentrations of dust caused by rock drills in stopes can usually be reduced to the safe minimum of 300 particles per cubic centimeter (p.p.c.c.) by diluting the air with increased ventilation. In development headings, where the machines are more confined, this is not always practicable. Therefore, the dust must be eliminated at its source. This paper deals with the reduction of dust from Leyner machines by adopting improved designs.

Jan 1, 1947

By D. Lunt

Telfer bulk concentrates typically contain 8% chalcopyrite, 8% chalcocite, 45% pyrite and 80-120 g/t gold. Although very high copper and gold recoveries can be obtained by subjecting the concentrate to a "conventional" high temperature pressure oxidation step followed by copper recovery by solvent extraction and electrowinning, and cyanidation of the leach residue for gold recovery, the cost of lime required for neutralisation and power for oxygen generation was such that the process was uneconomic in terms of operating costs. The challenge therefore was to develop an alternative flowsheet that maximised copper and gold recovery in which the reagent costs were commercially attractive. An additional objective was to reduce the capital cost so that the overall NPV and IRR values would enhance the economic viability of the total project. Following a series of batch and locked cycle testwork programs, supported by Metsim modelling, it was established that the same high levels of overall copper and gold recoveries can be obtained by use of a novel two-stage split leaching circuit in which the chalcocite component is leached in a low temperature (90-110°C) circuit with the chalcopyrite component treated in a high temperature (220-250°C) circuit. This split circuit has a number of advantages, including minimising the required capacity of the high temperature autoclave, as well as reducing the overall lime consumption and simplifying the total process water balance. The paper outlines the basis for the development of the flowsheet and discusses the integration of the leaching stages into the overall circuit.

Jan 1, 2004

By B. Meddings, O. J. I. Evans

"This paper is mainly concerned with the present and probable future role of hydrometallurgy in the production of base metals.The economic and technological bases of the hydro-metallurgical plants built and operative in the mid-fifties are compared to those in production in the mid-sixties. The trends observed are extrapolated and some estimates made concerning the probable size and type of hydrometallurgical plants which will be operative in the mid-seventies.The impact of emerging socio-economic factors such as pollution control and the market demand for specialized metal products which favour hydrometallurgical recovery processes are also discussed."

Jan 1, 1971

By M. J. deBastiani

The uranium producing division of Denison Mines Limited operates a 6,000-ton-per-day integrated mining unit in the Algoma area of Ontario. The property is located approximately one and one-half miles from Highway I 08, eight miles north of the town of Elliot Lake. The property was staked in 1953, diamond-drilled in ?late 1954 and 1955, and put into production in 1957. Since that date, the operation has produced $250,000,000 worth of uranium oxide from approximately 11,000,000 tons of ore milled, and paid $18,000,000 in dividends to its shareholders. The operation employs about I000 people, and monthly operating costs are approximately one million dollars. From these figures alone, it is obvious that it was necessary to develop and institute an adequate set ?of controls for effective management at all levels of supervision over a period of four years, a system of production and cost control was developed that enables us to effectively measure the pulse of the various phases of the operation at any given time.

Jan 1, 1963

By R. B. Ellestad

Introduction Lithium has been known since 1817, when it was discovered by the Swedish chemist, Arfvedson, while working in the laboratory of Berzelius on the chemical analysis of the mineral petalite, LiAl(Si205)2. Development of the chemistry of lithium proceeded slowly, following the early work of Davy, Gmelin, Bunsen, and Matthiessen. Approximately seventy years elapsed before lithium products assumed any commercial importance, and for a considerable period it was a' very minor industry. Their chief early use seems to have been in medicine, and in the production of lithiated water. Other more important uses were gradually discovered, and the industry has had a slow but steady growth. Chemistry Lithium is classified as an alkali metal, along with sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cæsium. Like these, it is a silvery-white metal, which can be cut with a knife; it is harder than sodium, but softer than lead" It is remarkable in having a density of only 0.53 gram per cubic centimeter, which makes it the lightest metal. On ignition in air, it burns intensely to form chiefly lithium monoxide, Li2O. Like the other alkali metals, lithium reacts vigorously with water to form hydrogen and lithium hydroxide. The later is a strong base, and reacts with acids to form salts. The salts of lithium are in general analogous to those of the -other alkalies, but many of them have unique properties. For example, lithium chloride and bromide are extremely hygroscopic, and have a very high water solubility. Lithium fluoride, phosphate, and carbonate, on the other hand, are all relatively insoluble, unlike the corresponding sodium and potassium compounds. In this instance, lithium exhibits its frequent tendency to resemble the alkaline-earth group of elements (calcium, strontium, and barium). Many of the special and valuable properties of lithium are related to the extremely small size of the lithium ion.

Jan 1, 1948

By J. S. Godard

The mining developments in western Quebec have shown the ores of this district to be more complex in character than was at first expected. When the initial discoveries were made it was thought that the ores would be similar in character to those of Kirkland Lake and Porcupine areas. Developments have since shown that although the ores along the southern margin of the belt are somewhat similar, those within the belt, constituting by far the greater proportion, are vastly different, being complex mixtures of base-metal sulphides carrying values in the precious metals. These mixtures of base-metal sulphides of copper, zinc, and iron, present several problems to the metallurgist, especially in their concentration into marketable products. For the purpose .of this paper the following classification may be made of the ores of the district. Group I. - Milling Ores: (a) Ores in which~ arsenopyrite is the predominating sulphide. In this class of ore the gold occurs in fractures in the quartz and is associated to a lesser extent with the arsenopyrite and pyrite. Examples of this class of ore are the Granada, south of Pelletier lake, and the O'Brien and the Thompson in Cadillac township. (b) Ores in which iron pyrite is the predominating sulphide and gold is the valuable constituent. This may also be classed as a concentrating ore-Group III.

Jan 1, 1928

By Claude A. Jr. Seger

Introduction This paper presents in detailed form the results of settling tests that were published in a few preliminary notes in the April 1949 issue of the Bulletin (p. 166). Carborel is the trade name for sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose and aluminium carboxymethyl-cellulose produced by the reaction of monochloroacetic acid on the alkali cellulose to form an ether. The water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose has been known in Europe for several years as sodium cellulose glycolate and has been marketed under several trade names. These cellulose ethers, however, are relatively new in North America, where the name carboxymethyl-cellulose is often abbreviated to C.M.C., or they are referred to as cellulose gum. The particular grade of Carboxel used in the settling tests in the mill of Chesterville Mines, Limited, is the high-viscosity sodium carboxymethyl- cellulose known as Carboxel H.V. It is a white, fluffy powder and is hygroscopic, although not deliquescent. Carboxel solutions in water are colourless, odourless, and resistant to beat and light. They are stable to alkalies, but are precipitated by acids when the pH is reduced below 4.0, and also by solutions of soluble lead, iron, copper, aluminium, and chromium salts. Solutions of Carboxel exhibit the properties of hydrophilic colloids.

Jan 1, 1949

By K. van Warmerdam, M. Pearson, C. Kember, D. McMullen, M. Thayer, C. Ugarenko

In July 2012, Hatch Ltd. and Air Products & Chemicals Inc. completed construction and commissioning of a 4000 tpd O2 cryogenic air separation unit (ASU) for Barrick Gold’s Pueblo Viejo Project located in central Dominican Republic. The ASU produces high pressure gaseous oxygen, which is used for the oxidation of refractory sulphide ore within the pressure oxidation (POX) circuit. As a result of the project’s remote location and tropical climate, many challenges were faced over the course of construction, commissioning and start-up of the ASU. These challenges included adequate preservation of equipment due to dusty and humid site conditions, final assembly and erection of the cryogenic distillation columns on site, limited spare parts inventory/availability, and an unfinished power source for plant commissioning. This paper discusses the steps taken by Hatch and Air Products to successfully design, construct, commission and start up the largest stand-alone ASU plant for a POX application in the metallurgical industry.

Jan 1, 2014

By R. S. Douglas

THE Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting and Power Company, Limited, is engaged in the mining and concentrating of copper ores, and, incidentally, in the mining of coal and the production of electric power. The Company has been engaged in these various operations both on the mainland of British Columbia and on Vancouver island for the past forty-five years. This paper will attempt to cover their present operations in the Similkameen mining district of southern interior British Columbia. GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE DISTRICT The Interior Plateau in southern British Columbia ranges in elevation from 3,000 feet to 6,000 feet. In the vicinity of Princet0n, a depression in the Plateau forms a well defined basin which is floored with a series of nearly flat-lying Tertiary sediments containing some workable seams of lignite. From this basin, the upland surface rises gradually t0ward the south, from an elevation of 2,000 feet at Princet0n to 4,000 feet at Copper mountain, and 6,000 feet in the upper parts of the Similkameen basin, where it merges into the rugged and diversified t0pography of the Cascade system, with glacier inhabited peaks rising to over 9,000 feet. The valleys of Similkameen river and its tributaries are wide, having flaring sides and gentle slopes, and are separated one from another by subdued rounded spurs, of which Copper mountain is typical. The drainage of this district is taken care of by Similkameen river and its larger tributaries, such as Pasayten river, and Wolfe, Friday, and Whipsaw creeks. The name Copper mountain is applied to a gently arched, nearly flat-topped spur between the deep valley of Similkameen river to the west and the shallower valley of Wolfe creek tO the east. The mountain is appro-priately named from the number of copper deposits occurring on its sides and summit, some of which have been developed int0 an important producer, known as the Copper Mountain mine.

Jan 1, 1943

By Ho-Sung Yoon, Jyothi Rajesh Kumar, Chul-Joo Kim, Sung-Don Kim

A recovery process for rare earths (REs) such as dysprosium and neodymium from the leach liquor of permanent magnet scrap (PMS) was developed. The two hydrometallurgical routes namely liquid-liquid extraction (solvent extraction) and selective stripping were implemented. The present study deals with the separation and recovery process development by using organo-phosphorous based extractant di-(2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as reagent for REs processing. Initial studies considered the influence of time on the extraction process, as well as pH and extractant concentration effects. This suggested the aqueous mechanism and separation factors played a role in process during development. McCabe-Thiele diagrams for extraction isotherms were developed. Counter current extraction (CCE) using various phase ratios influenced metals separation. Maximum loading capacity of the D2EHPA was determined. The loaded organic generated by the CCE process was water washed followed by a scrubbing process to remove the other metal ion from targeted metal. Finally, a stripping process was tested using various mineral acids.

Jan 1, 2015

By Robert Yobou, Jacques Naho, Benjamin A. Allou, Jacques Carignan, Huan-Zhang Lu, Jayanta Guha, Koffi Pothin

"Résumé - Les seules productions de columbo-tantalite en Côte d'Ivoire sont effectuées dans les éluvions, colluvions et alluvions d'Issia, au Centre-Ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire. Même si un lien direct avec les roches granitiques est suspecté, aucune attention particulière n'a été accordée à l'étude de la minéralisation primaire en relation avec l'évolution de ces granites et des pegmatites associées. Ces granites, qui sont en intrusion dans les roches sédimentaires du Protérozoïque inférieur, comprennent: le granite orienté à deux micas (type Lobo), le granite orienté à muscovite dominante (type Bitapia) et le granite porphyroïde non orienté à muscovite dominante (type Issia). Les résultats de cette étude indiquent que les pegmatites à Nb-Ta-Be-Li sont liées au granite de type Issia. Les observations de terrain et les analyses sur roche totale montrent que: (1) les trois principaux granites de la région sont de type-S et peralumineux dans leur composition, (2) ils ont été formés pendant la période tardi- à post-Éburnéenne, (3) le granite de type Issia fut le dernier à se former.Les pegmatites liées au granite de type Issia ont été classées en quatre types : A- pegmatites stériles; B- pegmatites à Be; C- pegmatites zonées à Nb-Ta-Be; et D- pegmatites zonées à Be-Nb-Ta-Li. Les pegmatites zonées comprennent les zones suivantes: I- zone à aplite; II- zone graphique; III- zone à albite, microcline, béryl et columbo-tantalite; IV- zone à microcline massive; V- zone à quartztourmaline. Ces pegmatites présentent une zone d'altération métasomatique externe.La minéralisation de Ta, Nb, et Be est liée à la zone III des pegmatites de types C et D, la minéralisation de Li est associée aux greisens qui peuvent être observés n'importe où dans les pegmatites de type D. Les données de terrain et de laboratoire indiquent que le granite de type Issia est la roche parentale des pegmatites à éléments rares de la région. Les pegmatites minéralisées sont distribuées seulement autour du granite de type Issia et les patrons des terres rares des granites et ceux des pegmatites à éléments rares sont très similaires. Les analyses de la composition totale montrent un lien génétique entre le granite de type Issia et les pegmatites à éléments rares. Il est suggéré que les pegmatites ont été formées durant le transport et la cristallisation fractionnée du magma. Les éléments rares sont restés dans le liquide résiduel jusqu'à ce que les conditions favorables à leur précipitation soient atteintes.L'établissement de ce lien génétique ouvre des voies pour des nouvelles stratégies d'exploration."

Jan 1, 2005