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Features Of Distribution Pattern Of Cobalt-Rich Ferromanganese Crusts On The Micronesian And Marshall Islands Seamounts
By Nobuyuki Okamoto
Ferromanganese crusts on the seamounts in the Pacific Ocean are potential resources of cobalt, nickel, platinum and REEs. Particularly, those of the Republic of Marshall Islands and the Federated Stat
Jan 1, 2011
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Mineral Processing of Cobalt-Rich Ferromanganese Crust and Nodules - Establishment of Treatment Flow for Removal of Substrate Rock
By Naoki Hiroyoshi, Kunihiro Hori, Kengo Sekimura, Mayumi Ito, Kouki Kashiwaya, Eiji Yamaguchi, Masami Tsunekawa
Cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts and nodules ores from seamount areas contain volcanic and sedimentary rocks as substrate or nuclei. During the mining operation, these rocks should be separated as
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Potential Offshore Aggregate, Gulf Of Mexico
By S. Jeffress Williams
The topic area for this paper covers the United States portion of the northern Gulf of Mexico, extending from the Rio Grande delta east to the Florida peninsula. Declaration of an Exclusive Economic Z
Jan 1, 1986
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On The Possibility Of Offshore Mineral Occurrences In Greenland Waters
By P. U. W. Appel
Despite the very large offshore Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) area of Greenland (in excess of 2 mill. km2) virtually no work has been carried out on marine minerals on the ocean floor. Apart from a si
Jan 1, 1988
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Widespread Distribution and Long-term Continuous Precipitation of Hydrogenetic Ferromanganese Deposits in the NW Pacific Ocean
By Robert G. Ditchburn, Albert Zondervan, Akira Usui, Hiroshi Shibasaki, Hajime Hishida, Ian J. Graham
Earlier reconnaissance geological survey and recent mineral exploration by the Geological Survey of Japan (now part of AIST), Metal Mining Agency of Japan (now part of JOGMEC) have revealed that hydr
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Mineralization Processes At Ocean Ridges
By Johnson R. Cann
Ocean floor sulfide deposits are now known from many parts of the world mid-ocean ridge system and from some seamounts. Clearly they can be expected to occur commonly on the ocean floor. However, only
Jan 1, 1988
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Nodules: Nineties & Beyond
By William Siapno
Manganese nodules, as metal ores, have for the most part been cast aside from further consideration within this century. However, in the decade of the 90s, rising demand at all levels of society, for
Jan 1, 1991
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UNEP Shelf Programme, Article 76 and How it Affects Coastal States
By Luana Karvel, Lars Kullerud, Morten Sørensen, Øystein Halvorsen, Øivind Lønne, Elaine Baker, Tina Schoolmeester, Joan Fabres, Yannick Beaudoin
The UNEP Shelf Programme (USP) is the access point for a collaboration of international organizations with expertise in marine geoscience and maritime law. It was established in response to a United
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Distal Metalliferous Sediments and Search of Underwater Hydrothermal Deposits
By Evgeny G. Gurvich
While direct study of high temperature hydrothermal activity and the associated mineral formation as well as study of their scales are possible in the modern ocean, researchers are deprived of such
Aug 24, 2006
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Regulations for the Exploration of Polymetallic Sulphides and Cobalt Rich Crusts in the International Seabed Authority
By Satya Nandan
The International Seabed Authority is currently considering regulations for prospecting and exploration for polymetallic sulphides and cobalt rich crusts. The deposits of these two types of minerals
Aug 24, 2006
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Regional-Scale Mapping Of U.S. Continental Margin Sedimentary Environments: Tools For Research, Seafloor Management And Aggregate Resource Assessments
By S. Jeffress Williams
Continental shelf margins are dynamic sedimentary environments that contain important benthic habitats and support many functions such as navigation, national defense, cables, pipelines, trawling, and
Jan 1, 2004
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How to Increase Economy of Seafloor Massive Sulfide Mining
By Tetsuo Yamazaki
Seafloor massive sulfides have been a subject of interest for profitable commercial mining these ten years. Because of the higher Au, Ag, and Cu contents, they have received much attention as immedia
Jan 1, 2010
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Preliminary Economic Evaluation of Rare Metal Recovery from Cobalt-rich Manganese Crusts
By Tetsuo Yamazaki
The importance of cobalt-rich manganese crusts on the Pacific seamounts for possible future rare metal sources has currently been recognized. The thin layer-type deposit characteristics affect not onl
Jan 1, 2010
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Sand Mining On U.S. Continental Shelves: Exploration And Exploitation For Shore Protection And Environmental Restoration - Introduction
By Charles W. Finkl
Coastal and marine aggregate (sand and gravel) mining on US continental shelves is a major activity that supplies industrial and commercial demands for these raw materials. Because Pacific, Atlantic,
Jan 1, 2005
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Distribution Of Radionuclides During Weathering And Erosion In Saquarema (Rio De Janeiro): Implications For Submerged Monazite Deposits In Adjacent Offshore Areas
By V. M. Hamza
Analysis of ground and airborne radiometric measurements in the Saquarema region (Rio de Janeiro) provides new insights into the breakdown and transport of mineral aggregates containing monazites, und
Sep 14, 2011
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New Directions In The Marine Minerals Program At The U.S. Minerals Management Service
By LeRon E. Bielak
The marine minerals program of the Minerals Management Service (MMSI has undergone significant changes during 1991. Formerly the Office of Strategic and International Minerals, the program has been re
Jan 1, 1991
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The Role of Bimodal Magmatism and its Products in Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Ore-Forming Systems: A Case Study from the Middle Okinawa Trough, Japan
By Toru Yamasaki
"Bimodal lithostratigrafic assemblages are of significance in volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS)-hosted lithology. The largest deposits are either bimodal-siliciclastic or maficsiliciclastic, and the
Jan 1, 2017
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Hydrothermal Fields In Oceanic Fracture Zone Settings: An Example From The Blanco F.Z., Northeast Pacific
By James R. Hein
Low- to intermediate-temperature, diffuse-flow hydrothermal fields and associated mineral precipitates have been found at many locations along oceanic spreading centers, back-arc basin spreading axes,
Jan 1, 2001
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Gas Hydrates as a Future Energy Resource – Scientific Aspects and Perspectives
By Christian Müller, Hermann-Rudolf Kudrass, Christian Reichert
Recent studies estimate the depletion mid-point (dmp) for conventional natural gas to be reached around year 2022, and for conventional oil to be reached around year 2017. These numbers are based on
Aug 24, 2006
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Impact Estimation Of Methane Hydrate Utilization On Atmospheric Carbon Emissions By Using Mass Balance Eco-Model
By Tetsuo Yamazaki
Natural methane hydrate has been scientifically studied as a global carbon reservoir. However, in Japan, it?s potential as an energy resource has been industrially highlighted, because there are few
Jan 1, 2004