Search Documents

By Thomas W. Smelser

A full-scale geotechnical model of a 15-foot (4.6 m) wide coal mine entry in correlation with computer finite-element analysis (FEA) is being employed at the Bureau of Mines Spokane Research Center for basic research on roof-bolt support systems. Physical and computer modeling of various coal mine roof-bolt reinforcement systems will increase our basic knowledge of how roof supports function. This information, in correlation with computer FEA and underground verification tests, will provide a basis for establishing safer, more cost- effective roof control plans and help establish guidelines for employing fully grouted and conventional bolting systems. The basic rationale for the research, research approach, methods and equipment employed, results to date, and future research plans are described in this paper.

Jan 1, 1982

By L. Yuan, J. Qin, J. Xie, Q. D. Qu, Y. P. Liang

"This paper presents key outcomes of a major Asia-Pacific Partnership project between the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation and Huainan Mining Industry Group Co. Ltd. to develop and demonstrate advanced technologies at Pansan mine, Huainan, China. A comprehensive approach assessed fundamental strata and coal seam methane conditions during mining and optimized mining sequences and coal mine methane capture systems. The project demonstrated a practical approach and procedures for advanced coal and methane co-extraction systems, improved mining safety and efficiency, increased methane capture and use, and reduced fugitive methane emissions.RÉSUMÉ Le présent article donne les principaux résultats d’un grand projet de partenariat Asie- Pacifique entre le CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) [Organisation de recherche scientifique et industrielle du Commonwealth australien] et le Huainan Mining Industry Group Co. Ltd.; ce projet cherche à développer et à démontrer des technologies avancées à la mine Pansan, à Huainan, en Chine. Une perspective globale a évalué les conditions fondamentales des strates et du méthane dans les couches de charbon durant l’exploitation et a optimisé les séquences d’extraction et les systèmes de captage du méthane dans les mines de charbon. Le projet a permis de démontrer une approche pratique et des procédures pour des systèmes avancés d’extraction conjointe du charbon et du méthane, pour améliorer la sécurité et l’efficacité minières, accroître le captage et l’utilisation du méthane et réduire les émissions fugitives de méthane."

Jan 1, 2015

By M. B. B. Research Council of Alberta Crockford

Introduction Kootenay strata of Lower Cretaceous age contain much of the highest rank coal produced in Alberta. These strata outcrop in the foothills and mountains of southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia, and the economic value of the coal seams contained in them was evident to the earliest explorers, who refer co them in their journals. Lacer, investigation of the .coal measures was undertaken by prospectors and by a succession of geologists, most of whom were in the employ of the Federal government, but some acted for private interests. Surveys by these men proved chat foothills and mountain regions hold immense quantities of high-grade coal within easy reach of transportation facilities, and their conclusions have accelerated the development of the coal-mining industry m Alberta. Among geologists who have contributed much to our knowledge of the region are J. M. Dawson, G. M. Dawson, R. C. McConnell, D. B. Dowling, J. D. Mackenzie, B. Rose, J. R. Marshall, B. Rose, J. R. Marshall, B. R. McKay, J. A. Allan, and J. L. Carr. The present paper is to a great extent a compilation of the work of the above men and of several others who have investigated the area lying between Bow river and Crowsnest pass. Space does not permit a list of all the sources of information so chat only chose of prime importance are given in the text. Data for the map and ?cross-sections of Figure 1 were taken from the following published maps of the Geological Survey of Canada: Cascade Coal Basin, Pub. 933; Canmore, Maps 322 and 323; Upper Elk River and Upper Highwood Rivers, Pub. l980; Blairmore, Pub. 1584; Southfork Coal Area Map l03A; and of the Research Council of Alberta: Highwood-Elbow Area, Map 20; and Ribbon Creek Area, Map 21. In some cases, the cross-sections have been simplified or otherwise altered, and for these revisions the writer cakes full responsibility. The stratigraphic sections of Figure 2 have been taken from published reports of the above mentioned organizations. The area covered in this paper is shown in Figure l. It is wholly within Alberta, and reaches from township 5 to township 27 and from range 1 co range 11, west of the fifth meridian. Its location is about fifty miles west of both Calgary and Lethbridge. Topography of the area ranges from foothill on the east to mountainous on the west. In this paper' the foothill region is considered to be chat which lies immediately east of the most easterly mountain ranges, such as Livingstone and Highwood. There are two principal coal mining districts in the area, one served by the main line of the Canadian ?Pacific railway and centring about Canmore, the other by a branch line of che same railway and centring about Bellevue, Blairmore, and Coleman.

Jan 1, 1949

By John V. Beall

HEAVY-DENSITY separation processes, a commercial application of the sink-float test used in mineralogical laboratories for the separation of mineral particles by their difference in specific gravity, are the biggest development in mineral dressing since flotation, which was at about the same stage of development thirty years ago. The scope of their application has broadened and, though still in the development stage, they are being accepted in a constantly increasing number of commercial installations. This progress in mineral beneficiation is especially satisfying when we realize that our high-grade ore deposits are fast disappearing and a big factor in determining whether a hole in the ground is being sat upon by a liar or an honest citizen is how economically the ore dressers can concentrate comparatively low-grade ores. As early as the middle of the nineteenth century attempts were made to use aqueous salt solutions in a heavy-liquid separation for cleaning coal. But the original and recovery costs of these liquids were high and further, the fact that they were corrosive, unstable, and toxic added to the difficulty in using them.

Jan 1, 1948

By Angelus S. C. Owili-Eger

Although the foundation of a unified treatment of fluid flow in variably saturated porous media was established more than seventy years ago, no serious attempt was made to develop it until the early 1970's. Ever since, a number of unsaturated-saturated numerical models have been reported in the literature. However, none of these models have treated multidimensional, multiphase flow in deforming media, parts of which may undergo extensive secondary fracturing. A situation such as this is not uncommon in coal mining operations in which the longwall method of extraction is employed. The present model has been structured to handle such physical systems. This paper presents the mathematical formulation, the numerical algorithm, and a further validation and evaluation of the modified model. The model treats a multiphase flow in a three- dimensional regime and handles mining excavations of complex and changing configurations.

Jan 1, 1980

By Don Bachman, Larry Heywood

Artificial release of snow avalanches, through the use of explosives, is a necessary component of safety planning and operations for ski areas throughout the Western United States, as well as in other alpine regions of the world. Climatic, meteorological and terrain factors leading to the development of avalanche conditions, in addition to release mechanisms and magnitude of the avalanche problem to ski areas will be discussed.

Jan 1, 1999

By E. A. Metz

Work related pulmonary diseases are in the top TEN causes of occupational disability and death in the United States. Likewise, it also ranks high inmost of the other industrial countries. It is difficult to know the true occurrence of occupational lung disease because of poor documentation. This is especially true when one examines workers’ compensation claims. Most frequently, silica and asbestos are paramount in our discussion of work related pulmonary disease. Little consideration is given to other “dust-related” diseases, irritant reactions, reactive airway responses, and hypersensitivity reactions. The major classification of occupational lung diseases will be discussed. This includes both acute and chronic disease that arises in the work place, especially, the mining industry. It’s more important to make an accurate evaluation and diagnosis for the prevention of disease among other workers.

Jan 1, 2000

By J. R. Thoenen

IN five years mineral wool has grown to a thirty-million-dollar industry from one whose output was valued, in 1933, at $1,700,000. Ten years ago, in 1928, there were only seven producing companies, with an annual output of but 50,000 tons. By 1936 fifty or more companies were producing half a million tons. The industry is still growing vigorously and will profit from the expected activity in building in 1339, for two-thirds of this material is used for building insulation and to assist in fire-retarding, in both new and old homes. It is as useful in the South, to protect against heat, as in the North, to keep out the cold, if one may speak nontechnically. It is a concomitant of air conditioning, that new addition to the American standard of living that began in theatres, department stores, and railroad dining cars, and is rapidly progressing down to small homes. Here, then, is an industry that is only beginning to have a present, and one with an almost certain important future; one that depends upon mining and the by-products of mining for all of its raw materials; one that every progressive mining man should know something about.

Jan 1, 1939

By Kaixi Jiang, Chaozhen Zheng, Shuchen Qin, Hao Ma, Yufang Wang

The study investigates the behaviors of zinc and iron in neutralized residue during pressure and hot acid leaching. It examines the effects of temperature, acidity, leaching time, and oxygen partial pressure on zinc extraction. The results indicate that the acid to zinc mole ratio is crucial for the extraction process, with a zinc extraction rate reaching 98.0% under optimal conditions.

Feb 14, 2022

Jan 1, 1968

By Ashutosh Kumar Bharati, Rajesh Rai, B. K. Shrivastva, Arunava Ray

Opencast mining method is one of the most productive mining methods available at present, which is generally associated with the removal and handling of a huge amount of overburden material. Hence it imposes a serious challenge of dump slope stability and that too, mainly in the case of internal dumps. The study is primarily focused on the stability of dragline dumps and the subsequent development of a rating system to classify the stability of dragline dump profiles. Initially, numerical simulation is executed through RS2 (Version 9.0) software, which is based on the finite element method. Thereafter, simulation results are used to perform the sensitivity analysis of various geometrical and strength parameters of the dump slope, and the two-factor interaction method is also incorporated into the analysis, this method included the dependency of closest parameters while calculating the sensitivity index, and thereafter, it is converted into the rating of each parameter. The strength parameter like the angle of friction and the geometrical parameter like slope angle of the bench between the coal-rib roof and dragline sitting level are assigned the highest rating value. Based on the overall rating of the dragline dump, the dump slopes are classified into various classes, viz., very safe, safe, vulnerable, unstable, and highly unstable. This classification proved to be handy in the quick estimation of the stability of the dragline dump and also gives an idea of designing optimum and safe dragline dump profiles. The developed classification chart has been validated by the previous research works and has found similar results.

Feb 15, 2021

By F. B. WEEKS

I HAVE chosen for my subject a mining district which in an article published four years ago I referred to in the following words: "One of the un- usual anomalies of mining development and history is that a district having added thirty or more millions of wealth to a principal mining state, situated within four to six miles of two transcontinental railways and two auto highways, and within 150 miles of the most widely advertised part of the United States, should have been so completely lost sight of that probably not one mining man in ten can tell offhand where it is situated." But this district never was a dead one: it was only slumbering. During the past four months, day by day, it has been emerging from that state of slumber.

Jan 1, 1929

By Mark L. Chatman

This report presents an economic mineral assessment and Inventory of mines and prospects In the approximately 176,000-acre Patagonia Mountains-Canelo Hills Unit of Coronado National Forest. Deposits or areas most likely to experience future development are characterized in terms of their economics, based on data acquired by the author from a variety of sources, and supplemented by USBM field data collected by other workers in 1990 and 1991. Numerous mine maps, rock-chip sample assays, and detailed descriptions of mine and prospect sites are in this report and appendixes. Heavy but sporadic mining, mainly between the 1850's and 1950's was nearly all confined to the Patagonia Mountains. High-grade sulfide veins, replacements, and skarn deposits accounted for most of the production, which included large quantities of zinc, lead, copper, and silver, and considerable quantities of gold. Small Quantities of molybdenum, manganese, tungsten, and placer gold have been mined. Most of the traditionally mined metalliferous sites will not see future activity due to the low tonnages present and removal of most high-grade rock. Possible future development areas include copper porphyries and breccia pipes; most are too deeply buried for current development. Localities where similar deposits may be concealed are identified.

Jan 1, 1994

By Zhisong Chai, Wei Xu

Q&P steels undergo continuous multiple processes, including hot rolling, intermediate heat treatment, cold rolling and continuous annealing etc. The inheritant effect of initial microstructure could affect the final microstructure and mechanical properties of Q&P steels. In this work, effects of different hot rolled microstructure/texture on the final microstructure and properties subjected to Q&P process were investigated in Fe-0.38C-1.58Mn-1.6Si system. Different initial microstructures were generated combing different TMCP and cooling strategies. The microstructure and texture of hot rolled materials were characterized in detail. The hot rolled material was subsequently processed by intermediate annealing, cold rolling and continuous annealing. The comparison reveals great effects of the initial hot rolled microstructures, i.e. inheritance effect. The faster reverse transformation would lead to more sufficient austenitization and it would greatly weaken the inheritant effect of the initial microstructure. Although the difference of final phase fraction for different initial microstructures was not significant, the inheritance effect was mainly reflected in the effect on austenite morphology. For the mechanical properties, no obvious difference in strength was shown for the samples with different initial microstructures after Q&P heat treatment, but there was fluctuation in elongation.

Oct 1, 2019

By Arcelor Mittal

-

Jan 26, 2018

By James S. Grichar

Interest in mergers in the nonfuel mineral industry developed when 5 were listed among the 50 highest valued mergers in the United States in 1981. This report presents a Bureau of Mines study of trends in merger activity from 1960 to 1979 and explores motives for mergers in the nonfuel mining and mineral industry. The objective was to determine precedent for or a trend toward the 1981 acceleration in merger activity and to examine certain financial motives for non fuel mineral mergers. Data indicate that the relative value of non fuel mineral mergers has grown since 1972 although the number of mergers has remained proportionate to historical trends for all mergers. Since 1974, the assets acquired in "large," nonfuel mineral firm mergers, those of $10 million or more, have comprised at least 93 pct of assets acquired. More nonfuel mineral firm mergers involved mineral companies as the acquiring firm than vice versa but mining and minerals firms acquired were of higher value than nonmining firms. A major motivation for mergers involving large mineral firms was the acquisition of assets at less than replacement costs. Univariate statistical testing, a methodology chosen for its applicability to the data, confirms this hypothesis while rejecting other financial motives. The remainder of the work is devoted to a discussion of suggested areas for future study.

Jan 1, 1984

By AIME AIME

Adjustable Pyrometer-Stand. By L. W. BAHNEY, xxxvii, 33. Agency of Manganese in the Superficial Alteration and Secondary Enrichment of Gold-Deposits in the United States. By WILLIAM H. EMMONS, xlvi, 767. Application of Descriptive Geometry to Mining-Problems. By JOSEPH W. ROE, xxxix, 173. ARNOLD, C. EVERARD. The Giroux Shaft at Kimberly, Nev., xlii, 461. BAHNEY, L. W. An Adjustable Pyrometer-Stand, xxxvii, 33. BALL, SYDNEY H., and SHALER, MILLARD K. Mining-Conditions in the Belgian Congo, xxxix, 253. BEALS, ROGER L., and TWEEDY, GEORGE A. Cyanide-Plant and Practice at the Minas del Tajo, Rosario, Sinaloa, Mexico, xxxviii, 123.

Dec 1, 1910

By Walter E. Duncan, Oscar F. Tangel, A. M. Gaudin, Franklin Dewey, R. A. Johnson

Xanthates have been used as collectors of sulfide minerals in the concentration of ores by flotation for over a decade, yet much remains to be done to elucidate the underlying reasons for the remarkable effectiveness of these compounds in this connection. Briefly stated, the known facts concerning the effect of these reagents on the floatability of minerals are as follows: 1. Xanthates are without effect on silicates, silica, and generally on minerals currently regarded as "gangues." 2. Xanthates in very small amount increase enormously the floatability of sulfides of copper, lead, silver, iron and mercury. 3. If zinc sulfides are first '(activated," as by treatment with a copper salt, they are readily floated by xanthates; otherwise not. 4. Elemental copper, silver and gold have their floatabilities increased by xanthates. 5. Sulfides of elements that are not typically metallic—e.g., stibnite, realgar, molybdenit—are not made to float markedly better by treatment with xanthates. 6. Oxidized minerals of lead and copper are floated if treated with large amounts of xanthates, but not so if treated with amounts of the same order of magnitude as required for sulfide flotation. Oxidized zinc minerals are not floated unless xanthates having unusually long hydrocarbon chains (e.g., eight carbon atoms or more) are used. Iron oxides and carbonate are not floated by xanthates. From a flotation standpoint the most striking feature about xanthates is the very small amount required to accomplish startling changes in the behavior of some minerals. The amounts used in practice to effect excellent concentration are frequently of the order of 0.05 lb, of agent per ton of ore; that is, of the order of one part of agent per forty thousand parts of ore. Changes in amount of agent of the order of 0.01 lb. per ton of ore (or 0.002 lb. per ton of pulp, on a 4:l basis) have marked effects on the metallurgical results obtained. Yet these changes represent a variation of but one part per million parts of pulp.

Jan 1, 1935

By M. H. Thomas

El presente trabajo describe tres ejemplos de empresas en Australia que utilizaron carbones provenientes de fuentes locales para el encendido de sus hornos. Así también se muestra los principios generales de la operación de los hornos rotatorios, la quema de combustible pulverizado, el encendido directo e indirecto, la contaminación de cenizas y los problemas derivados de la eliminación de azufre.

Nov 1, 1984

By Theodore Holt

Outline of the Process THE Mines Operating Co.'s plant at Park City, Utah, was designed to treat the low-grade fillings in the old stopes of the Ontario mine. These fillings carry 6 to 14 oz. of silver, 1 to 2 lb. copper, 0.01 to 0.015 oz. of gold, and a small percentage of lead and zinc. The treatment consists in mixing the crushed ore with coal dust and salt and then roasting in a new type of furnace y combustion of the contained fuel. The roasted ore is leached with an acid salt solution to dissolve the silver, gold, copper, and lead. At present these metals are precipitated together on scrap iron and the product sold to a refinery. The only new feature of importance in this scheme of treatment is the roasting process, which makes possible the chloridizing of ores without any loss of the valuable metals, and at a very low cost. History of the Development of the Process The roasting process had its beginning in connection with research work at the Utah State School of Mines. N. C. Christensen, Jr., who held one of the School of Mines' fellowships, was engaged in some experimental work on blast roasting. At the same time I was doing some work on the insoluble gold in Mercur base ores. Mr. Christensen roasted some of this base gold ore in his pot furnace, and found that when he mixed a sufficiently low percentage of fuel with the ore, it did not sinter but roasted to a leachable product. We considered this a new application of blast roasting, and proceeded to test out a large number of ores in several different types of small roasters which we constructed. This experimental work continued well into the summer of 1911.

Jan 7, 1914