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Jan 1, 1914

PRESIDENT HERBERT HOOVER, STANFORD UNIVERSITY; CAL. PAST PRESIDENTS SIDNEY J. JENNINGS NEW YORK, N. Y. HORACE V. WINCHELL MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT EDWIN LUDLOW, NEW YORK, N. Y. TREASURER GEORGE D. BARRON NEW YORK, N. Y.

Jan 1, 1923

By David A. Martin

Resource based companies have been inundated with changes in government tax legislation during the past few years. To cope, capital investment planning analysts have turned almost completely to computer simulation modeling to react quickly enough to determine the effect on their companies' major investment projects and on the projected financial picture of the companies. This paper will examine various royalty and tax structures as applied to coal, oil and gas, and minerals in the U.S. and Canada with particular emphasis on recent changes in the Canadian tax scene and their implications to capital project economic evaluation in other parts of the world.

Jan 1, 1977

By Robert M. Lewis

At the Scotia plant of Blue Diamond Coal Co., near Cumberland Ky., good recovery and grade can be obtained when floating deep mine coal. When the plant changes over to strip coal, flotation fails, resulting in loss of coal. A procedure was developed at the Minerals Research Laboratory in Asheville, N. C., for recovering strip coal by flotation. Laboratory results were duplicated on a batch scale at the plant. The procedure was found to be effective when tried on a continuous basis in the processing plant.

Jan 1, 1973

By Suzanne T. Mathis, J. C. Ferm, J. T. Berger, W. Horger

A system of core logging and computerized entry and retrieval is described which permits accurate and rapid logging of core, cuttings and geophysical records derived from exploration and development bore holes. The system is so constructed that older drilling records can also be utilized. Output consists of conventional computer print out and graphic logs with a variety of scales, symbols and formats. Such logs can be used in constructing rock profiles which are necessary in property assessment and mine development.

Jan 1, 1983

(Under this heading will be published notes sent to the Secretary of the Institute by members or other persons. ) An experienced gold and silver metallurgist specializing in cyaniding is desirous of obtaining a position in 'America. Speaks, Mexican Spanish fluently. A member, a. technical graduate, with four years' experience in railroad work and-general construction, two years' on mine examination and geological reconnaissance, and two a half years' drilling exploration in placer work and petroleum, together with prospecting and geological interpolation, desires a position as a mining engineer or mining geologist. An experienced mine superintendent, manager, or field engineer, is open for engagement. He has had 12 years' experience as superintendent and manager of large mines in the United States and Mexico, and experience in mine examination. A member of the Institute with several years' experience in mining in the Lake Superior copper district, is open for engagement.

Jan 7, 1913

Scores of visitors who had never in their lives seen a piece of rough-and-ready mining machinery flocked around the display of Russian equipment presented as part of the Soviet Exhibition at New York's Coliseum. The Russian show, which ran from June 30 to August 10, presented an impressive view of an emerging technology. The exhibitors, however, made little attempt to appeal to the visitor who came only to be amused. In the mining show, as well as elsewhere throughout the exposition, the exhibits were devastatingly highbrow. If a coal mine's hydraulic roof support were "designed to support the prop- , free face front in longwall faces of flat seams, from 1.0 to 1.6 m thick, with medium-stable side rock," the visitors were told just that.

Jan 9, 1959

By W. B. Potter

There is probably no more interesting group of mineral fuels to be found in any country than that occurring within the limits of the new State of Colorado. The supplies are so abundant, and the occurrence and distribution are so favorable for easy development and transportation to the future manufacturing centres of the State, that they are destined to play a very important part in the material growth and prosperity of the region, the more so because of the rich and varied stores of ores awaiting metallurgical treatment, and the comparative scarcity of timber for fuel. From a purely scientific point, also, these lignitic coals form an interesting and important series. An examination of their geological occurrence and relations opens up new and important questions regarding the comparative value of various kinds of geological evidence, while a study of the character and composition of this class of fuels, which forms a connecting link, as it were, between the lignites and the true bituminous coals, may lead to a more thorough and accurate classification of mineral fuels. The analyses here presented are from samples, of not less than fifty pounds each, obtained by myself during the summer of 1875, and may be regarded as representing very fairly the average run of

By S. W. Hazen

The use of operations research and computer techniques continued to expand during 1967. A number of mining companies either obtained computers or were experimenting with their use through service bureaus. This trend was also evident in the Canadian mining industry. Although the annual Symposium and Short Course on Computers and Operations Research in Mineral Industries was not held in 1967, technical periodicals like MINING ENGINEERING, Mining Congress Journal and Engineering and Mining Journal stepped up their coverage on the subject. The annual AIME meeting had eight papers in two sessions and one session on Operations Research was held at the SME Fall Meeting in Las Vegas.

Jan 2, 1968

THE ladle is a small hearth made on a cage of iron bars like a bird-cage, and has a handle so that it can easily be taken from the forge and carried wherever desired. It is a common device and is much used among masters for small castings, but with a large weight you would have difficulty in lifting it by hand even though you were aided by levers and winches. If you should indeed do it, it would be just as if you had lifted the aforesaid hearth by force, and this would be unwise if you could do anything less difficult. A forge is likewise made for this, with a good pair of large bellows that are well covered with cloth. When the small hearth has been made with good clay, baked, and well covered with ashes, it is placed in front of the mouth [of the bellows] and a crown of two or three brick ends is built around it on top of the rim so that the charcoal may be held better and in greater quantity. Then, having lit the fire and heated the ladle and the charcoal, the pieces of material that you wish to melt are gradually put on

Jan 1, 1942

By AIME AIME

TOTAL shipments of iron ore from the Lake Superior district totalled 21,672,410 long tons in 1933, according to a compilation in Skillings' Mining Review. The producers ranked as follows in order of output shipped:

Jan 1, 1934

By A. Bouillot, G. W. Luxbacher

In a reserve assessment in areas where multiple coal seams lie above drainage or outcrop and where mining options include contour, auger, mountaintop removal and underground methods, the mining technique (or techniques) selected are heavily dependent on both economic and technologic factors. Rapid and accurate calculations utilizing digital terrain modeling, structure isopacs and including factors such as minimum seam heights, reject limits and coal quality are of vital importance in mine planning. The ability to forecast mine development in a "what if" fashion is a powerful tool that now demands computer resources to reduce these time-consuming, often repetitive calculations. Island Creek Coal and Occidental Systems have developed a minicomputer based engineering workstation for local digitizing, plotting, and volumetric calculations to move the computing function from the computer room (with time sharing on a mainframe computer) into a more interactive environment, resulting in a gain in efficiency and productivity for the mine planning process. The workstation is connected to Occidental's mainframe computers allowing data transfer to the host for "CPU-intensive" calculations. This paper reviews the system configuration and describes the operations required for a typical mine planning application.

Jan 1, 1983

By A. Springer

Chemists, physicists and others, whose occupations necessitate the use of fine scales, have heretofore regretted their inability to obtain any which would remain uniformly accurate. The difference between the theoretical and the actual results obtained in the ordinary balance (provided the pivot-distances are exact) is mainly due to the frictional resistance between the knifeedges and their bearings. This frictional resistance, although reduced to a minimum in the finest scales when new, constantly increases, thereby decreasing the sensitiveness proportionately. When examined under the microscope, neither the surface of the knife-edge nor that of' its hearings ever appears perfectly smooth. Soft kunife-edges are easily blunted, whereas hard ones are brittle and liable to crumble under the effects of over-load or shock. Prof. Frederick A. Roeder for many years attempted to discover some means by ,which the knife-edge could be replaced with some device free from the above-mentioned objections. His experiments convinced him that a torsion-joint was best suited for that purpose. After he had communicated his conclusion to me, we jointly developed the system to its present form. A torsion-wire had been used for the centre of rotation, prior to Prof. Roeder's invention, but it was found impossible to replace the terminal knife-edges with torsion-joints.

Jan 1, 1884

By Brooks J. Klimley, Daniel M. Higgins, Grover R. Castle

Measuring The Economic Viability Of Resource Projects (A Western Surface Coal Project) The bankers approach to the analysis of a new "green fields" mining project is similar but different from the approach that the pining company might take. The purpose of this paper shall be to discuss the techniques that are used by mining companies and bankers as they try to measure the economic viability of mining projects. The analysis of these new projects (by both the mining companies and the banker) is based on a projected revenue stream and not on historical earnings or past perfomance because these projects are start up situations with no history to look to. The starting point in the analysis of these projections is the choice of the assumptions to be used in preparing these projections. After the assumptions have been determined and the projections are prepared then the projections are submitted to various tests in order to determine whether the project measures up to previously agreed upon minimum standards. In order to illustrate the analytical procedures used in evaluating a mineral project the writer has constructed a hypothetical case involving the development of a western surface coal mine (Property). The basic data in connection with this hypothetical new project is described in the next section of this paper. After the Description of the Project is a section which shows the type of analysis that a mining company might prepare in order to approach a bank for a loan and the final section illustrates the type of analysis that a bank might prepare in evaluating this loan request. Description Of The Project or Basic Data In Connection With Undeveloped Western Surface Coal Property An independent mining/geological Consultant's report has been completed on the Property which confirms that the Property contains 175 million tons of economically recoverable coal subdivided into the following reserve categories in accordance with U.S. Bureau of Mines and U.S. Geological Survey definitions: Measured or Proven 90,000,000 Indicated or Probable 50,000,000 Inferred or Possible 35,000,000 The owners of the reserves have chosen to drill up those reserves that are nearest to the subcrop and have not spent as much time on those portions of the Property which are on the fringes of the deposit where the overburden is thicker because the stripping ratio and hence the operating costs and capital requirements are higher down dip. The proven reserves are based on an average thickness of 80 feet, of which a mining recovery of 90% is projected. The overburden thickness varies from 0' to 280' with an average thickness of 127'. The overburden consists mainly of scoria, sandstone, gravel, shale and silty clay. 134 holes were cored (and analysis done on five foot increments) in the measured reserve on the following spacing: 100 foot centers to define the burn line; 1,320 foot centers to define the early mining areas; 2,640 foot centers to identify the later mining areas.

Jan 1, 1985

By K. C. Ko, M. K. McCarter

Experimentation with seismic velocity measurements at Kennecott Copper Corp.'s Bingham mine disclosed that some recognized slide areas are characterized by low velocity profiles. A new traverse technique employed during the investigation allows rapid and precise measurements of a quantity referred to as "apparent velocity." This value is a weighted average of the actual velocity in the overbreak zone near the surface and in the intact rock at depth. The low points on the velocity profile are apparently the result of lower actual velocities and deeper overbreak in less competent material within the slide zones. Experience verifies the usefulness and practicality of the technique in delineating adverse areas prior to detectable failure. The technique may be employed as a rapid and economic means of slope stability surveillance in large open pit mines.

Jan 1, 1973

By John V. Beall

Runding the bottom corner of the West Africa11 hump, one hovers off the coast of the tiny Republic of Liberia. But not for long-as Portuguese navigators, Blackbirders, and Farrell Line captains have learned. The ponderous swell of the Atlantic is driven by an on-shore wind that never dies. As remorseless as the Atlantic chewing away at the unbroken shoreline, is the country beyond-West Africa, where white meets black, where desert blends to bush to impenetrable jungle, where elephants chomp the foliage of young trees. This is a land from which the tsetse fly has driven the cattle, and the root crops grow big and voluptuous above the ground and are shrunken and barren of nutrient below. This is the environment of Liberia which is elbowing an iron ore market for itself on crowded shelves. Liberia is an anomaly in Africa. It was the first republic on the continent in modern times, having been established in 1848. While most of Africa was benefiting from the investment of foreign capital under colonial regimes, Liberia was going it alone. To be sure, Liberia was aware of foreign activity as hunks of territory were lopped off by neighboring French and English colonies. Today the country is about 43,000 sq miles, the size of Tennessee, which, in the language of exploration men, is a workable size unit.

Jan 12, 1962

By R. L. Thayer, D. L. Auer

A review of bentonite production and quality control methods, is presented along with an update on techniques employed by the bentonite industry. This paper also includes an overview of bentonite market demands and long-range supply with resulting emphasis on changes in bentonite testing methods required to utilize existing reserves.

Jan 10, 1979

By Donald A. Cumming

Since the first major mine development, the company has continually looked for ways of improving drifting methods. The planned increase in production to 60,000 tpd, and the lack of trained personnel, requires new development methods to maintain this high production rate. In order to finish the drifting on the 2015 and 2075 levels, a total of 59,000 ft is required, or two years at the present rate.

Jan 4, 1972

By James Fiore

The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 provides a set of rules for proceeding with the identification and selection of sites for a mined geologic repository as well as for interim storage facilities for high level waste in the event storage facilities are needed. The following paper summarizes the sequence of procedures in site selection, and presents the interaction of governmental agencies, the states, the public, and affected Indian tribes in this process. Several agencies have published regulations assocated with the selection of high level waste sites. These regulations set down a diverse collection of requirements designed to ensure public safety. This paper identifies the organizations working to satisfy these requirements, and outlines the role of the geotechnical community in performing data collection activities to support these same requirements.

Jan 1, 1984

By C. W. Kempton

If New England were located in some distant and almost inaccessible region, there is no doubt that its mineral resources would have been ere this well developed and generally acknowledged, but laboring under the disadvantage of nearness, it has been neglected. Its surface, moreover, is not cut up by mountains and canons, and the remnants of many of the old ridges are extensively covered by glacial drift. Having for the past ten months been engaged in the development of a mineral district in Southeastern Maine, 1 would take this opportunity to lay before the Institute sketches of results, and try to give some idea of the formations as found. The Sullivan Mining District extends from the town of Franklin, through Hancock, Sullivan, and Gouldsborough, from northwest to southeast, about sixteen miles. A general idea of this locality may be gathered from the map accompanying. (Fig. 1). Sullivan is situated at the head of Frenchman's Bay, ten miles north from Bar Harbor, Mount Desert, twelve miles from Ellsworth,

Jan 1, 1879