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William B. Cogswell, member of the Institute since 1872, died on June 7, 1921, at his home in New York City, after an illness of about six weeks occasioned by an infection of the middle car. Mr. Cogswell is survived by his wife, Mrs. Cora Brownell Cogswell; a son-in-law, and three grandchildren. His first wife died in 1877. William Cogswell was born at Oswego, Sept. 22, 1834, and was taken to Syracuse by his parents when he was four years old. He attended Hamilton Academy and private schools in Syracuse and Seneca Falls. In 1843, he visited England with his parents and brought back a set of drawing instruments, which led to a series of lessons in architecture under Luther Gifford, the only architect in Syracuse at the time. The boy drew many building plans and one set was used for the old Globe Hotel in Syracuse, erected in 1846 and 1847. In 1848, when only 14, he spent a year with a party that was surveying the route of the Syracuse & Oswego R. R. and relaying the tracks of the Utica & Syracuse R. R. He studied civil engineering at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, for three years, but left that institution in 1852 without receiving his degree. Many years later, in 1884, the degree of C. E. was conferred upon him. During the three years following 1852, Mr. Cogswell served as an apprentice in machine shops at Lawrence, Mass., under the superintendence of John S. Hoadley. About 1856, he was made manager of the machinery department of the Marietta & Cincinnati R. R., at Chili-cothe, Ohio, and three years later became superintendent of the Broadway foundry at St. Louis, Mo. In 1860, in Syracuse, Mr. Cogswell was associated with William A. and A. Avery Sweet in the formation of Sweet Bros. & Co., which later became the Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co. At the outbreak of the Civil War, Mr. Cogswell received a civilian appointment as mechanical engineer in the United States Navy. During 1860 he was located at Port Royal, S. C., having general supervision over the work of fitting up repair shops at five widely separated stations on the Atlantic seaboard and Gulf of Mexico. In this year his genius and resourcefulness were notably shown. He literally launched a naval machine shop, so that warships could be repaired without leaving, and thereby weakening, blockades against Southern ports. The machine shop was assembled by Mr. Cogswell and shipped by boat to Port Royal. There an old whaler was made over for machine shop purposes and Mr.

Jan 1, 1922

By James A. Brierley, Corale L. Brierley

Microorganisms have been considered as agents which may be of importance in catalyzing hydrometallurgical processes for the extraction of metals from low-grade ore minerals. Various microorganisms and their role in bacterial leaching are described. Bacterial leaching as applied to copper, uranium, zinc, lead, and coal is discussed.

Jan 1, 1981

By H. C. Juvkam-Wold

The aquifer depressurization system uses a number of wells surrounding a mine shaft to reduce the aquifer pressure in the vicinity of the shaft. The effect of various parameters such as number of wells, wellbore diameter, time, and well location is discussed. It is concluded that, with a properly designed depressurization system, the aquifer pressure and the water inflow rate to the shaft may be reduced to less than 15% of their potential values in the absence of wells.

Jan 1, 1983

By H. C. Fiedler

It was recently shown with 3.3 pct Si-Fe containing 0.026 pct S and 0.06 pct Mn that the extent of secondary recrystallization to a cube-on-edge texture is determined by the cooling rate from the solution temperature of the manganese sulfide inclusions.1 With a rapid cooling rate, many small inclusions rather than a few large ones are formed, which leads to increased restraint to normal grain growth and more complete secondary recrystalliza-tion. Strip samples 12 mils thick, rolled from 1-in.-thick slabs that were cooled at 130°C per min

Jan 1, 1964

Jan 1, 1934

By Ray W. Ballmer, K. H. Matheson

Since start-up in 1906, Bingham had been a rail pit, beginning with steam locomotives and converting to electric locomotives in 1923. Ore production was maintained by effective utilization of avail- able rail equipment. From time to time, as it became necessary to deepen the pit and as stripping ratios increased, studies of alternative material haulage systems such as diesel locomotives, conveyor belts and trucks were made. Conversion from rail haulage with electric locomotives could not, however, be justified. Because of a gradual decline in ore grade, a program was approved in 1963 to raise ore production to 108,000 tpd. The decision posed a serious problem: due to built-in inflexibility and other limitations, a parallel expansion of the rail haulage system was impractical. (Track and trolley wire relocation causes greater shovel downtime than required for normal maintenance; instability of the dumps and the resulting additional track maintenance increases greatly as the daily volume of waste material increases.) Studies indicated that economically the most favorable course of action would be the replacement of rail haulage on the upper levels of the mine by truck haulage.

Jan 11, 1965

By Daniel L. Noble

Riparian communities are those related to, or near a natural watercourse (or sometimes of a lake, impoundment, or tidewater). Generally, riparian communities contrast sharply with the dominant vegetation type in an area, for example, the willow-birch-aspen- dominated watercourse in the Black Hills with its associated beaver- muskrat-trout habitat as compared to the dominant monotype ponderosa pine forest on either side of the drainage. Riparian ecosystems are valuable for the aesthetics, namely, varied landscape; photography and art; human awareness; diversity of plant and animal life, some of which may be unique to that habitat; cover, food, and water for associated wildlife and domestic animals; for recreation; for domestic water supply; and as natural outdoor laboratories. One major negative impact on riparian communities is hazardous chemicals from effluents from agricultural, industrial, and mining- metallurgical processes. One such chemical is cyanide, long used in the processing of gold and silver, and discharged previously directly into some of our natural ecosystems. With present environmental awareness, industry and government are attempting to minimize or eliminate this contamination. Homestake Mining Company began processing gold ore in the Lead- Deadwood area of South Dakota in 1878 and has remained in production at variable activity levels to the present time. The amount of cyanide (and heavy metals) entering the ecosystem during this time can only be crudely estimated, in part because of the variability in activity and the lack of understanding and concern about environmental pollution until the 1960's. Whitewood Creek, a tributary of the Belle Fourche River which flows into the Cheyenne River and

Jan 1, 1983

By Robert H. Richards

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Jan 1, 1897

OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS (The Officers are the President, 6 Vice-Presidents, the Treasurer, and the Secretary) President and Director CARL E REISTLE, JR, '58 Past President and Director HENRY DEWITT SMITH, '57 President-elect and Director GROVER J HOLT, '59

Jan 1, 1956

By H. W. Turner

In addition to the deposits mentioned by Mr. Lindgren? the following may be noted: 1. In the " Dardanelles quadrangle," of the map of the U. S. Geological Survey, 3 miles NW. of Tower Peak, there is a considerable mass of quartzite, marble, and dark, fine-grained. gneiss. At the edge of the coarsely crystalline white marble, having a width of about 400 ft., is a white schistose rock, which,

Jan 1, 1904

By K. R. Carson, J. Weertman

THE fatigue-hardening curve has received much attention in recent years. This curve is obtained by plotting the peak stress required to maintain a given plastic strain per cycle vs the number of cycles. It

Jan 1, 1969

Discussion of the paper of HAROLD RABLING, presented at the St. Louis meeting, October, 1917, and printed in Bulletin No. 128, August, 1917, pp. 1161 to 1172. A. P. WATT, Mine La Motte, Mo.-The information in Mr. Rabling's paper is of great value to users of the Hancock jig. In the Lead Belt, these jigs treat a larger tonnage than any other type of concentrating machine, and produce tailing of a larger size. This indicates the necessity for logical operation of the Hancock jig. The jigs receive at least 75 per cent. of the total original feed, the other 25 per cent. going to

Jan 1, 1918