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By T. S. Liu, E. A. Peretti

A LITERATURE survey of the In-Sb system, which was made before a study of the binary diagram was undertaken, revealed that the intermediate phase InSb existed and that its crystal structure is face-centered cubic of the zinc blend type. In 1929 Goldschmidt' determined the lattice constant for InSb and obtained a value of 6.452A. A more recent value, 6.461A was reported by Iandelli2 in 1941. The purity of the indium used was not very high, however. The indium used by Iandelli contained 2 pct Ge. In view of this fact it was decided to remeasure the lattice parameter using high-purity indium (99.97+ pct In) and spectrographically standardized antimony of the highest purity available (99.91 pct Sb). Specimens corresponding to the InSb composition were made by carefully weighing the ingredients on an analytical balance and heating them in vacuo in a quartz tube at 700°C. As melting losses were negligible, the alloys were not analyzed chemically, but the intended analysis was taken as being accu- rate. Powder samples were prepared by either filing or crushing of the brittle alloy, followed by screening at 325 mesh. The powders were then annealed at 400°C in evacuated capsules for about an hour. X-ray photograms were taken with a Debye and a back-reflection focusing camera, using characteristic cobalt K. radiation. Lattice parameters were calculated by Cohen's³ method. The results of a Debye pattern and of a back-reflection pattern at 25°C are given in Tables I and 11. The lattice parameter at 25 °C is 6.47602A.

Jan 1, 1952

By Peter Stubbs

Mr. Agelopas is to be congratulated on a fine paper. Although the presentation was simple and concise, you will all appreciate that a great deal of hard work went into the development of this highly successful repair method. Earlier this year Bethlehem invited a group of our people to witness lug repairs at their Sparrow's Point plant. We have since made lug replacements on a trial basis using their method. The repaired moulds are now back in service. We will compare their performance with regular moulds and with moulds repaired by a technique developed by Dofasco weld shop personnel. I would like to explain briefly some of the various types of ingot mould repairs presently undertaken at Dofasco. The first problem will be familiar to most of you. The lower inside edge of a mould wall may be damaged by spalling, a runout or by the washing action of steel deflected from a badly worn stool cavity. We repair this type of damage by welding.

Jan 1, 1972

LAWFORD H. FRY, Burnham, Pa. (written discussion*).-As a sup-plement to the information given by Mr. Bash, a diagram is submitted showing the results of a somewhat similar experiment carried out at the ordnance plant of the Standard Steel Works Co. In this case the ingot to be heated was a nickel-steel octagon ingot, weighing 14,700 lb. (6667 kg.). This ingot was to be forged into two 255-mm. howitzer jackets. A hole was bored half way of the length of the ingot, extending into the longitudinal axis, and a base-metal thermocouple inserted in this hole.

Jan 11, 1919

By P. R. Hanes

A description of the methods used in driving two tunnels, 2 miles long each, one a 9-ft. and the other a 19-ft. diameter section, for the Owyhee Irrigation Project, Oregon. One heading of the smaller tunnel was driven 1315 ft. in 73 shifts in one month and 10,966 ft. of this section completed in ll½ months using two shifts for eight months and three shifts the rest of the time. This is a good illustration of the proper use of a mechanical shovel and the importance of careful selection of supplernentary equipment to secure best results. Large cars, speedier and heavier locomotives, 36-in. gage track of 45-lb. rail, and a good switching method increased actual shoveling time and cut down muck removal period about 45 minutes from average. The larger tunnel, after trying out standard electric revolving shovels of both the rail mounting and caterpillar tread types, was excavated with a mechanical mucker. This is the first time that a tunnel of so large a section has been handled this way. This record work was accomplished without drill carriages.

Jan 1, 1934

By Fred H. Brooks

INTRODUCTION The toughest job for any mining company, large or small, is to locate and identify a property which it feels has the potential for development and which can be tied up through location, lease or option under terms within their means. In the case of a small company, this precludes grass-roots exploration with its attendant high costs and the extended time required to develop a prospect to the point of being a project. The small mining company, therefore must limit its search to known properties which, for various reasons, have been shut down or were never thoroughly developed at the time of discovery. These types of prospects are located either through literature search, familiarity with many mining areas in general, or through contacts and submittals from a variety of sources. In order to develop a marketable presentation to any investor, the basic requirements are the same: - the property must demonstrate the potential to provide a satisfactory return on investment - the evaluation study must be thorough and professionally developed. In order to promote any mining property, it is first necessary to know what you have. INFORMATION DEVELOPMENT We normally begin with a detailed literature search of the district, assembling all available data on the basic geology, production records, and old reports of this or neighboring properties and any other information which can be found. This will aid in the general understanding of the basic geology and hopefully allow a fairly detailed knowledge of the specific occurrence. With this information one can begin to speculate on the reserve potential and develop some high and low figures for estimating purposes as to mining method, production rate, metallurgy and begin developing estimated capital and operating costs. Cashflow runs are developed for varying tonnages (high and low), estimated high and low grades of metal and at differing market prices for the product. FINANCE CONTACTS Brooks Minerals, from its inception, has been an operating company and we have been able to assemble a small but experienced operating staff. For this reason we try to put together projects and joint ventures where we can be the operator and maintain a certain degree of control. Whether due to familiarity with many colleagues in the mining industry or due to unfamiliarity with the banking houses and securities markets, the approach to raising finance has generally been to contact the established mining companies. This requires a familiarity with the corporate philosophies of these companies with respect to their development goals and financial capabilities. A common mistake is to shotgun the proposal to many companies of different sizes and goals in hopes that one might be interested. It is more beneficial, when possible, to tailor a proposal to each company, stressing the positive points where the specific proposal best meets their interests. One company may be more interested in a development program with fairly certain and conservative return potential. The property may well contain both possibilities but a lack of understanding of the individual company's method of operation could spoil the deal. In another instance, one company may look at a property as a moderate income producer over an extended life, yet a second may elect to high-grade the deposit over a shorter period in order to provide early cash flow or take advantage of a favorable market situation. MAKING THE DEAL There are as many types of deals as there

Jan 1, 1985

Discussion of the paper of BOYD DUDLEY, JR., presented at the New York meeting, February, 1915, and printed in Bulletin No. 96, December, 1914, pp. 2767 to 2782. H. 0. HOFMAN, Boston, Mass.-At the close of the paper Mr. Dudley said that his experiments in the laboratory had shown that it was possible to separate nickel from copper by means of a chloridizing roasting, but that in order to demonstrate a process of this kind, work upon a large scale would have to be carried out. I think it was in 1913, that experiments of this kind were carried out at the works of the Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co., Philadelphia, in a Wedge furnace, and at Sault Ste. Marie in a Sjöstedt furnace. They showed a satisfactory separation of nickel and copper. The ore was first subjected to an oxidizing roast, then mixed with pyrite and salt, and given a chloridizing roast. A. H. Carpenter published in the Engineering and Mining Journal, vol. xcvii, p. 1085 (1914) the details of this work. The conclusion arrived at is, that if you subject sulphide ore to an oxidizing roast, finishing at the temperature at which all nickel sulphate is dissociated, i.e., 764° C., then mix it with pyrite and salt, and subject the mixture to a chloridizing roast between 600° and 700° C., you can chloridize a high percentage of the copper without chloridizing any of the nickel, and obtain thereby a satisfactory means of separating the two.

Jan 5, 1915

Institute of Metals Iron and Steel Mineral Industry Industrial Minerals Year Division Petroleum Division Division Coal Division Education Division Division 1918 W. M. CORSE ' 1919 " 1920 W. H. BASSETT 1921 1922 W. B. PRICE RALPH ARNOLD 1923 E. DEGOLYER 1924 G. K. ELLIOTT 1925 " F. JULIUS FOHS 1921; PAUL D. DIERICA " 1927 JOHN M, LOVEJOY 1928 S. SKOWRONSKI A. W. AMIBROSE RALPH Fl. SWEETSER 1929 " J. B. UMPLEBY G. B. WATERHOUSE 1930 ZAY JEFFRIES C. V. MILLIKAN \V. J. MACKENZIE HOWARD N. EAVENSON 1931 SAM TOUR C. E. BEECHER F. AT. BECRET 1932 C. H. MATHEWSON EARL OLIVER F. N. SPELLER THOMAS G. FEAR , C. H. FULTON 1933 T. S. FULLER W. E. WRATHER JOHN JOHNSTON ELI T. CONNER 1934 .J. L. CIIIRISTIE H. D. WILDE, .JR. L. F. REINARTZ T. T. READ 1935 W. M. PEIRCE HARRY H. POWER A. B. KINZEL JOHN T. RYAN SAMUEL H, DOLBEAR 1936 E.H. DIX,JR. HALLAN, N. MARSH C. E. WILLIAMS EUGENE McAULIFFE WILLIAM B; PLANK' OLIVER BOWIES 1937 A. J. PHILLIPS AL ALBERTSON FRANCIS B. FOLEY J. B. Moscow " CHESTER A.. FULTON 1938 R. F. MEHL G. B. CORLESS J. T. MACKENZIE PAUL WEIR FRANCIS A.THOALSON J. R. THOENEN 1939 R. H. LEACH W. I-1. G E I S J. HUNTER NEAD C. A. GIBBONS " AT. M. LEIGHTON 1940 C. A1. WISE T. V. MOORE F. T. SISCO C. E. LAWALL W. R. CHEDSEY W. M. WEIGEL 1941 D: K. CRAJIPTON E. A. STEPHENSON C. H. HERTY, JR. JULIAN E. TOBEY " . PAUL AT. TYLER 1942 CARL E. SWARTZ HARRY P. STOLZ E. C. SMITH NEWELL G. ALFORD A. F. GREAVES-WALKER B. L. MILLER 1943 CYRIL STANLEY SMITH C. A. WARNER HERBERT W. GRAHAM CADWALLADER EVANS, JR. " HOWARD 1. SMITH 1944 ARTHUR PHILLIPS W. S.-MORRIS WILLIAM A. HAVEN A. W. GAUGER A. C. CALLEN C. H. BEHRE, JR

Jan 1, 1944

Gerald Sherman, Bisbee, Ariz. (written discussion*) .—The fact that, after a change in the hours of labor, as much work is found to be done in 8 hr. as was accomplished in 10, probably results from the more rigid examination of operating methods that is made when the management faces new and more difficult conditions. Although A better working pace will prevail, most of the gain will result from economies of plan and only a part of it from the improved effciency of labor. The Iabor of shoveling is so severe that it may be easily believed that a working period of less than 7 hr. will give maximum results, but there arc many other occupations about a mine in which this is not true, and in which the rate of accomplishment is in proportion to the time employed, up to 9 or 10 hours. Mr. Harley's study of shoveling has becn thorough, and demonstrates the benefit of investigation and education even in such simple work, but his reference to methods of payment opens a subject even more important in mine management. The efficiency of labor may be excellent, but unless a method of equitable payment accompanies it, the result will be only temporary. With strict but sympathetic supervision, a good average day's work can be obtained; but with the exception of those unusual men who cannot be restrained from working to their limit, an average daily wage does not bring out the remarkable performance of which many men are capable. There is also a considerable variation in the average amount accomplished, dependent on the supply of Iabor. This can readily be shown by any labor record that covers several periods of shortage or superabundance of labor. An increase in the daily wage in the time of labor shortage does not necessarily bring out an increased day's work; there is usuaIly a decrease in labor efficiency at such times regardless of the wage, whenever a daily rate is used. Rewards to individuals for exceptional performance appearing as an increased rate of pay cannot be made in a large organization without bad feeling. In a small organization, an individual's ability may be so well recognized that different rates of pay can be applied. Exceptional work can only be obtained by a method of payment based on the valuable results accomplished. As a basis for such payment, an

Jan 1, 1920

By M. W. Dumais, E. P. Abrahamson

In a paper by Abrahamson and Alexander concerning a series of correlations between electronic structure and property changes, it was hypothesized that each solute atom in a dilute solution had a characteristic volume of solvent atoms over which some form of electronic interaction occurred. From this description it is possible to picture the solute atoms as occurring in an ordered array for the most efficient arrangement. A recent review article2 has shown that some form of anomaly exists for a whole series of properties when dilute additions of tungsten are made to iron, of. Fig. 1. Any mechanism to fit one property must also be amenable to mechanisms for the other properties. The possibility of some structural change in this region appears to offer the best hope. The system chosen for investigation was the iron tungsten system. Zone-refined iron with zone-leveled tungsten additions were supplied by Materials Research Corp. as 3/8-in.-diam bars. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the structure. One-quarter inch specimens of each alloy were cold-rolled to 10-mil sheets, cleaned, punched to electron-microscope specimen-holder size, and annealed in vacuum for 2 hr at 800°C and 2 hr at 700°C followed by a furnace cool. The specimens were attached to a platinum wire and the specimen edge and wire were painted prior to thinning in a solution of 10 pct perchloric acid in glacial acetic acid. It was believed that if ordering were present due to electronic interactions the polishing procedure chosen would provide a simultaneous combination of chemical attack and electropolishing to exhibit the ordered structure. The chemical attack would be expected to penetrate those areas equidistant from the tungsten atoms, while the electropolishing would serve to "plane off" the volumes where the chemical attack had taken place. If one of the ordered tungsten planes were parallel to the specimen face at the edge of the thinned hole, a plate or micalike structure would be expected. A typical result of this polishing is shown in Fig. 2. Here a series of plates can be seen lying one upon the other. In several other specimens the plates parallel to the electron beam have been observed, behaving like slices of bread in a loaf. These edge views coupled with moire patterns indicate that the minimum plate thickness is 37 to 42A. This is equivalent to a concentration of 455 at. ppm of W if a simple cubic superlat-tice exists, or one tungsten atom every twelve iron atoms on the ordered plane. It was further noted that the base iron exhibited no signs of platelike structure. As the concentrations increased above 100 at. ppm W the amount of plate material increased. Among the specimens investigated was that shown

Jan 1, 1967

By Kent E. McElhattan

Selecting efficient machinery for an underground mining operation is a highly skilled art that still depends largely on human judgment and experience. In a coal mine, for example, there is no better way to predict the results of operating with a cutting machine or a continuous miner than to go underground with a sharp-pointed miner's pick. The trained eye can detect the depth of point penetration, cleavage planes, roof and floor strata, and many other conditions impossible to determine in a laboratory. Even so, however, an entirely new set of conditions may lie unexposed just a few feet behind the solid face. The candid truth of the matter is that practically nothing is known of the phenomenon of extracting a mineral from a solid. Consequently, the selection of mineral extraction machinery and systems must be based on results obtained elsewhere under apparently similar conditions. A recent study of the problem of equipment and system analysis was conducted in the coal mining regions of West Virginia. This state was chosen for study because it afforded representative sampling. The 172 coal mines investigated ecompassed seam heights ranging from less than 30 in. to over 84 in. and covered virtually all known coal mining conditions except two. The exceptions are the extreme pitch of coal seams in the western United States and British Columbia and the "bumps" encountered in the Rocky Mountains. Both of these extreme conditions are worthy of individual study.

Jan 7, 1969

By Richard H. Terhune

Slag and matte, in lead and copper smelting, are, for convenience of removal, tapped into pots of small capacity, usually of paraboloid form, of cast-iron, weighing 275 to 300 pounds, and holding the same weight of slag. As in many smelting districts one ton of ore makes a ton and a quarter of slag, a large number of pots is needed to equip an ordinary plant. Sudden and frequent expansion of the solid bowl causes the pots to crack at the bottom in a few months, and the matte, a very fluid sulpliide, enters these rough fissures and speedily corrodes its way through the vessel. 1 find, from one year of practice with a slag-

Jan 1, 1887

By J. L. Wyatt

THE strain sensitivity, K, a property of metals defined as the unit change in electrical resistance per unit strain, was measured for commercial purity titanium wire to determine its usefulness as a strain gage material. A Kelvin double bridge, accurate to 0.000001 ohm, was used to make measurements from 0 to 1 pct total strain. A positive value of 0.17 for K was found. This compares with 2.15 for constantan and 3.5 for cold-worked invar, two of the more common strain gage materials. The effect of temperature also was determined. It was found that a change in temperature of 30°F caused the same resistance change as 1 pct strain. It is therefore concluded that titanium would have utility as a strain gage only if the thermal fluctuations in the specimen could be controlled to a high degree and in applications of very large total strain.

Jan 1, 1953

By O. C. Ralston, F. Fraas

VIRTUALLY all commercial use of electrostatic separation has employed separators depending on differences of conductance of the broken, solid mixtures treated by them. The two main types of conductance separators have been: (1) Those in which the separating field is as near a static field between two charged electrodes as it is possible to maintain in the face of the usual leakage that takes place between electrodes with some 5 to 50 kv tension between them and spacing of 1/2 to 3 in.; (2) those in which a convective discharge of corona or spray type, but not a spark discharge, takes place between the carrier electrode and a charged electrode facing it, which is of very restricted area, such as a row of needle points or a small diameter wire parallel to the face of the carrier electrode. The present paper deals with this latter type. The principle is usable in separators where the carrier electrode, usually grounded, has the shape of a roller, a conveyor belt, a vibrating table, a sloping chute, or a nearly vertical plate. The innovation studied by us has been the use of the convective field for charging material on the carrier electrode and succeeded by a field between the carrier electrode and an electrode made of a true dielectric which cannot take on a charge by conduction but is charged by being in the radius of the corona discharge. The acquired charge is of the same sign as that of the corona but is not dischargable by contact with a good conductor. However, high-tension charge tends to leak off because of the ionization of the ambient air. The field between this electrode and the carrier electrode is as near static as it is possible to obtain. There are some differences in behavior of this electrode and that of the gas tube electrode used by Sutton, as will be discussed below. Both electrodes cause increased adhesion of nonconductive particles to the carrier roll. The particles are pinned there because they are convectively charged on their outer surfaces facing the corona electrode. The electrodes also cause increased rate of release of conductive particles tending to be pinned by corona charging but conveying the charge to the grounded carrier roll almost as rapidly as it is received by the particles. The sign of the potential on the corona-emitting electrode makes little difference in the separation. An electrode usually emits negative corona somewhat more easily than it emits positive corona, as electrons are then the fundamental particles emitted. With a positive electrode the flow of electrons involved in positive corona discharge is onto the electrode from the ambient gas. Theory In the separator illustrated in fig. 1, the nonioniz-ing electrode is a rotating, nonconductive dielectric cylinder designated as B. The ions emitted by the corona electrode, or wire F, charge both the particles on the carrier electrode, or roll A, and the surface of the dielectric electrode B. Whereas the space between roll A and wire F contains ions, the space between electrode B and roll A is a pure static field free of ions. The dielectric electrode has been described by Bullock.1 However, the corona electrode, which Bullock uses for the purpose of charging only the dielectric electrode, is adapted here to also charge the particles on the carrier roll. In operation the ionic field from the corona electrode is balanced with the static field from the dielectric electrode. The ionic field charges the particle so that it adheres to the roll. The static field intensifies the discharge of the corona charge by interfacial conduction and permits the release of the particle. The ionic and static fields therefore have opposing effects.2 The values of both fields are adjusted so that the poor conductor will adhere and the good conductor will be released.

Jan 1, 1951

By O. C. Ralston, F. Fraas

VIRTUALLY all commercial use of electrostatic separation has employed separators depending on differences of conductance of the broken, solid mixtures treated by them. The two main types of conductance separators have been: (1) Those in which the separating field is as near a static field between two charged electrodes as it is possible to maintain in the face of the usual leakage that takes place between electrodes with some 5 to 50 kv tension between them and spacing of 1/2 to 3 in.; (2) those in which a convective discharge of corona or spray type, but not a spark discharge, takes place between the carrier electrode and a charged electrode facing it, which is of very restricted area, such as a row of needle points or a small diameter wire parallel to the face of the carrier electrode. The present paper deals with this latter type. The principle is usable in separators where the carrier electrode, usually grounded, has the shape of a roller, a conveyor belt, a vibrating table, a sloping chute, or a nearly vertical plate. The innovation studied by us has been the use of the convective field for charging material on the carrier electrode and succeeded by a field between the carrier electrode and an electrode made of a true dielectric which cannot take on a charge by conduction but is charged by being in the radius of the corona discharge. The acquired charge is of the same sign as that of the corona but is not dischargable by contact with a good conductor. However, high-tension charge tends to leak off because of the ionization of the ambient air. The field between this electrode and the carrier electrode is as near static as it is possible to obtain. There are some differences in behavior of this electrode and that of the gas tube electrode used by Sutton, as will be discussed below. Both electrodes cause increased adhesion of nonconductive particles to the carrier roll. The particles are pinned there because they are convectively charged on their outer surfaces facing the corona electrode. The electrodes also cause increased rate of release of conductive particles tending to be pinned by corona charging but conveying the charge to the grounded carrier roll almost as rapidly as it is received by the particles. The sign of the potential on the corona-emitting electrode makes little difference in the separation. An electrode usually emits negative corona somewhat more easily than it emits positive corona, as electrons are then the fundamental particles emitted. With a positive electrode the flow of electrons involved in positive corona discharge is onto the electrode from the ambient gas. Theory In the separator illustrated in fig. 1, the nonioniz-ing electrode is a rotating, nonconductive dielectric cylinder designated as B. The ions emitted by the corona electrode, or wire F, charge both the particles on the carrier electrode, or roll A, and the surface of the dielectric electrode B. Whereas the space between roll A and wire F contains ions, the space between electrode B and roll A is a pure static field free of ions. The dielectric electrode has been described by Bullock.1 However, the corona electrode, which Bullock uses for the purpose of charging only the dielectric electrode, is adapted here to also charge the particles on the carrier roll. In operation the ionic field from the corona electrode is balanced with the static field from the dielectric electrode. The ionic field charges the particle so that it adheres to the roll. The static field intensifies the discharge of the corona charge by interfacial conduction and permits the release of the particle. The ionic and static fields therefore have opposing effects.2 The values of both fields are adjusted so that the poor conductor will adhere and the good conductor will be released.

Jan 1, 1951

By Bruce A. Kennedy

In recent months, public hearings held by the Senate Subcommittee on Minerals, Materials and Fuels on the Stillwater copper-nickel complex in Montana have been reviewed at great length in the press. Although the meetings were well managed by the Subcommittee and questioning was kept in line with the aim of the hearings-namely, how can re- sources be developed in a manner compatible with the preservation of the environment-it was alarming to read the apparently uninformed and questionable arguments presented by some witnesses who were attempting to prohibit mining in the area altogether. One spokesman even went so far as to urge that mining of the area be rejected be- cause, even if the mining operation did not pollute the areas, the effluent and waste produced by the people themselves could constitute a hazard to the environment and to themselves. This, of course, would be true to a point. However, if this or similar types of reasoning were used to reject mining of a large number of orebodies in the future, how is the United States going to meet its future mineral demands and what effect could this have on the economic strength of the country? Fall of the Roman Empire An interesting article in a recent issue of Time magazine came up with a new theory to explain the fall of the Roman Empire. Claire Patterson of CalTec, during a recent study of air pollution, investigated the historical worldwide distribution of lead. As lead was a by-product obtained from silver mining during historical times, he turned his attention to studying the production of silver during those eras. He discovered a very interesting fact-that, I unless the stock of metal is continually being replenished from the mines, accidental loss diminishes a country's stockpile of silver at a rapid rate, as much as 2 per cent per year. Patterson, a geochemist, theorized that with an accidental loss rate of 2 per cent per year, if the country's silver supply dried up, the entire existing stockpile could disappear in about a century.

Jan 1, 1971

By G. A. Guess

THIS investigation was started with the idea of determining whether copper-nickel mattes might not have a lower flowing temperature than copper mattes, and thus perhaps aid in accounting for the difficulty so far experienced in attempts at pyritically smelting copper-nickel ores. We have used the term flowing temperature to avoid confusion with the usual melting temperature. The idea at first was that there might be a greater viscosity range in the one matte than in the other. In the early experiments it was in our minds to determine the relative fluidity of the mattes at a given temperature. Looking to this end we tried pouring equal quantities of matte at the same temperature down an inclined graphite slab, and comparing the distances traveled. Results from such experiments were not satisfactory. We next tried pouring equal quantities at the same temperature through a drilled hole in an Acheson graphite crucible, timing the flow with a stop watch, the whole operation being carried out in the muffle. The flowing temperatures of the mattes tried in this way appeared to be about the same, and there was no marked difference in their fluidity when well fused. Oxidation gave some trouble. These experiments finally led to the adoption of the following apparatus which we thought at the time was wholly original with us, but which we have since found was described by W. McA. Johnson.' The tray used was a slab of graphite 8 in. long, 2 in. wide and ¼ in. thick. It had six holes, into each of which sat a cup of Acheson graphite. Centrally in the bottom of each cup was a vertically drilled hole 3/16 in. in diameter and ½ in. long. The mattes to be tested were put into the cups, in a solid piece. The cups were covered with inverted Battersea "A" cups. The tray was put into the muffle of a gas-fired furnace. Supports on .each end held the tray about 2 in. from the floor of the muffle. Udder

Jan 6, 1916

By J. W. Dougherty, J. M. Douglas

THE Hollinger gold mine is in the Porcupine mining division, District of Cochrane, in the northern part of the Province of Ontario. The adjacent town of Timmins, with a population of 25,119, lies 490 miles by railway north of the city of Toronto. GEOLOGY The property is situated on the northwest limb of a major syncline, which pitches northeast at approximately 50°. The principal rocks of the Hollinger area are of pre-Cambrian age and consist of altered, schistose, Keewatin lava flows intruded by stocks of schistose, quartzfeldspar porphyry generally assigned to the Algoman period. The structure of the Keewatin series is extremely complex as a result of close folding and some faulting. The schistosity, trending north 70° east and dipping steeply to the southeast, is most highly developed along a subsidiary anticline in which the major porphyry bodies occur. The ore bodies, which exhibit three principal structures, consist of quartz veins and associated pyritized wall rock. Some lodes are composed of en echelon veins, others exhibit a main quartz body with branching stringers and a third consists of a single definite lead. Gold, in a coarse visible form, may be confined to quartz in some ore bodies but in others it is finely divided and is found not only in quartz but also associated with pyrite in the adjacent wall rock. In many veins the distribution of gold is such that there are several ore sections, separated by areas of low-grade material, in the same vein although its physical appearance remains unchanged. The veins form a very complex pattern in an ore zone which in places attains a length of 6000 ft. and a width of 4000 ft. They are most abundant in the Keewatin lavas in the neighborhood of the porphyry bodies. Few of the veins are persistent for long distances, though some

Jan 1, 1940

By Albert R. Ledoux

With the improvements in design and efficiency of machinery the element of danger in its use is becoming less, but it is a question whether the strain involved in operating modern plants is not increasing somewhat the danger of accident due to human fallibility. I propose to describe a somewhat uncommon casualty resulting from a not infrequent incident in the use of air-compressors. It is not necessary to state the location of the mine in which the accident occurred nor the makers of the compreseor, and the object of this brief paper is more to draw out suggestions from members more familiar than am I with the practical handling of mining machinery, than to point a moral. The compressor in question was a three-drill machine of standard make. At the time of the accident it was furnishing air to a single drill working in an upraise from a well-ventilated tunnel, and giving ventilation to a winze below the tnnnel where two men were hand-drilling. The compressor also furnished power to a small hoist in the winze, but the hoist was only operated occasionally, and never while the drills were working. The drills were located about 1200 ft. from the compressor. The engineer testified that he never had been short of air, and that there had been no complaillts that the

Jan 1, 1904

By Gilbert Soler

THIS year's Chairman of the Iron and Steel Division is a noted member of a small and select group of practical scientists now working in this country and in Canada to improve the production and properties and to reduce the cost of super-quality carbon and alloy steels; he is one of those all-important leavening agents-a man with his feet always on the ground but capable of putting his head into the clouds on occasion-that are so necessary in applying science sensibly to the practical problems of steel production. He is equally at home in a discussion of the free energy of deoxidizing reactions or the entropy of the formation of stable sulphides, and in a consideration of the relative advantages of the basic-electric and the open-hearth furnace for the production of rimming steels in the Detroit area. Gilbert Soler was born of American parents in Havana, Cuba, just forty years ago. He graduated as a ceramic engineer from Ohio State University in 1930 and received a Master of Science degree a year later. In 1940 he received the degree of metallurgical engineer from the same institution.

Jan 1, 1948

By AIME AIME

WINFIELD SCOTT MORRIS, known from Coast to Coast within the petroleum industry as "Buck" Morris, is and has been for several years an outstanding man in the Petroleum Division of the A.IM.E., so it is most natural to have him as the Chairman of the Division. "Buck" has been such a vociferous promoter of everything TEXAS that most of his friends believe him to be a "Longhorn" by birth-but the records show he was born at Wilmington, N. C., on July 29, 1901. He worked his way through college and graduated from the University of North Carolina in 1924 with a B.S., followed by a C.E. in 1927. His graduation thesis was entitled "De¬sign of a Modern Oil Refinery."

Jan 1, 1944