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Jan 1, 1916

By A. F. Lucas

EACH day, the fact becomes more evident that the ever-growing demand for oil is farther outstripping production, regardless of the increase in output throughout the past twenty years. The development of known oil fields and the prospecting for new ones along present lines are not resulting, in, and cannot bring forth, supplies large enough adequately to meet the oil needs of the country. The usual methods of prospecting-for new supplies are insufficient to meet the exigencies of the situation which threatens, in the not distant future, to reach a critical stage. Were it not that within the last two years new and prolific oil fields have been discovered in northern Louisiana, central Texas, and California, this crisis would undoubtedly be now at our door. Stocks are being exhausted in spite of the rapid growth of imports. The time is therefore fast approaching when some radical departures must be made in the method of prospecting and developing old and new fields in order to increase our oil supplies. Methods and chances, that have seemed unwarranted will not only be given serious consideration, but, according to the results promised, will be put to the test. Meanwhile, however, nearly all the oil fields are responding to the stimulus of higher prices, whereby enormously growing capital is attracted to this important industry, both here and abroad; the increase in our petroleum production at the present time is due to this circumstance. Yet, although a most active search is being made for possible sources of additional supply, one section of our country is not yielding the results that, in my opinion, it is capable of producing: I allude to the coastal dome belt of Texas, Louisiana, and Mexico. The United States Geological Survey has estimated that three-fourths of a billion barrels are available in the ground in the Coastal Plain of the two states just mentioned. Numerous papers have been written on the subject of the salt domes of the Coastal Plain and more or less attractive theories have been advocated by leading geologists to account for their origin and the presence of the oil, sulfur, and salt associated in them. However, owing in part to the generally monotonously level country in which the coastal

Jan 9, 1920

By Basil B. Zavoico

The World War I1 spread to Russia on June 22, 1941, when the German Armies began their invasion. The Soviet industries, which were already engaged in a tremendous armament program, further accelerated the flow of munitions, and equipment and supplies for all purposes not directly military were either entirely eliminated or reduced to an absolute minimum. With the occupation by German armies of the Dniepr and Kharkov industrial regions, this trend was necessarily further accentuated. The oil industry of Russia, in consequence, was left to rely more and more upon itself, its own very limited manufacturing facilities, extensive repair shops and probably much used equipment out of order stacked in the warehouses. All evidence available to date points to the fact that the new situation not only did not affect the production either quantitatively or qualitatively, but, on the contrary, caused a larger flow of much needed fuels to the country's war machine, primarily by renaissance of both management and labor. The oil industry of the Soviet Union, left to depend entirely upon itself for equip ment and supplies, and even for new workers and technicians to replace those called into the services, did and is still doing a good and effective job. Since it could not hope for new equipment and parts and could not blame any other industry for the delays in delivery, it dragged out old machines from storage and repaired them in its own machine shops. Often such stored and used equipment was but slightly defective, waiting for some small part from factories in Central Russia, plants that now were either in German hands or entirely converted to the manufacture of munitions. More particularly, instead of the pipe that could not be taken to the Caucasus from Central Russia, casing reclaimed from abandoned or submarginal wells was used, or pipe from the abandoned or but slightly used pipe lines; and this practice is being continued even now on a large scale, to create an ample reserve for the duration of the conflict. Indirectly such a development was even an improvement on pre-war days, when many wells about to be completed had to wait for weeks, even months, for the arrival of new pipe, all blame then being placed outside of the industry on the factories in Central Russia. For the purpose of reclaiming equipment and pipe still usable, special crews were organized. The war also caused much quicker adaptation of certain American practices and introduction of many emergency measures, such as: removal of derricks upon completion of wells and the use of drilling equipment mounted on skids for rapid transfer from location to location—both of these practices, while standard in the U.S.A., being new in Russia; installation of simplified surface pumping units; substitution of wooden bearings in the surface pump equipment; completion of wells in the Ural-Volga district, where formations are hard and tight throughout the sedimentary column, without either casing or

Jan 1, 1942

By Basil B. Zavoico

The World War I1 spread to Russia on June 22, 1941, when the German Armies began their invasion. The Soviet industries, which were already engaged in a tremendous armament program, further accelerated the flow of munitions, and equipment and supplies for all purposes not directly military were either entirely eliminated or reduced to an absolute minimum. With the occupation by German armies of the Dniepr and Kharkov industrial regions, this trend was necessarily further accentuated. The oil industry of Russia, in consequence, was left to rely more and more upon itself, its own very limited manufacturing facilities, extensive repair shops and probably much used equipment out of order stacked in the warehouses. All evidence available to date points to the fact that the new situation not only did not affect the production either quantitatively or qualitatively, but, on the contrary, caused a larger flow of much needed fuels to the country's war machine, primarily by renaissance of both management and labor. The oil industry of the Soviet Union, left to depend entirely upon itself for equip ment and supplies, and even for new workers and technicians to replace those called into the services, did and is still doing a good and effective job. Since it could not hope for new equipment and parts and could not blame any other industry for the delays in delivery, it dragged out old machines from storage and repaired them in its own machine shops. Often such stored and used equipment was but slightly defective, waiting for some small part from factories in Central Russia, plants that now were either in German hands or entirely converted to the manufacture of munitions. More particularly, instead of the pipe that could not be taken to the Caucasus from Central Russia, casing reclaimed from abandoned or submarginal wells was used, or pipe from the abandoned or but slightly used pipe lines; and this practice is being continued even now on a large scale, to create an ample reserve for the duration of the conflict. Indirectly such a development was even an improvement on pre-war days, when many wells about to be completed had to wait for weeks, even months, for the arrival of new pipe, all blame then being placed outside of the industry on the factories in Central Russia. For the purpose of reclaiming equipment and pipe still usable, special crews were organized. The war also caused much quicker adaptation of certain American practices and introduction of many emergency measures, such as: removal of derricks upon completion of wells and the use of drilling equipment mounted on skids for rapid transfer from location to location—both of these practices, while standard in the U.S.A., being new in Russia; installation of simplified surface pumping units; substitution of wooden bearings in the surface pump equipment; completion of wells in the Ural-Volga district, where formations are hard and tight throughout the sedimentary column, without either casing or

Jan 1, 1942

By F. H. McDowell

DURING the last eighteen months the Tilly Foster Iron Mine Company, the President of' which is Mr. E. I?. Hatfield and the Managing Director Mr. B. G. Clarke, has been carrying out a plan

Jan 1, 1889

PRESIDENT HERBERT HOOVER, STANFORD UNIVERSITY; CAL. PAST PRESIDENTS SIDNEY J. JENNINGS NEW YORK, N. Y. HORACE V. WINCHELL MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT EDWIN LUDLOW, NEW YORK, N. Y. TREASURER GEORGE D. BARRON NEW YORK, N. Y.

Jan 1, 1923

By O. B. Hofstrand

Solid bodies mill float in a liquid by reason of lower specific gravity, or of peculiar form, or of repellent action towards the liquid which prevents them from overcoming the resistance of its surface-tension. To the last of these causes the flotation of ores is to be ascribed. Nearly all ores and gangues are specifically heavier than water, yet they do not behave alike in this respect, and they may be divided into two classes, those of floatable and non-floatable minerals respectively. Upon a close examination of these two groups of minerals we find that those particles that will float on the surface of

Jan 1, 1913

AIMS 1953 DIRECTORY SUPPLEMENT OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS 1953 President and Director ANDREW FLETCHER (2) New York City Past President and Director MICHAEL L. HAIDER (2) New York City President-elect and Director LEO F. REINARTZ (3) Middletown, Ohio Vice-Presidents and Directors 0. B. J. Fraser (2), New York City J. L. Gillson (1), Wilmington, Del. A. B. Kinzel (3), New York J. B. Morrow, (2) Pittsburgh, Pa. L. E. Elkins (3), Tulsa, Okla. * T. B. Counselman, Stamford, Conn.

Jan 1, 1953

By Paul Berggreen

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS In the Bibliography titles of publications are replaced by corresponding symbols in this list. American A-1. Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, New York. A-2. Journal of the New York Microscopical Society, New York. A-3. Journal of the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, Pa. A-4. The Metallographist, Boston, Mass. A-5. The Electrochemical and Metallurgical Industry, New York. A-6. Bulletin of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, New York. A-7. The Iron Trade Review, Cleveland, Ohio. A-8. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Ithaca, N. Y. A-9. The Physical Review, New York. A-10. Van Nostrand's Electric Engineering Magazine, New York. English E-1. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London. E-2. Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, London. E3. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, London. E-4. Journal of the Chemical Society of London, London. E-5. Philosophical Magazine, London. E-6. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Edinburgh., E7. Carnegie Scholarship Memoirs, London. E-8. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, London. E-9. Chemical News, London. E-10. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,, London. E-11. Transactions of the North-East Coast Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders, Newcastle-on-Tyne E-12. Iron, London. E-13. Nature, London. E14. English Mechanic and World of Science, London.

Jan 6, 1914

By K. S. Seljesater

Since the development of dispersion-hardenable lead-antimony alloys' in the laboratories of the Western Electric Co., Inc., studies have been made of the effect of various third constituents on these alloys.2 This paper covers a study of the effect of small amounts of arsenic. This element is important since it occurs as an impurity in many commercial antimonial leads and the results obtained are particularly interesting as indicating a class of addition agents which exert a stabilizing effect on dispersion-hardened alloys. Experimental In order to study the effect of increasing amounts of arsenic, a series of alloys were made up containing 1 per cent. antimony, and arsenic varying from 0. to 0.10 per cent., the balance Doe Run lead (99.997 per cent. lead). The alloys were cast into bars 1 1/2 in. wide by 3/4 in. thick and cold-rolled to about 1/8 in- thickness. Three samples of each composition were annealed 1 hr. at 225" C. and quenched in water. One set was aged at room temperature, one at 50" C., and the third at 100" C., the

Jan 1, 1929

By K. S. Seljesater

Since the development of dispersion-hardenable lead-antimony alloys' in the laboratories of the Western Electric Co., Inc., studies have been made of the effect of various third constituents on these alloys.2 This paper covers a study of the effect of small amounts of arsenic. This element is important since it occurs as an impurity in many commercial antimonial leads and the results obtained are particularly interesting as indicating a class of addition agents which exert a stabilizing effect on dispersion-hardened alloys. Experimental In order to study the effect of increasing amounts of arsenic, a series of alloys were made up containing 1 per cent. antimony, and arsenic varying from 0. to 0.10 per cent., the balance Doe Run lead (99.997 per cent. lead). The alloys were cast into bars 1 1/2 in. wide by 3/4 in. thick and cold-rolled to about 1/8 in- thickness. Three samples of each composition were annealed 1 hr. at 225" C. and quenched in water. One set was aged at room temperature, one at 50" C., and the third at 100" C., the

Jan 1, 1929

By J. H. Bowden

The shaft-plant here described was put in operation in September, 1895, and the No. 6 slope-motor was started in May, 1896. The plant comprises : One Norwalk three-stage compressor l21/2, 91/2 and 5 in. diameters of air- and 20 in. diameter of steam-cylinder, all 24 in. stroke; capacity at 100 revolutions, 296 cu. ft. of free air per minute, compressed to 600 Ibs. per sq. in. A main pipe, 5 in. diameter, 4380 ft. long, with five charging-stations in No. 6 Shaft, and a branch of 3 in. pipe, 3100 ft. long, with three charging stations, in No. 6 Slope. These pipes on each line charge a Porter compressed-air motor, with 7 by 14 in. cylinders, and four 24 in. drivers, weighing about eight tons, with a tank-capacity of 130 cu. ft. of air at 550 lbs. pressure in the main tank, reduced to 160 lbs. in the 8-in. auxiliary tank of 4.2 cu. ft. capacity, supplying the cylinders. The No. 6 shaft run averages 4000 ft. each way on grades of $ to 23/4 per cent., and averaging close to one per cent. in favor of the loaded cars. The No. 6 slope run averages 2100 ft. with nearly the same grades. The mine-cars weigh 2800 Ibs. empty, and about 9800 lbs. loaded, and are hauled in trips of 12 to 20, averaging about 15 cars. The shaft-motor now hauls about 355, and the slope-motor 320 cars per day of 10 hours, replacing in the shaft 17 mules, and

Jan 1, 1901

By Charles W. Goodale

The attention of the Institute has been called by Prof. John A. Church* and Mr. W. Lawrence Austin? to the free-milling ores of the Tombstone mines and their treatment, but the silver-bearing man ganese ores of the district have received only a passing notice. As these ores show some interesting peculiarities, and have yielded not less than 750,000 ounces of silver, they are worthy of some study. The Knoxville, Lucky Cuss, Luck Sure, and Wedge mines (named in the order of their importance) are situated along the northern border of the district. They have been the leading producers of this manganese ore, and possess the same general characteristics. Special attention will be given to the Knoxville, as it has been the one most extensively developed. The limestone belt, in which the Knoxville ore bodies occur, has an easterly and westerly trend, is about 1680 feet wide, and rests on granite on the north, the plane of contact being nearly vertical. It is overlain by quartzite, the contact-plane having a dip of 82°. Some mining has been done along these contacts, and a considerable amount of pay ore has been extracted, but development has been very superficial. The ore found along these contact planes contains very little manganese, and differs entirely from the ore in the lime stones. No attempt will he made to assign this limestone country-rock to a particular geological horizon, as no fossils have been found in it. Prof. Blake, in a paper on "The Geology and Veins of Tombstone, Arizona" (Trans., x., 334), speaks of the middle and upper strati-

Jan 1, 1889

By James H. Boettcher

INTRODUCTION There are many and varied sources of finance available to the mining industry for exploration, development and/or the operation of mining projects and companies. These sources include equity from major as well as "penny" stock exchanges, precious metal mutual funds, private investor groups (from "grubstakes" to tax-oriented limited partnerships) and banks. The variety is representative of the fact that the world's capital markets are segmented and stratified according to risk-reward characteristics. This interrelationship is summarized in Exhibit I and 2 which relate (very approximately) various sources of finance to a typical mining project's life cycle and risk-return characteristics. The objective of this paper is to introduce, as it applies to the mining industry, a somewhat recent phenomenon represented by one of these capital markets segments referred to as "venture capital." Venture capital investing per se, which today is a multibillion dollars per annum investment business, goes back as far as Queen Isabela's backing of Columbus' "wild ideas." The real institutionalization of the venture capital process really began in earnest, however, after World War II. Today over 700 private venture capital sources (and more government related ones) exist providing funding to a range of industries, but typically related to the "high-tech" business. The table to the right shows industries financed by venture capital funds between 1980 and 1982. Conspicuous by its absence is, of course, mining which is not a great surprise since typical mining projects up until recently were large, required long lead times and were undertaken by established mining houses. Also, as most of you can appreciate, successful investing in the mining business requires a great deal of experience and understanding of the industry which most venture capital funds do not have. TARGETED RETURN The rate of return objective of most venture capital funds is, according to the legalized version, to realize a return which is "substantially in excess of that obtainable through conventional equity investments." One may say that a common objective of venture capital funds is to realize a 20% to 30% compound annual internal rate of return on capital over their life which is often ten years. [ ] This objective has been recently more feasible in the mining sector due to the development of smaller precious metal projects which cost less and are quicker to generate cash flow than the behemoth projects of the 1970s. In addition to precious metals, venture capitalists have invested or looked at a variety of other mining projects including ones as prosaic as a high margin "kitty litter" operation, sand-gravel and other industrial minerals operations, the leveraged buyouts of coal mines or mineral divisions of major energy or mining corporations, and even in in-situ copper or gold leaching ventures. A typical investment is in the range of $100,000 to $3,000,000 although some can go as high as 5,000,000. This implies a project size up to, say, 30,000,000 if a venture capital fund does it on its own. Larger projects can be done if the equity portion of the investment is syndicated with other investors.

Jan 1, 1985

By C. H. Stein

THE Pennsylvania Legislature, on March 13, 1837, passed an act authorizing the Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co. to construct a railway to connect the North Branch Division of the Pennsylvania Canal with the slack water navigation f the Lehigh River; the navigation company accepted this act on May 10, 1837. Edwin A. Douglas, chief engineer for the navigation company, located the route for this railway from White Haven to Wilkes-Barre, which was called the Lehigh & Susquehanna Railroad. The object was to transport coal from the Wyoming Valley, of Pennsylvania, to the Atlantic seaboard. This railway was considered a marvelous piece of engineering, as it included a tunnel nearly 13 mi. long, and a series of inclines, or planes, up which the cars laden with coal were raised from the vicinity of Ashley to the summit f the mountain near Solomon's Gap, whence they were taken to White Haven by rail. There the coal was transferred to canal boats. In June, 1862, floods almost completely destroyed the upper division of the canal, so on March 4, 1863, the Pennsylvania Legislature passed an act prohibiting its restoration, but granted a charter for the construction of a railway from White Haven to Mauch Chunk to connect with the line from White Haven to Wilkes-Barre, previously built. On March 16, 1864, a supplementary act was passed extending the Lehigh & Susquehanna Railroad to Easton, Pa. This completed a direct all-rail route from Wilkes-Barre to the New York harbor (by way of the Central Railroad of New Jersey). Up to this time, all freight and passenger traffic passed over the planes, but in 1866 and 1867 there was constructed what was known as the "back track" down the mountain side between Solomon's Gap and Ashley over which all the passenger traffic and empty cars thereafter passed; it is now known as part of the main line. For the handling of the heavy coal traffic, however, this would have involved a continuous climb from Ashley, 170.27 mi., from New York, to Solomon's Gap, 157.8 mi. from New York, or a distance of 12.47 mi., and a total ascent of 1,013.75

Jan 9, 1921

By S. J. Kidder, G. C. McCartney

THE Helen Mine, of the Algoma Steel Corporation, in the Michipicoten district, Ontario, Canada, has produced more than 6,240,290 tons of iron ore. Prior to and during World War I, 2,823,369 gross tons of brown ore were shipped, and from 1939 to the end of the 1944 season, 3,416,921 gross tons of siderite ore were produced from open-pit operations. Brief descriptions are given of the nature of the ore, the mining methods employed and the manner of treatment of the ore. Shipment of the finished product, known as Algoma sinter, is made to blast furnaces in both Canada and the United States. The iron-ore bodies-i.e., the oxide ores of the Old Helen and the siderite of the New Helen-are a part of a tabular shaped area of iron formation that extends over a length of more than 10,000 ft. and has a maximum width of 1000 ft. The ores are considered to be a product of introduction of iron-bearing material accompanied by replacement of the rocks already present. It is shown that introduction took place subsequent to the development of the major folded structures. It is believed the iron-bearing material emanated from an igneous source.

Jan 1, 1946

By Paul Billingsley

WHEN I was an undergraduate at the Columbia School of Mines, the mining curriculum was subdivided into two major branches's known respectively as the Metallurgical and the Geological Options, which diverged rather widely as the course progressed. When I duly elected the Geological Option, I believed, I am sure, that this divergence would continue throughout the years. The facts have proved otherwise. The mining industry is a closely knit entity in which the search for its raw materials, called mining geology, cannot be separated from the conversion of these raw materials into marketable form, called metallurgy. The mining geologist searches for materials which the metallurgist can utilize, and only such; and whenever an advance in metallurgy opens the gates for new materials, the geologist's problem is correspondingly modified. No better instance of this relationship can be given than that seen in the Salt Lake region in recent years. Our mineral industry here is of long standing. The three principal tributary districts, Bingham, Park City and Tintic, were discovered in the 1860's and have been vigorously and intelligently developed for many decades. Their production has made the Salt Lake valley one of the world's great smelting centers. The maintenance of this industry has for years depended upon the continual development of new orebodies to take the place of those being extracted. Intensive exploration in the old districts has been supplemented by prospecting in outlying districts of lesser prominence. . Many new orebodies have been discovered, such as those of the Daly West, Silver King, and Judge mines in Park City, the Utah Apex in Bingham, and the Sioux, Colorado Chief Consolidated and Tintic Standard in Tintic. New mines in other districts have been discovered also, but without affecting the dominance of the three major districts. In all cases discoveries, to be of value, had to be of ore amenable to treatment in the available metallurgical plants. This meant that, for the most part, zincy ores, both oxide and sulfide, must remain untouched, and also that ores high in iron and ores high in silica had a fictitious value, either high or low, set by the balance of these

Jan 1, 1928

By Paul Billingsley

When I was an undergraduate at the Columbia School of Mines, the mining curriculum was subdivided into two major branches's known respectively as the Metallurgical and the Geological Options, which diverged rather widely as the course progressed. When I duly elected the Geological Option, I believed, I am sure, that this divergence would continue throughout the years. The facts have proved otherwise. The mining industry is a closely knit entity in which the search for its raw matcrials, called mining geology, cannot be separated from the conversion of these raw materials into marketable form, called metallurgy. The mining geologist searches for materials which the metallurgist can utilize, and only such; and whenever an advance in metallurgy opens the gates for new matcrials, the geologist's problem is correspondingly modified. No better instance of this relationship can be given than that seen in the Salt Lake region in recent years. Our mineral industry here is of long standing. The three principal tributary districts, Bingham, Park City and Tintic, were discovered in the 1860's and have been vigorously and intelligently developed for many decades. Their production has made the Salt Lake valley one of the world's great smelting centers. The maintenance of this industry has for years depended upon the continual development of new orebodies to take the place of those being extracted. Intensive exploration in the old districts has been supplemented by prospecting in outlying districts of lesser prominence. Many new orebodies have been discovered, such as those of the Daly West, Silver King, and Judge mines in Park City, the Utah Apex in Bingham, and the Sioux, Colorado Chief Consolidated and Tintic Standard in Tintic. New mines in other districts have been discovered also, but without affecting the dominánce of the three major districts. In all cases discoveries, to be of value, had to be of ore amenable to treatment in the available metallurgical plants. This meant that, for the most part, zincy ores, both oxide and sulfide, must remain untouched, and also that ores high in iron and ores high in silica had a fictitious value, either high or low, set by the balance of these

Jan 1, 1928

By H. Hance James

SOME of the outstanding features of petroleum production in Illinois during 1923 were: (1) Sustained production from the older wells, due to cleaning and deepening; (2) good results from new drilling in a few localities; (3) large percentage of dry holes, many of which were ill advised tests, with a resulting high cost of the new production; (4) decrease in the number of productive wells in the state; (5) low average price of crude petroleum, a serious factor over the entire country. FIG. 1.-ANNUAL TOTALS OF ILLINOIS PRODUCTION. The total production of Illinois for 1923 was 8,710,000 bbl.,1 a decrease of 7.2 per cent. from that of 1922. Of this amount, it is estimated that about 8,500,000 bbl. were produced by old wells, many of which had been cleaned and deepened somewhat, and approximately 210,000 bbl. were obtained from the new wells drilled during the year. About 95 per cent. of the oil comes from the southeastern field in Clark, Crawford, and Lawrence Counties, where production is almost entirely from Pennsylvanian and Mississippian rocks. Extensions of the productive area were made in Clark, Wabash, Marion, and Jackson Counties. Some important gas development has been accomplished near Jacksonville, in Morgan County, and at Gillespie, in Macoupin County.

Jan 3, 1924

By Chairman Hill H. H.

The Round Table Discussion on Petroleum Engineering Research was planned for two purposes. First, to review the work that has been done by petroleum engineers during the past few years on problems that have confronted the industry and, second, to suggest new studies that should be made either on the problems that have been the subject of research during the past or on problems that have arisen only recently. It was believed that by holding an informal discussion of the problems in which the petroleum engineer is vitally interested it would be possible to bring out new ideas as to the relative importance of the different problems that should be studied and to suggest new methods for attacking some of the problems that have resisted the energies of research workers throughout the industry. It was also believed that by arranging for an exchange of experiences between the different engineers it would be possible to prevent a large amount of duplication of effort in conducting research work. Those engaged in petroleum engineering research realize that there is a broad field for study and by coordinating the work it will be possible to obtain the maximum amount of information in the shortest possible time. In planning the program on Petroleum Engineering Research, nine subjects were selected for discussion and each was assigned to a man who is doing work on that subject. These men were asked to lead the discussion on the problem assigned to each one. An effort was made to choose problems of a practical nature and upon which considerable work is being conducted at the present time. Some of the men who were asked to lead the discussion were unable to attend the meeting but most of them submitted a written discussion- of the subject assigned, with the result that there was a discussion of eight of the nine problems. Professor Uren, who was asked to lead the discussion on the subject of Recent Developments in Methods for Reducing Gas-oil Ratios, was unable to attend the meeting and advised that he did not have any new ideas to contribute.

Jan 1, 1928