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By Pedro Dominguéz S

La exposición apunta al doble tratamiento metalúrgico para la recuperación del oro, cobre y plata contenidos en los minerales de la mina Calpas. Para ello, el conjunto de vetas de las minas,muestra las zonas en las que predomina el cuarzo y la pirita con oro y algunas trazas de cobre. En este punto, surge la cianuración como tratamiento para beneficiar aquellos minerales con cobre, como aquellos que no lo tienen y en el que las instalaciones de plantas de beneficio permitirá una producción mayor a su tonelada.

Jun 20, 1954

By Gustavo Encarnación

La unidad minera aurífera Santa Rosa, situada en el paraje Pampa Larco, Provincia Santiago de Chuco, región La Libertad, desarrolla un circuito de producción a través de COMARSA, donde se optimiza su proceso en forma dinámica. Así, en el caso puntual de Operaciones Mina-Equipos para el proceso de “carguío y acarreo”,el área de Tecnología de Información y Comunicaciones-TIC, presenta una alternativa de solución a la necesidad, desarrollando un sistema de control, cuya implementación no demanda mayor tiempo y es aplicable al control interno de la unidad con la dinámica que exige “tener la información en campo en tiempo real”. En ese sentido, el el presente trabajo señala el uso de moviles wireless en las pequeñas y medianas empresas mineras como el sistema “Personal Digital Assistant-PDA en control de carguío y acarreo”, que combina la tecnología Wireless en computadoras de mano con la característica de operación de COMARSA. El objetivo es capturar datos de cada frente de trabajo, de cada flota, registrar todo evento de interés que optimice y garantice la calidad de la operación ydel proceso, esta data en tiempo real debe entregar información al Jefe de guardia para el control respectivo.

Sep 19, 2006

By C. Stapel, I. C. Tânczos, R. J. De Meijer

"Abstract -In recent years the Environmental Research Group of the KVI has been developing a number of radiometric techniques that may be employed in mineral sand exploration. These techniques involve: radiometric fingerprinting for assessing sand provenances and mineralogical composition; thermoluminescence for dating and provenance determination of sediments; a towed seabed detector to map seafloors for radiogenic heavy minerals and assessing heavy mineral volumes; and simplified transport mechanism models to explain and predict heavy mineral concentrations.All techniques exploit the property that heavy minerals as a group contain concentrations of naturally occurring uranium and thorium that are a hundred to a thousand times higher than in light minerals. In this paper the physics of a number of methods will be described together with a number of results. Based on these results potential applications to mineral exploration and mining are discussed."

Jan 1, 1994

By Zephaniah Varley, Dominic Parmantier, Paul Schmall, Richard Martin, Red Robinson

Sequential excavation of the Beacon Hill Station has been accomplished in highly complex and inter-layered sand, silt, and clay soils with multiple perched groundwater tables. Successful excavation has required the installation of a deep dewatering well system used to depressurize sand layers above and within the excavated tunnel faces. In addition, the presence of sand layers in the crown of the Platform Tunnels required jet grouting at depths of up to 49m (160-ft). This paper discusses the design intent, construction, and effectiveness of the dewatering system and the selective jet grouting of sand horizons and shaft break outs for the successful construction of the deepest SEM station excavation ever completed in the United States.

Jan 1, 2007

By Fernando Andrade Amorim

O processo de micro soldagem se mostra eficiente para a união de Ligas com Memória de Forma (LMF) do sistema NiTi devido a alta precisão e localização do calor, diminuindo os tamanhos da zona fundida (ZF) e da zona termicamente afetada (ZTA), promovendo melhorias nas propriedades mecânicas destes tipos de juntas. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral determinar as variações das propriedades termomecânicas em juntas soldadas de fios de NiTi. Para o trabalho, fios superelásticos de uma LMF NiTi (ASTM F2063) com 0,9 mm de diâmetro, foram divididos em dois grupos: (a) fios sem tratamento térmico (NiTiA) e (b) fios com tratamento térmico a 400°C durante 20 minutos (NiTi400). Em seguida estes fios foram soldados pelo processo TIG, utilizando a microsoldadora Micromelt (EDG Equipamentos e Controles). A caracterização termomecânica dos fios íntegros e microsoldados foi realizada utilizando ensaios de calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC), análise dinâmico-mecânica (DMA), ensaios de tração uniaxial, microscopia óptica (MO), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microindentação Vickers. Os resultados mostraram a eficiência do processo TIG ao soldar os fios NiTi de ambos os grupos. As juntas soldadas apresentaram propriedades de superelasticidade semelhante aos fios íntegros e a análise da fratura dos fios com solda mostra características dúcteis.

Aug 7, 2018

By ALESSANDRA SAVAZZINI REIS

A crescente preocupação em relação à sustentabilidade ambiental no setor de cerâmica vermelha associada ao alto consumo de argila, leva à busca de alternativas de incorporação de resíduos na massa argilosa. Com isso, vê-se a necessidade de caracterizar resíduos usados em cerâmica vermelha. As olarias brasileiras consomem cerca de 10 milhões de toneladas de argila ao mês para produção de telhas e blocos. O resíduo da indústria de rocha ornamental e a lama de alto forno podem se tornar passivos ambientais caso não sejam reaproveitados. O objetivo deste trabalho visa caracterizar e avaliar as propriedades cerâmicas em massas argilosas contendo resíduo de rocha e lama de alto forno. Os resíduos foram caracterizados por meio de ensaios de FRX, DRX, limites de Atterberg e granulometria. Massas argilosas com resíduos em teores variando de 5% a 50% (massa) foram conformadas, queimadas em forno industrial na olaria à 850ºC para verificação de: absorção de água, porosidade, massa específica aparente, e resistência mecânica. Os resultados mostram que a massa argilosa com o resíduo de rocha no teor de 50% apresentou os melhores valores das propriedades cerâmicas analisadas e maior resistência mecânica, tais melhorias também foram verificadas na massa argilosa com lama de alto forno no teor de 5%.

Oct 30, 2017

By Carlos León Aguilar

Como una acción destinada a mejorar las condiciones de productividad de la compañía, Southern Perú desarrolló un programa conjunto de expansión de sus operaciones mina–concentradora tales como la marcha, evaluación y optimización de los circuitos de molienda, flotación, filtración y espesamiento. De acuerdo a este proyecto de extensión, los resultados metalúrgicos de la planta, recuperación y grado de concentrado posteriores a la expansión, son mejores que los estándares que manejaba la Concentradora previos a la expansión. Esto significa que los esfuerzos realizados para obtener mejoras constantes en productividad y calidad tuvieron resultados positivos. En ese sentido, el presente trabajo describe el proceso de ampliación de la compañía minera que conlleva una optimización en sus parámetros operativos como en el criterio ambiental, de forma que se permita optimizar la productividad y reducir los costos específicos de producción constantemente.

Jul 31, 2003

By Salomón David Albis Pacheco

El presente texto señala una herramienta de gestión actual que mejore las operaciones logísticas de la empresa, perfeccione el sistema de información con los proveedores y brinde una mejor respuesta a los clientes mejorando el nivel de servicio. En ese sentido, Supply Chain Management (gestión de la cadena de suministro) es una herramienta de gestión que ofrece minimizar los costos y logra un mejor servicio al cliente - en tanto al aplicarla a una contratista minera de perforación diamantina, optimiza los contratos, compras, almacenes, transporte de materiales, tecnología de información y maneja la responsabilidad social y ambiental.

Mar 1, 2014

By Vincent T. Ricca

Acid mine drainage is a serious water pollution problem, for its contaminants will eventually effect the quality of the receiving streams. According to the Appalachian Regional Commission (1969)1, 10, 500 miles of streams have been polluted by mine drainage, and 70 percent of this acid pollution is accounted for by underground mines. Due to the severe damage to aquatic life, to recreational and industrial use, and to domestic water supply, more stringent mining and anti-pollution laws have been legislated and coal mine operators are required to treat the mine water discharges to meet the minimum standards. For years now, abatement and treatment methods have been extensively studied. Progress reports presented in the Fourth Symposium on Coal Mine Drainage Research, 1972 1 suggest that a thorough investigation and understanding of the basin discharge is necessary in order to cope with the mine drainage problem. The extent of mine water discharge contamination can be considered as a function of the basin streamflow and acid generation load.' A conservative treatment cost estimation these days is $0.40 per 1, 000 gallons for water with 100 ppm iron, 500 ppm acidity. These figures need not include collection and pumping costs nor the cost of dispersing of chemical waste by-products. To achieve optimal abatement and treatment of mine drainage, predictions of the quantity and quality of mine water discharges are needed. Basin discharge is a continuous process and it can be considered as a. macro-system. This system can be subdivided into micro-systems to describe the various mine discharge .types in the basin. The mining activities could produce acid water discharges from deep mines, stripmines, or associated gob piles. A total study entitled ?Resource Allocation to Optimize Mining Pollution Abatement Programs?* will consider all of these sources. However, this paper will discuss only one micro-system, the drift (deep) mine type. We will look at a single mine and its watershed. The total research project considers a multiple mining complex in an extensive stream basin.

Jan 1, 1973

By Burton H. Boyum

The paper generally reviews the iron ore occurrences and regional geology of Western Australia, but features in particular the mesa deposits of PJasic Materials - Cliffs International. Initial production is planned from a aeries of mesa deposits of Eocene-Oligocene age. The ore is oölitic to pisolitic goethite and hematite. Source of the iron in the mesa deposits is thought to be from the Precambrian iron-formations. The geology and occurrences of the mesa iron ore deposits are summarized and illustrated.

Jan 1, 1964

By L. D. Boughton

Solution mining projects are conducted through one or more boreholes which penetrate en ore body. Proper drilling, completion and maintenance of the boreholes, therefore, is essential to the success of any solution mining operation. Wells drilled for solution mining encounter problems quite similar to problems encountered by the petroleum industry in drilling, completing and maintaining wells for the production of oil, gas or water. Many of the services developed and much of the experience gained by the petroleum industry is applicable to solution mining wells. As in the petroleum industry, each individual wellbore and ore body in a solution mining project provides its own problems. These vary greatly from well to well, and it is not possible to set down data or outline programs that will apply to all wells. Instead, the design of the drilling, completion, production and maintenance programs should be worked out for each individual well. The purpose of this paper, then, is to generally describe materials, equipment and techniques available for these programs and to discuss the purpose and sequence of their use.

Jan 1, 1971

By J. Sutton

La geología es la ciencia que estudia las características del suelo. Sin embargo, con el desarrollo del tiempo su estructura educacional y formacional ha ido cambiando. En ese sentido, el presente texto señala los cambios que comprende la enseñanza de esta materia en las universidades de Inglaterra donde el curso de exploración mineral permite un entrenamiento más adelantado y el curso de postgraduados en geología, está relacionado con la aplicación de la geología a asuntos como el estudio de los distintivos geológicos que afectan el diseño de fundación de las principales construcciones y caminos, factores relacionados con la localización, diseño de reservorios y una cantidad de materias referentes con la utilización más efectiva de los recursos naturales. Asímismo, se muestra el por qué de las demandas dentro de las islas británicas y el extranjero.

May 1, 1973

By N. Edmonson

An examination of the statistics of the world phosphate fertilizer industry since 1980 reveals an increasing tendency for fertilizer manufacturing activity to concentrate in phosphate rock mining areas. The economic justification for this resource-oriented strategy is clear. The choice between shipping phosphate rock, a comparatively low-value product, and shipping more valuable finished fertilizers will always be resolved in favor of the latter if cost considerations control the decision. The historical existence of substantial phosphate fertilizer manufacturing capacity oriented toward fertilizer-consuming activities and dependent on imported phosphate rock shows that narrow cost considerations have not always determined the industry's location. One is entitled to ask what conditions have changed to precipitate the observed relocations, and how permanent these changes are. These questions are the subject of this investigation.

Jan 1, 1995

By Robert Labbe

The final tunnel lining for this project involved pumping vast quantities of concrete over large distances under the extremely busy streets of lower Manhattan. Approximately 68,000 cubic meters (89,000 cubic yards) were pumped from various locations over 152 meters (500 feet) below ground (Figure 1) to create nearly 14.5 kilometers (9 miles) of 3.05 meter (10 foot) diameter tunnel. Total distances pumped exceeded 1,645 meters (5,400 feet) horizontally after a vertical difference of over 152 meters (500 feet). The urban setting of the operation, coupled with the long distances over which concrete was pumped, created many problems which had to be dealt with along the way. A three-shift labor operation was implemented to allow sequential pouring of tunnel sections nearly every day. The fine tuning of the mix design was critical to make this operation successful.

By G. Karahalios

Industrial minerals have always enjoyed an important share in the technological growth of any country in the world. Today, extraction and trading of industrial minerals has expanded, but is also subject to stricter environmental guidelines. This paper presents the current status as well as the growth potential in the exploitation of industrial minerals in the countries of the south eastern European region, i.e. Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, F.Y.R.O.M., Greece, Italy, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia and Turkey. More specifically, annual production figures per country are presented for1992-1998. These figures are compared to each other and, where applicable, to world production figures. Trading of industrial minerals from these countries to Europe and the world and its effect to the local economies is also evaluated were such data is available.

Jan 1, 2000

By D. K. Chibwe, P. Taskinen

"Typical operation of industrial Peirce-Smith converters (PSCs) used in copper smelting results in several common phenomena such as excessive splashing, slopping, tuyere blockage, and low converter campaign life due to high tuyere line refractory erosion. These phenomena give rise to an inefficient operation from both a process and an energy perspective.This investigation presents numerical and physical models of flow patterns, mixing, solid-liquid mass transfer, and slag-matte phase distribution in a slice model of an industrial PSC. For physical simulations, a 0.2-scale cold model was developed. Water, kerosene, air, and sintered benzoic acid compacts were used to simulate matte, slag, injected gas, and solid additions into the PSC. The two- and three-dimensional numerical simulations of the three-phase system were carried out using volume of fluid (VOF) and realizable k- e (RKE) turbulence models to account for the multiphase and turbulence nature of the flow respectively. These models were implemented using the commercial computational fluid dynamics numerical code FLUENT.Both numerical and physical simulations were able to predict, in agreement, the mixing and dispersion characteristics of the system in relation to various blowing conditions employed in the investigation. Measurement of mass transfer characteristics conclusively indicated that fluid flow in the PSC is stratified. Both blowing configuration and volume of slag in the converters were found to have significant effects on mixing propagation, wave formation, and splashing.The splashing and wave motion in these converters are known to cause losses of metal/matte and potential production time due to the requirement for intermittent cleaning of the converter mouth, resulting in reduced process throughput. To prevent these losses and hence to increase process efficiency, we propose a combined blowing configuration using top lance and lateral nozzles. The numerical simulations were conducted on combined, as well as lateral, blowing conditions. In comparison, the recent results of the combined blowing concept were found to be encouraging."

Jan 1, 2014

By T. M. Barczak

This report describes Bureau of Mines research to develop methods to evaluate loading on longwall roof supports to permit better design and more efficient utilization of these structures in compliance with the geological conditions in which they are employed. The resultant vertical and horizontal force acting on the canopy of a shield can be determined, either from a statically determinate solution assuming rigid-body mechanics and elimination of certain unknowns, or from an elastic solu-tion by analysis of the load-displacement relationship of the shield structure. A two-dimensional rigid-body model is presented that determines resultant shield forces by measurement of leg, canopy capsule, and lemniscate link forces. An elastic solution is presented, in the form of an elastic stiffness model with two degrees of freedom, which describes the load-displacement relationship from the stiffness of the shield structure as determined in the Bureau's Mine Roof Simulator (MRS). The ability of both models to determine resultant forces acting on the shield canopy are evaluated from full-scale tests in the MRS. More advanced numerical models are also discussed as part of the Bureau's continuing effort in the evaluation of roof support structures.

Jan 1, 1987

By K. E. Stanfield

Asphalts from. Wyoming "black oils" are being studied at the Petroleum Experiment Station of the Bureau of Mines at Laramie, Wyo., in cooperation with the University of Wyoming. These black oils are characterized by their high-asphalt, high-sulphur, and low-gasoline content and are difficult to refine by present methods into high-octane motor fuels, burning oils, and lubricants. Accordingly, their principal use, at present, is for the manufacture of road oil and asphalt. The present production of black oil could be increased to meet a greater demand. During 1937 the daily production of these crude oils in Wyoming was slightly over 13,000 barrels, while the estimated potential production from existing wells was 56,000 barrels.

Jan 1, 1939

By B. R. Conard

Copper refining at Vale Canada (previously known as Inco) has been associated with Ni production. Because Cu and Ni carry risks for adverse health endpoints through inhalation exposure, it is critical that their aerosol levels, and the metallurgical processes through which they enter the air, are understood. Because certain Ni substances have been linked to respiratory cancers, it is also important to characterize the amounts and types of Ni compounds in occupational settings. This paper describes electrorefining and electrowinning operations near Sudbury, Ontario (1930–present), and gives aerosol measurements (1978–present).

Jan 1, 2014

By Albert A. Mathews

OUTCROPS of gypsum rock near the present site of the city of Gland Rapids, Mich., were known to fur traders early in the nineteenth century. However, the deposits seemed without value and were not worked for some time. So far as cat1 be learned, Michigan gyp- sum was first used by a plasterer who settled in Grand Rapids in 1834 as a member of its fourteenth white family. In building a house for one of the early traders, be used some otnamental stucco mouldings manufactured from the local gypsum deposits for decorations in the gables and around some circular windows. The gypsum was broken out with a hammer, ground in an Indian corn mill, and burlled in a caulclron kettle,. After two attempts, the ornaments were successfully set, and remained on the house until it was destroyed by fire in 1850.

Jan 1, 1936