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Jan 1, 1897

Cyanidation and Concentration of Gold and Silver Ores. By J. V. N. Dorr and Francis L. Bosqui. Second edition, completely revised. Mc-Graw-Hill Book Co., New York. $8.50.-First issued 13 years ago, this book has become a milestone in the literature of mining and metallurgy. Mr. Dorr, with the assistance of F. L. Bosqui, has completely revised the book. Its comprehensive picture of ore dressing and hydrometallurgical methods are of importance to mining engineers and operators throughout the entire field. Operating data and methods, flowsheets, testing procedures, and many miscellaneous methods of extracting bullion are given. The book is divided into two sections, the first discussing principal unit processes involved in gold and silver recovery, and the second describing with flow diagrams a number of typical treatment plants selected from the more important gold and silver mining areas in various parts of the world. International Conference on Coal Preparation in Paris. English Language edition of transactions.-The transactions of the recent conference in Paris will be presented in the form of 6 issues of the revue de l'Industrie Minerale, and may be purchased for 3000 francs per set. About 60 papers were presented at the meeting, covering a wide range of interesting subjects. Ad- dress subscriptions to: Secretariat de la Societe de l'Industrie Minerale, 19 rue du Grand-Moulin, Saint-Etienne (Loire) France.

Jan 1, 1951

By Martin F. Milligan

THIS short discussion of the effects of deoxidation on the mechanical properties of cast steels is intended to serve as general introduction to the subject of this afternoon's session. The subject is covered in detail in Mr. Carter's excellent paper. My material has been collected from the works of various investigators, several of whom are present today. For a definition of deoxidation, as applied to steel-furnace melting practice, we can best go to Briggs' book, "The Metallurgy of Steel Castings." Briggs says that deoxidation "includes all the phenomena in the final preparation of steel that would permit it to solidify free from gas cavities and from dissolved oxygen of all kinds." Various practices are used by welters to produce these end results.

Jan 1, 1947

A national budget system, which engineers have long regarded as essential to the proper conduct of our fiscal affairs is at last being seriously considered by. Congress and seems likely to be adopted in some form. Several, bills and joint resolutions have already- been introduced but the measure that seems how to attract the 'most attention is H. R. 1201 introduced by. Representative Good, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations. This ,bill provides for the creation of a Bureau of the Budget in the office of the President, to which full information shall be furnished by all Departments and other Governmental agencies concerning powers, duties, financial transactions, business method's, etc. A change, is made in the fiscal regulations in that the Departments shall hereafter submit their fiscal estimates to the President instead of to the Secretary of the Treasury, while the latter official shall submit estimates of the public revenues and the condition of the Treasury. Two budgets are, provided for:, The first, or regular, budget shall contain a balanced statement of the resources and liabilities of the Government and the revenues and expenditures, actual or estimated as the case may be, for the preceding, current, and ensuing fiscal years. The President is further, authorized to submit his recommendations as' to how the heeds of the Government should be met, and such further data regarding the financial affairs of the, Government as he deems proper. The second or alternative budget shall make known the essential facts regarding the condition of the Treasury and what, in the opinion of the President. are the revenue, and expenditure needs for the ensuing fiscal year, to be prepared in such form as the President shall deem most appropriate. The bill' abolishes-the offices. of Comptroller of the Treasury and all -the Auditors for the several Departments, and substitutes therefore an Accounting Department, an establishment independent of the Executive Departments, under the direction of newly created officer to be known as the "Comptroller General of the United States" whose powers shall comprise all those now conferred on the Comptroller of the Treasury and the several Auditors and, in addition thereto, the investigation at the seat of Government or elsewhere of all matters relating to the receipt or disbursement of public funds, concerning which report shall be made to Congress at the beginning of each regular session, containing recommendations concerning the legislation deemed necessary to the accurate rendition and settlement of accounts.

Jan 8, 1919

The following letter was received from Prof. Kemp in reply to a telegram expressing the greetings of the members attending the Annual Meeting in New York. "Melbourne Beach, Fla. Feb. 17, 1916. Dear Mr. Stoughton: The welcome telgram from the members of the Institute, which you kindly trans-mitted to me, came safely yesterday and I catch the next available mail with a heart-felt acknowledgment. I cannot express to you how greatly the remembrance cheers and braces me during the days of patient waiting for the feeling of over-strain to fully pass, and for the time when I can again be back among the friends in the Institute who are very clear to me. While I cannot reach all the members who joined in the telegram I will ask you to say to such as are available that I am profoundly sensible of the thoughtfulness which prompted the message. I write from a little bungalow on the ocean. side of the half mile or more of sand dunes, thickly grown with palmetto, which separate the ocean from the Indian River. Two miles or more of Indian River still intervene between the little colony of Melbourne Beach and Melbourne on the mainland and on the Florida East Coast R. R. where the telegraph station is. I was thus unable to respond at once by wire. Sincerely yours, (Signed) J. F. Kemp."

Jan 4, 1916

Book Review Mexico, TODAY AND Tomorrow. By E. D. Trowbridge, Detroit. The McMillan Co., New York, 1919, 353 pp., 7;2 X 5 in. $2.00. The first eight chapters are devoted to an historical narrative of the Mexican peoples from the earliest times to the close of the war with the United States in 1345. "In dealing with events antedating what may be termed modern Mexico" the author has "made no attempt at original research, and so far as concerns anything prior to 1900, the work here presented is a repetition, a reflection, of the findings of opinions of Fiske, Prescott, Bancroft, Luis Perez Verdia and other authorities." The remainder of the hook deals with Mexico during and since the Diaz regime. It is interesting throughout but is not always convincing or consistent. Social conditions are described in a way illuminating and possible only to one who is familiar with the peon and his hitherto seemingly hopeless position in reference to the wage system and church oppression. In fact, the author makes the hold accusation that the "primitive rather than immoral" condition of the peons in the matter of their marital relations is due to the disregard of the church for their welfare and capabilities. The true accounts of the Madero revolution and the Huerta regime read like fascinating medieval fiction. The reason given for men remaining in the Madero army is still the controlling one regarding any of the armies there. "They had horses, arms, all the food they wanted, money to spend and no work." The discussion of Mexican financial schemes is wholly from the Carranza viewpoint. To meet a monthly deficit of ten million pesos the author says "the government forced loans from the National Bank, and Bank of London and Mexico, and repeated the operation several times, finally practically exhausting their bullion and cash reserves. Hostile foreigners refer to this operation as the looting of the hanks! Drastic as this action was, there was good ground on which to justify it." However, that necessity knows no law is never an acceptable tenet except to him who applies the screws. The discussion of the economic problems and their solution is rather chimerical and presupposes a civil and national virtue in the present government not discernible except to one ultra friendly. The book is an interesting exposition of the very much involved situation from the viewpoint of approval of both the Carranza government and the attitude of the United States in its dealings with him. The editing of the book leaves something to he desired. P. E. B.

Jan 9, 1919

The Library of the above-named Societies is open from 9 A.M. to 10 P.M., except on holidays. It contains about 70,000 volumes and 90,000 pamphlets, including sets of technical periodicals and the publications of scientific and technical societies. Members of the Institute, with few exceptions, are forced to spend a portion of their time in localities isolated from sources of information. To these the Library, through its Library Service Bureau, can render valuable service through correspondence; letters requesting information will receive especial attention. The Library is prepared to furnish references and photographic copies of articles on mining and metallurgical subjects; to determine the existence of mining maps, and to furnish general information on the geology and mineral resources of all countries. All communications should be made as definite as possible so that the information received may be what is desired and not include collateral matter which may not be of interest. The time spent in searching for such collateral matter will be saved, and the information will be sent more promptly and in more usable shape.

Jan 12, 1916

By J. T. Norton, A. L. Mowry

The monocarbides of the A subgroup elements in the fourth and fifth group of the periodic table in addition to being hard and refractory are of special interest in that they are isomorphous in crystalline structure. They are cubic with a sodium chloride type structure in which the metal atoms are essentially close packed in a face-centered cubic arrangement with the carbon atoms placed in the interstices between. Interstitial structures of this close packed type were first investigated systematically by Egg1 and he gave the rule for their formation, stating that the radius ratio of the nonmetal to the metal atom should not exceed the value of 0.59. The carbides of interest are those of titanium and zirconium of the fourth group and vanadium, columbium and tantalum of the fifth group. Table 1 shows the radius ratio using the Goldschmidt radii for 12 coordination for the metal atoms and the diamond radius for the carbon atom. It will be noted that while there is considerable variation in the size of the metal atom, in all cases the ratio is smaller than the limit of 0.59 placed by Hägg. It has been known for some time that these cubic carbides are soluble in one another, at least to some extent or, in other words, the metal atoms can be replaced, one by another without destroying the stability of the structure. Since the stability of these close packed interstitial substances appears to depend more upon geometry than upon the exact chemical nature of the atoms involved, it is of interest to examine the possibilities of replacement in these carbides in some detail. Hume-Rothery2 has pointed out the importance of the difference in size of solute and solvent atom as a factor in limiting the solubility in simple binary solid solutions. Largely on an empirical basis, he states that if the difference in size between solvent and solute atom is more than 14-15 pct of the solvent atom, the range of solubility is very restricted. The atom size was based on the distance of closest approach in the elements involved. While there is some question as to how one should calculate the size of the metal atom in the carbide structures, reference to Table 1 will show that zirconium is the largest and vanadium the smallest of the group and that the difference is about 15 pct. The Ti-Zr difference is about 9 pct and the others are smaller. Thus one would predict that if the size factor controls the solubility, all of the pairs except VC-ZrC would have wide or complete solubility whereas this latter pair is on the border line and might have restricted solubility. The purpose of the present investi- gation was to examine the solubility of the several pairs of carbides by heating them together until equilibrium was established and then examining the product by X rays. Previous Work Agte3 and his associates prepared various transition metal carbides and determined the melting points of binary mixtures. He concluded from the shapes of the melting point curves that there was extensive solubility in the case of the cubic carbides. Umanskii and his colleagues made an investigation of a number of pairs of the cubic carbides, using X rays and plotted lattice parameter vs. composition curves for the systems TaC-Tic, CbC-Tic, TaC-ZrC and CbC-ZrC. All pairs showed a continuous series of solid solutions. The first two pairs gave a linear relation while the latter two showed a negative deviation from Vegard's law. Kiefer and Nowotny, in a paper which became available after the present work was well advanced, investigated the binary pairs of the five cubic carbides by means of X rays. Relatively few points were obtained and results indicated that in some cases, at least, equilibrium was not reached at the temperatures used. The results indicated that solubility in the VC-ZrC system was not complete. All of the results of previous investigations indicated the desirability of a more detailed study. Materials The raw materials used were mono-carbides of titanium, zirconium, vanadium, columbium and tantalum and were the purest which could readily be obtained commercially. Spectrographic qualitative analysis showed that the CbC and TaC contained less than 1 pct

Jan 1, 1950

Jan 1, 1936

By Milnor Roberts

The Nicola Valley coal-field is small, but it seems likely to become important because of its commanding position in a rich region that is developing rapidly. Bituminous coking-coal in workable quantity has not been found at any other point between the Crow's Nest Pass region, about 400 miles to the east, and Vancouver island, 250 miles westward. The Canadian Pacific railway reached the Nicola valley two years ago ; two other lines, the Canadian Northern and the Great Northern, are building towards the valley. The vast region between the Rocky mountains and the Pacific coast, extending northward for several hundred miles from the international boundary, which has been the scene of extensive mining- and smelting-operations for many years, is filling up with settlers, who are attracted by the wealth of minerals and timber, the rich soil of the valleys, and the fine climate. The Nicola river, flowing westward through the valley of that name in the Yale district, discharges into the Thompson river, which is the eastern branch of the Fraser. The transcontinental line of the Canadian Pacific railway crosses the mouth of the Nicola river at Spence's bridge, 178 miles from Vancouver. From Spence's bridge the Nicola branch line ascends the valley for 40 miles to Merritt, the coal-center, and continues 7 miles farther to the town of Nicola. Thus the haul from the mines at an elevatioiz of 2,000 ft. to salt water is 218 miles down river-grades. The Nicola branch will be continued about 150 miles farther eastward to Penticton, where it will connect with an extension of the line through the rich Kootenay and Boundary districts. The Canadian government has granted a subsidy of $6,000 per mile, to which the provincial government is planning to add $5,000 per mile, to assist in the construction of the Nicola extension. Upon the

Jan 1, 1910

By A. M. McQueen

Activity in the oil industry in Peru was somewhat above normal in 1928. Probably the most significant feature was the interest displayed in the oriental region in the northeast part of the country (Fig. 1). This region, though little known, has long been considered potentially rich in oil! gold, coal and other minerals, lacking only transportation to make it the country's most valuable source of income. The Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey, through its recently formed subsidiary the Standard Oil Co. of Peru, has acquired various tracts along the Maranon and Ucayali rivers in the neighborhood of the Brazilian border. Standard Oil Co. interests have had geological and surveying parties in this part of Peru since 1921, and as a result of the work done, we understand they have under lease at the present time some 2,500,000 acres of prospective oil lands. Development in the coastal region continued along normal lines during the past year. Production figures for both the International Petroleum Co. and Lobitos Oilfields show a small increase over the last few years. Total production figures since 1924 for the International Petroleum, Lobitos Oilfields and Zorritos companies, only in a minor degree estimated, are as follows: 1924, 7,924,700 bbl.; 1925, 9,138,042 bbl.; 1926, 10,750,676 bbl.; 1927, 10,110,696 bbl., and 1928, 11,969,677 barrels. International Petroleum Co., Ltd. Operations on the La Brea-Parinas Estate during 1928 continued with satisfactory results; nearly all branches showing improvement over the previous year. The average daily production for 1928 was 25,966 bbl., compared with 21,282 bbl. for 1927, an increase of 22 per cent. During the last two or three years, production methods on the company's property have been improved in line with the advance in scientific technique throughout the oil fields of the United States. Extensive investments were made in compressor equipment for handling surplus gas with the result that the gas-lift and repressuring operations are in no small way responsible for the increase in the 1928 production. In addition, the company's three casinghead plants produced 24,847,708 gal. of gasoline compared with 17,240,865 gal. in the previous year.

Jan 1, 1929

By B. Trenary, D. D. McNaughton, C. D. Baer

High capacity off-highway haulage trucks equipped with electric wheel drives have been available for commercial applications since 1963 and, although still interesting to study, cannot be considered as a "new" type of equipment any longer. However, the electric wheel drive components which played a key role in the development of these trucks has indirectly led to another new trucking development-the gas turbine engine for off -highway vehicles. Although most of the production models of the electric-wheel haulage trucks are equipped with 700 hp engines (the largest production engine commonly available), the electric drive components of the motorized wheel were designed to transmit more than 700 hp. To utilize this added potential, 1000-hp class diesel engines are in the process of being developed, but progress has been much slower than expected. The delay has caused some engineering thoughts to concentrate on the adaptation of the 1000-hp gas turbine engines, originally designed for aircraft applications, for use in haulage trucks. The question in most minds centered around the ability of such an engine to withstand the tough usage expected of it in an open pit.

Jan 5, 1967

During the year Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1916, 962 applications for member-ship in the Institute were received, as compared to 558 during the corresponding period in 1915. The lines along which the Committee has, worked during the year, group themselves under seven principal heads. Large Companies.-Early in the year a letter was addressed to each member of the Institute who is the executive head of an organization, pointing out to him the advantages that would accrue to that organization through having as many of its subordinate members as were qualified participating in the activities of the Institute. This was followed by a second letter to those who made no reply to the first. The response to these letters was very gratifying, 12 new members having been secured at a single plant, and smaller numbers at others. This was effectively supplemented by our President, who wrote the executive heads of some of the largest mining and smelting companies, pointing out to them the advantage to be derived from sending some of the junior members of their staff to attend the Arizona Meeting. One organization sent 24 of its younger men, many of whom were not members of the Institute, but who, subsequently sent in applications for membership. It is to be hoped that the precedent thus set' will be acted 'on in -fuller measure in succeeding years.

Jan 2, 1917

Jan 1, 1936

By M. D. Cooper

UNDERGRADUATES in mining engineering may be prepared for work by giving them sound instruction in the courses generally considered essential to the profession. The industry is not deeply concerned about the details of those courses. The average man in the coal industry does not wish to insist upon a rigid program. Therefore, he differs little from those in the teaching profession who evidently are not unanimous in their opinions, or all college catalogs would be alike. For the good of the profession, it is just as well that there should be differences in regard to details. It appears that students graduating in mining engineering from the accredited institutions receive similar instruction. It is taken for granted that the graduate will have a good understanding of English, mathematics, mechanics, electricity, chemistry, physics, geology, and surveying, in addition to his major courses in mining. Somewhat belatedly, industry hopes he will have had at least an introduction to the subject of labor relations, the importance of which is only too clear at present. The coal industry expects, of course, that students in mining engineering will be taught the strictly mining subjects by men who have had practical experience in the mines and who keep themselves well informed in regard to current methods. While the undergraduate is subject to the control of members of the teaching profession, industry expects him to be trained in certain ways that are not a part of his textbooks, but can be made an inseparable part of his development by the skillful supervision of his teachers. Of the desired characteristics, dependability is of the utmost importance. Probably most employers would overlook certain short-comings if the young graduate demonstrated that he was thoroughly dependable. If he always appeared at the right place at the right time with the proper equipment, he would soon be well established as a welcome member of his organization. The graduate who gets a reputation for being undependable will have little opportunity for advancement. Closely allied to dependability is loyalty. Athletic teams and social groups in college tend to develop loyalty which may well be carried over into industry. This does not mean that the graduate has to be satisfied with customary practices. The average manager is glad to see the graduate make constructive criticism as long as he demonstrates his loyalty at the same time. It is important that his loyalty keeps him alert arid ready to take helpful action for the benefit of his organization, and especially to stand with it during times of stress. With or without an introduction to labor relations in college, the graduate is expected to develop ability in this most important field. Beginning with himself, he will find it essential to deal agreeably with his immediate associates. Getting along in friendly fashion with his own small group will be a great help as his responsibilities increase and he is required to deal with larger numbers of persons. On a higher scale, his interest in his community may grow at the same time by voluntary work in any one of a great number of useful activities. Industry expects the graduate engineer to be a mature man at the time he gets his first job. Supposing that he has better than average intelligence, industry expects him to continue to grow intellectually and to fit himself for responsible jobs when they are offered to him. For this reason, employers are apt to look over his college record to see what he did that would indicate his fitness for leadership. There is interest in knowing what he did beyond the requirements. As evidence of his mental growth, it is expected that the graduate will do independent thinking; that he will not take too much for granted. When he reads a report, he should develop the ability to see whether the subject is new or whether it is just a description of an old method that has been superseded by something better. For the same reason, the graduate should be able to accept conditions that have been arrived at by sound experience rather than cling to something else that seems better in theory. In this connection, it may be remarked that the ability to operate successfully a personal budget will be noteworthy, as it may be assumed that a man who knows how to conduct his own affairs will be prepared to assume the larger responsibilities of industry. Membership in AIME will indicate to the employer that the graduate is interested in the mining industry as a whole. Therefore, it is good evidence of something more than a local outlook. Quite apart from college training and mental ability, the newly employed graduate will be expected to be willing to do hard manual labor for a time. This will give him an understanding of the actual conditions of work done by those he supervises later. He will gain their confidence and be able to see that the work is carried on in a safe and efficient manner. Part of this experience may be acquired in his summer vacations during his undergraduate career. Such work would make a favorable impression on a prospective employer, especially if the graduate showed a willingness to continue it until he was prepared for something better. To summarize, the man in authority in the coal industry will not quarrel with the professor of mining engineering over details of curriculum. He will be pleased if the school sends him graduates who possess a good foundation in the courses studied, and who may be depended upon to do their work faithfully and intelligently. Such men will be ready when the time comes to assume their places as leaders of an essential industry.

Jan 1, 1951

By M. D. Cooper

UNDERGRADUATES in mining engineering may be prepared for work by giving them sound instruction in the courses generally considered essential to the profession. The industry is not deeply concerned about the details of those courses. The average man in the coal industry does not wish to insist upon a rigid program. Therefore, he differs little from those in the teaching profession who evidently are not unanimous in their opinions, or all college catalogs would be alike. For the good of the profession, it is just as well that there should be differences in regard to details. It appears that students graduating in mining engineering from the accredited institutions receive similar instruction. It is taken for granted that the graduate will have a good understanding of English, mathematics, mechanics, electricity, chemistry, physics, geology, and surveying, in addition to his major courses in mining. Somewhat belatedly, industry hopes he will have had at least an introduction to the subject of labor relations, the importance of which is only too clear at present. The coal industry expects, of course, that students in mining engineering will be taught the strictly mining subjects by men who have had practical experience in the mines and who keep themselves well informed in regard to current methods. While the undergraduate is subject to the control of members of the teaching profession, industry expects him to be trained in certain ways that are not a part of his textbooks, but can be made an inseparable part of his development by the skillful supervision of his teachers. Of the desired characteristics, dependability is of the utmost importance. Probably most employers would overlook certain short-comings if the young graduate demonstrated that he was thoroughly dependable. If he always appeared at the right place at the right time with the proper equipment, he would soon be well established as a welcome member of his organization. The graduate who gets a reputation for being undependable will have little opportunity for advancement. Closely allied to dependability is loyalty. Athletic teams and social groups in college tend to develop loyalty which may well be carried over into industry. This does not mean that the graduate has to be satisfied with customary practices. The average manager is glad to see the graduate make constructive criticism as long as he demonstrates his loyalty at the same time. It is important that his loyalty keeps him alert arid ready to take helpful action for the benefit of his organization, and especially to stand with it during times of stress. With or without an introduction to labor relations in college, the graduate is expected to develop ability in this most important field. Beginning with himself, he will find it essential to deal agreeably with his immediate associates. Getting along in friendly fashion with his own small group will be a great help as his responsibilities increase and he is required to deal with larger numbers of persons. On a higher scale, his interest in his community may grow at the same time by voluntary work in any one of a great number of useful activities. Industry expects the graduate engineer to be a mature man at the time he gets his first job. Supposing that he has better than average intelligence, industry expects him to continue to grow intellectually and to fit himself for responsible jobs when they are offered to him. For this reason, employers are apt to look over his college record to see what he did that would indicate his fitness for leadership. There is interest in knowing what he did beyond the requirements. As evidence of his mental growth, it is expected that the graduate will do independent thinking; that he will not take too much for granted. When he reads a report, he should develop the ability to see whether the subject is new or whether it is just a description of an old method that has been superseded by something better. For the same reason, the graduate should be able to accept conditions that have been arrived at by sound experience rather than cling to something else that seems better in theory. In this connection, it may be remarked that the ability to operate successfully a personal budget will be noteworthy, as it may be assumed that a man who knows how to conduct his own affairs will be prepared to assume the larger responsibilities of industry. Membership in AIME will indicate to the employer that the graduate is interested in the mining industry as a whole. Therefore, it is good evidence of something more than a local outlook. Quite apart from college training and mental ability, the newly employed graduate will be expected to be willing to do hard manual labor for a time. This will give him an understanding of the actual conditions of work done by those he supervises later. He will gain their confidence and be able to see that the work is carried on in a safe and efficient manner. Part of this experience may be acquired in his summer vacations during his undergraduate career. Such work would make a favorable impression on a prospective employer, especially if the graduate showed a willingness to continue it until he was prepared for something better. To summarize, the man in authority in the coal industry will not quarrel with the professor of mining engineering over details of curriculum. He will be pleased if the school sends him graduates who possess a good foundation in the courses studied, and who may be depended upon to do their work faithfully and intelligently. Such men will be ready when the time comes to assume their places as leaders of an essential industry.

Jan 1, 1951

By J. R. Finlay

THE other day, I fell into conversation with two gentlemen who desired to improve the condition of the people; so that the talk was semi-political. They seemed to agree that I was inclined to be "con-servative," "reactionary," perhaps an "evolutionist," looking upon "reform" with suspicion. Finally I rejoined somewhat in this manner: "You attach to me phrases that I have heard all my life but which convey no meaning to me. It is quite true that I do not make a fetish of terms like reform, liberty, democracy and so forth; neither do I worship the idea that `things are good enough as they are,' `leave well enough. alone' and so forth. There is more satisfaction in building something up than in tearing something down, or in just maintaining something that is already built. Progress is a popular word; but what is progress? In my opinion it is comprised, so far as public welfare is concerned, of two elements: Improvements in production of goods and knowledge; improvements in keeping order." This substitute for politics, economics, reform, pro-gress, conservatism, radicalism, democracy, socialism, monarchism and all the phrases of public welfare may seem over-simple; perhaps it is, but at least it defines something. It seems to me to be at least worth attention.

Jan 4, 1922

By Kendall E. Born

Production of crude oil in Tennessee during 1942 was approximately 8600 bbl., a decrease of 6500 bbl. from the production of 1941, and the lowest since 1934. As usual, the greater part of the production was from the Mississippian limestone pools in Scott and Morgan Counties. Some half dozen wells in Fentress and Clay Counties pumped intermittently produced about 1000 barrels. Natural gas was marketed from wells in Morgan and Fentress Counties for consumption in the Sunbright and Jamestown areas respectively. Figures are not available for the Morgan County production but 7,378,000 cu. ft. of natural gas was produced in the Jamestown gas field from six wells. The production of oil by counties is shown in Table I. Developments Drilling activities reached the lowest ebb since 1933. Only 10 wells were spudded during the year, one of which was drilling on Dec. 31, 1942. Of the nine completions, two were gas wells in the proven area south of Jamestown in Fentress County and seven were dry holes. The total footage drilled during the year was 14,198 ft.; the average depth of wells was 1578 ft. The completions are listed in Table 2. The distribution of tests according to physiographic divisions is given in Table 3. East Tennessee.—One well was drilled to 4219 ft., the second deepest well in the state, in Campbell County. The test was in the highly disturbed Valley and Ridge Province, an area long considered the most unfavorable in the state for the accumulation of oil and gas. Cumberland Plateau.-—There were no completions in the Cumberland Plateau area, although an old well drilled deeper found oil from 935 to 965 ft. in the Mississippi lime. This test has created a considerable amount of interest in the area and an active leasing campaign was underway early in 1943. Eastern Highland Rim.—Five completions on the Eastern Highland Rim brought in two small gas wells in Fentress County, which will be used to augment the supply for Jamestown. The producing horizons are shaly limestones of Ordovician (Trenton) age. Two wells in this area were drilled to the upper part of the Knox dolomite group. The most significant test during the year was the Stanolind Oil and Gas Company's test in Putnam County. This well, on a well-defined surface structure, was abandoned in the upper Knox dolomite group at 2130 ft. A show of oil was logged in the Knox at 1653 to 1661 ft. Northern Highland Rim.—Three tests widely separated in the Northern Highland Rim were dry.

Jan 1, 1943

By Kendall E. Born

Production of crude oil in Tennessee during 1942 was approximately 8600 bbl., a decrease of 6500 bbl. from the production of 1941, and the lowest since 1934. As usual, the greater part of the production was from the Mississippian limestone pools in Scott and Morgan Counties. Some half dozen wells in Fentress and Clay Counties pumped intermittently produced about 1000 barrels. Natural gas was marketed from wells in Morgan and Fentress Counties for consumption in the Sunbright and Jamestown areas respectively. Figures are not available for the Morgan County production but 7,378,000 cu. ft. of natural gas was produced in the Jamestown gas field from six wells. The production of oil by counties is shown in Table I. Developments Drilling activities reached the lowest ebb since 1933. Only 10 wells were spudded during the year, one of which was drilling on Dec. 31, 1942. Of the nine completions, two were gas wells in the proven area south of Jamestown in Fentress County and seven were dry holes. The total footage drilled during the year was 14,198 ft.; the average depth of wells was 1578 ft. The completions are listed in Table 2. The distribution of tests according to physiographic divisions is given in Table 3. East Tennessee.—One well was drilled to 4219 ft., the second deepest well in the state, in Campbell County. The test was in the highly disturbed Valley and Ridge Province, an area long considered the most unfavorable in the state for the accumulation of oil and gas. Cumberland Plateau.-—There were no completions in the Cumberland Plateau area, although an old well drilled deeper found oil from 935 to 965 ft. in the Mississippi lime. This test has created a considerable amount of interest in the area and an active leasing campaign was underway early in 1943. Eastern Highland Rim.—Five completions on the Eastern Highland Rim brought in two small gas wells in Fentress County, which will be used to augment the supply for Jamestown. The producing horizons are shaly limestones of Ordovician (Trenton) age. Two wells in this area were drilled to the upper part of the Knox dolomite group. The most significant test during the year was the Stanolind Oil and Gas Company's test in Putnam County. This well, on a well-defined surface structure, was abandoned in the upper Knox dolomite group at 2130 ft. A show of oil was logged in the Knox at 1653 to 1661 ft. Northern Highland Rim.—Three tests widely separated in the Northern Highland Rim were dry.

Jan 1, 1943