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By Don M. Coulter

"INTRODUCTION The district comprising Union, Lafayette, Pontotoc and Calhoun Counties, Miss. (fig. 1), was examined in October 1941 by R. W. Smith of the Bureau of Mines, accompanied by J. W. Adams of the Mississippi Bauxite Co. 3/ Subsequently, geologists of the Federal Geological Survey made a more detailed study of the area. 4/Bauxite had been reported as present in several localities in Pontot. County, and large deposits of kaolin are known in Pontotoc, Union, Calhoun, and Lafayette Counties. Many of the bauxite deposits, such as those on Big Hill, Second Hill, and Third Hill, in Pontotoc County, form the caps on hills and are outliers of Wilcox deposits on the Midway formation. Such deposits could have no extensions because of erosion and were not examined, as they were investigated by the Mississippi Geological Survey. 5/ Most of the bauxite was known to be low-grade, with a high iron content. However, Pontotoc County in particular presented possibilities of finding high-grade bauxite with a low iron content by drilling down the dip from the Wilcox-Midway contact. Consequently, with few exceptions the investigation was confined to drilling in this direction.Headquarters were established in Tupelo, Miss., on July 13, 1943, and mineral agreements were obtained covering 8,367 acres of land, with 62 land-owners in Pontotoc and Union Counties. Holes were drilled on properties of three of the landowners in Union County and 36 in Pontotoc County."

Apr 1, 1948

By D. J. Parker, D. Harrington, L. H. Harrison

"INTRODUCTION The necessity for protection against the hazards of lightning manifests itself from time to time in the mining industry by reason of loss of life, damage to electrical equipment, fires in surface structures at mines, and accidents in the handling and use of explosives. This paper is intended to assemble, correlate, and present some of the salient points embodied in the available literature on the subject and at the same time give some factual data concerning instances of such loss of life and damage to property, with special application to the mining industry.The annual loss of life and destruction of property by lightning is considerable; the former may be prevented to a limited extent, though use of common sense as to exposure is required and not always followed; the latter can be prevented to a considerable degree. The manufacturers of electrical equipment, through improved types of lightning arresters, have done much toward the protection of electrical equipment, with consequent safeguarding of life and of property. Education based on unfortunate experiences has gone far to discourage the handling of explosives and blasting accessories during thunder storms, especially in open pits and quarries, and to a much smaller extent in underground workings. The lowly lightning rod plays an important role in the protection of certain types of buildings (especially isolated buildings), stacks, monuments, and other structures.LIGHTNING PHENOMENAIn 1751, Franklin proved that, lightning was simply a visible display of electricity - an extended spark; and until a generation ago little had been added to his exposition to define the various phases of the phenomenon. Matters pertaining to lightning are discussed in the following references:"

Apr 1, 1948

By M. H. Kline, Wing G. Agnew

"INTRODUCTION The Yancey-Crawford tract, located 1-1/2 nines east of Yancey station on the Norfolk & Western Railway in Rockingham County, Va. was from 1917 to 1941 considered an unusually promising manganese prospect. Because of the favorable geologic formations and because of the common occurrence of manganese in the district and Virginia's large production of these minerals from this area, geological report 3/ have listed this tract as the No. 1 prospect in the State. During World War I, extensive geologic studies were made to locate manganese deposits similar to those exploited at the Crimera mine near Waynesboro to alleviate this mineral shortage during the existing emergency.In September 1941 the Bureau of Mines started exploratory drilling on the tract in an effort to discover and block out reserves of manganese minerals as authorized by the 76th Congress under the Strategic Materials Act. After five drill holes wore sunk, the project was terminated October 1941."

Apr 1, 1948

By W. E. Cassan, W. L. Eaton, James Westfield, W. M. Romisher, Karl Hughes, S. H. Ash

"INTRODUCTION Funds were made available to the Bureau of Mines, United States Department of the Interior, for anthracite investigations during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1945. One of the approved projects was to conduct inquiries and scientific and technologic investigations having a bearing on the anthradite mine-flood problem. The investigative work done from July 1,1944, to June 30, 1946, is described in previous reports (5, 8, 10, 24, 28). 6/Purpose of Report The purpose of this report is to describe the investigative work conucted by the Anthracite Food-Prevention Section, Safety Branch, Bureau of Mines, during the period July 1, 1946, to June 30, 1947,Scope of WorkInvestigative work during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1947, was conducted under the direction of D. Harrington, chief, Health and Safety Division, and S. H. Ash, chief, Safety Branch, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.The broad objective of the investigative work was to obtain factual day on: 1. Anthracite reserves of Pennsylvania.2. Underground water pools.3. Barrier pillars.4. The ""buried valley"" of the Susquehanna River.5. Infiltration of surface water into underground mine workings.The above-mentioned investigations are being continued during the fiscal year July 1, 1947, to Juno 30, 1948.In addition to the investigative work covered in this report, Ash end Eaton presented a paper on barrier pillars, which proposes a method for designing barrier pillars and has been Published by the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers (5);"

Apr 1, 1948

By Fermont F. Clarke, Others, Paul Zinner

"INTRODUCTION The Edison mine comprises workings on two irregular spodumene-bearing pegmatite dikes which outcrop near the town of Keystone in the southern portion of the Black Hills of South Dakota. The Bureau of Mines conducted an investigation of the Edison mine as part of a comprehensive study of the lithium mineral-production possibilities in the Black Hills area. The work was undertaken during the Second World War, when the demand for certain lithium salts and compounds exceeded the then small productive capacity of the industry.During the course of the project, the Bureau of Mines completed 13 diamond core-drill holes, aggregating 2,114.5 feet of drilling. Twenty-six cannel samples were taken from the main Edison shaft, and 13 miscellaneous samples were obtained to permit analysis of the efficiency of phases of mining and sorting operations. Metallurgical tests were made by the Bureau of Mines to investigate the feasibility of beneficiating spodumere-bearing ores from the Edison mine. 3/"

Apr 1, 1948

By J. R. Thoenen, Hugh D. Pallister

"INTRODUCTION The Stone Hill Copper project resulted from the recommendations made in the war minerals report on this deposit by engineers of the Bureau of Mines 4/ and a similar report of the Geological Survey. 5/ACKNOWLEDGMENTSIn its program of investigation of mineral deposits, the Bureau of Mines has as its primary objective the more effective utilization of domestic mineral resources to the end that they make the greatest possible contribution to the national security and economy. The Mining Division, Lowell E. Moon, chief, conducts preliminary examinations, does the actual investi¬gative work, and prepares the final report. The Metallurgical Division, Oliver C. Ralston, chief, analyzes samples and makes beneficiation tests.This report was prepared under the supervision of Paul M. Tyler, former regional engineer, Eastern Region, and is based on the examination and investigation of the deposit by Hugh D. Pallister, mining engineer, made under the immediate supervision of Richard W. Smith, former District Engineer for Alabama and Mississippi.The report was rewritten and prepared for publication by J. R. Thoenen, chief, Tuscaloosa Branch, Mining Division.LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITYThe Store Hill copper mine is about• 12 miles south of Heflin, the oounty seat of Cleburne County, Ala. Heflin, a town with a population of approximately 1,700, is the nearest shipping point for freight and express. It is on the Southern Railway, between Birmingham and Atlanta. A rural mail route passes within quarter of a mile of the mine. Paved reads from Heflin lead to Atlanta, Birmingham, and Montgomery. The country Toads leading from Heflin are well-maintained but are practically inaccessible during inclement weather. The road crossing the property within a hundred yards of the mine needs grading and repairing (see fig. 1)."

Apr 1, 1948

By John H. Soule

Appreciable quantities of sine and lead orus have been produced from the West. Pinos Altos district of Grant County, N. sex. This area was visited many times by engineers of the Bureau of ines. D. H. Johnson and 4. R. Storms visited the district in haren 1943 in connection with an acrenu road to toe wines. M. H. Storma again visited the area in July 1943 in connection with a hetals Feserve Corporation loan on the Routen-Thomas

Apr 1, 1948

By Frank J. Wiebelt, Spangler Hicker

The Iron Mountain investigations were part of a comprehensive program for making a national inventory of raw materials used in the production of steel. A tentative program of core drilling by the Bureau of Mines was set up for exploration of more promising iron deposits. Iron Mountain was selected as worthy of investigation because it could serve as a potential source of ore for the war-created steel plant at Fontana, Calif. The deposits were reported on by an engineer in October 1943. The purpose of the project was to determine the lateral and vertical extent of ore bodies and to obtain accurate material data on them.

Apr 1, 1948

By Allen D. Look

Underground fires often prove difficult to control , and a small fire can quickly grow into a large one , endangering life and causing large property damage . Even a small underground fire may produce enough noxious gases to cause suffocation ; therefore , every precaution should be taken to prevent and control such fires . It is ironic that mine fires should be caused when utilizing materials that are in themselves fire - resistant ; yet , cutting and welding of iron and steel are proving to be common causes of underground fires in metal mines . This paper includes 19 examples of underground fires of this nature , and undoubtedly this is only a fraction of the number of similar fires that have occurred in the last few years . This paper will review some metal - mine fires caused by cutting or welding and point out precautions to be taken to prevent other fires from this cause .

Apr 1, 1948

By H. D. BAILEY, John W. Cole

This paper is one of a series on mining methods and costs published by the Bureau of Mines .. Because of the role, played by the Federal Government in the discovery of the ore body, a description of the exploratory operations of the Bureau of Mines, is included ...

Apr 1, 1948

By Spangler Ricker, F. T. Johnson

"SUMMARYThe Ione-Carbondale clays area is 2 miles northwesterly of Ione, Amador County, Calif. It was explored during the war by the Bureau of Mines to obtain data on the alumina content and to recover representative samples for beneficiation tests for alumina recovery.Seventy holes, aggregating 8,837 feet, were drilled, and about 10.3 acres of land was cleared of underbrush. Maps and cross sections were compiled showing location of holes, analyses, and other pertinent data.The clay beds vary in thickness from 13 to 196 feet, and are covered by a loose overburden, averaging about 11.9 feet in thickness. The ratio of overburden to clay is 1 : 8.2. Analysis of a composite sample showed the recoverable alumina (A12O3) and Fe2O3 content to be in the order of 23.6 percent and 2.8 percent, respectively.Topography of the clay area is ideal for open-pit mining methods and plant site.INTRODUCTIONInvestigation of alumina-rich clays for the possible production of aluminum was made during the recent war period, when the shortage of bauxite was becoming critical.Results of field examinations by the Bureau of Mines and the Federal Geological Survey indicated that one of the most promising areas for the development of alumina-rich clays is in the Ione-Carbondale district."

Mar 1, 1948

By Frank J. Wiebelt, Spangler Ricker

"INTRODUCTION Bauxite, in Appalachian Alabama, occurs in the Rock Run and Goshen Valley districts in Cherokee County; in Nences Creek Valley near Jacksonville; near Anniston in Calhoun County; north of Fort Payne in DeKalb County; near Ashville in St. Clair County; and near Talladega in Talladega County.In February 1942, Preston E. Cloud, Jr., assistant geologist, Federal Geological Survey, began a study of these bauxite deposits and the geology relating thereto.The Bureau of Mines established field headquarters at Piedmont, Calhoun County, in July 1942. Mineral agreements covering a total of 11,097 acres were executed with 15 landowners in the Rock Run district; 38 in the Goshen Valley district, covering 7,575.5 acres; and 3 in the Nances Creek Valley district, covering 988.5 acres. Drilling was done on.the properties of 9 land¬owners in the Rock Run district, and on the property of 1 landowner each in the Goshen Valley and the Nances Creek districts. Drilling began October 26, 1942, and ceased on May 17, 1943.Power drilling was supplemented by a labor crew that drilled hand-auger holes in shallow deposits and sampled .old shafts, mines, and mine dumps.In all, 222 holes for a total of 13,250 feet were drilled. Of these toles, 88 penetrated bauxite but too low in grade to constitute ore."

Mar 1, 1948

By H. W. Clair, E. V. Potter, M. J. Speedlove

"INTRODUCTION The behavior of particles in a sound field has long been of scientific interest since Kundt (1) 5/ made his classic experiments on some of the interesting effects of standing waves in cylindrical tubes. With the development of the electronic tube and its application to continuous generation of sound, experimental investigation of the Kundt tube was renewed (2). The more intense vibrations set up by a continuously vibrating diaphragm or rod produce even more striking effects than those observed by Kundt. Instead of the striations at the antinode produced by the stroked rod, then, wafer like barriers are formed at the antinodes, sometimes extending over the entire cross-section of the tube. Furthermore, it was observed independently by Andrade (3), Brandt, Freund and Hiedemann (4); and by investigators in the Bureau of Mines laboratories (5) that aerosols, such as ammonium chloride or tobacco smoke, could be flocculated quickly if passed through an intense sound field, particularly when a standing wave field was set up by a resonant enclosure. Because of its possibilities as a new means for removing suspended particles from dust-laden gaseous furance or smoke, the phenomena attending the behavior of suspended particles in a und field have been studied intermittently by the Bureau of Mines over the past decade.The first experimental work was done with a magnetostriction vibrator and a Hartmann air-jet generator as sound sources. It soon became evident that neither type was entirely satisfactory. Low mechanical efficiency is an inherent characteristic of magnetostriction generators, and the air-jet generator is difficult to control and does not permit accurate measurement of the acoustic output. The search for a suitable sound source led to the development of an electromagnetic generator, which is by far the most suitable for study of the effects of intensive high-frequency sound fields in gases (6)."

Mar 1, 1948

By Vernon C. Davis

"INTRODUCTION This report describes the work done and presents the data obtained from limited diamond drilling at the lead-zinc deposits cf the Belle Eldridge Gold Mines, Inc., in Lawrence County, S. Dak. during the summer and fall of 1943. The work was undertaken in an effort to increase reserves and step-up production of zinc and lead so vitally important to the war program.The geology, topography and existing mine workings were mapped and studied. Subsequently, six vertical core-drill holes were put down from surface sites.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSIn its program of investigation of mineral deposits, the Bureau of Mines has as its primary objective the more effective utilization of our natural resources to the end that they make the greatest possible contribution to national security and economy. The Mining Division, Lowell B. Moon, chief, conducts preliminary examinations, does the actual investigative work, and prepares the final report. The Metallurgical Division, Oliver C. Ralston, chief, analyzes samples and makes beneficiation tests, if such are necessary.Special acknowledgment is made to John Paul Gries, geologist, South Dakota School of Mines, for mapping and interpretation of geology and topography, logging of cores obtained, and his assistance in guiding the drilling."

Mar 1, 1948

By Thomas Fraser, J. D. Davis

"INTRODUCTION Preliminary tests of the Oyon coal constituted part of a wartime exploratory and development program in which many agencies participated. The general objective was to find new and adequate source of fuel and other raw materials for greatly expanded industry.The Oyon coal field, known for at least a hundred years to the mining people of Peru, offers a possible source of high-grade process fuel for the growing metallurgical industries of South America and the Pacific coast. Santolalla 4/ reports that low-volatile coal from this region was used in local smelting operations as early as 1850. It has been mined in very small quanti¬ties for many years and used in neighboring mining camps and villages. Small quantities are regularly used at Oroya for the manufacture of carbide, and in recent years small-scale coking operations in specially designed ovens in the region have demonstrated that these coals will make dense coke.During this long period of desultory operations many small openings have been made scattered over a wide area in this general region, indicating very extensive occurrence of the coal measures, although systematic exploration work has not been undertaken. However, current development work of the Banco Minero del Peru has opened up several substantially parallel highly inclined or vertical beds of workable thickness and has followed these deposits to sufficient lateral extent to prove fairly well the existence of substantial reserves on this property."

Mar 1, 1948

By Don M. Coulter

"INTRODUCTION The Margerum bauxite district, in Colbert County, Ala. was investigated in December 1940 and in February 1943 by R. W. Smith of the Bureau of Mines .3/ A geologist of the Federal Geological Survey investigated and mapped the district in the fall of 1942.These preliminary investigations indicated bauxite showings over an area about a mile long by 2,000 feet wide. It was felt that the chances were good for finding one or more large deposits of low- to medium-grade bauxite. The location - within 35 miles of the alumina plant of the Reynolds Metals Co. atLister Hill, Ala. – made it especially attractive. A field office was established in Iuka, Miss., on May 19, 190,, and mineral agreements were executed with four landowners covering 1,146.6 cores.The drilling on the project was done under contract. The power drilling was supplemented by a labor crew that drilled hand-auger holes, where there was little or no gravel overburden, and sampled the old test pits.The Federal Geological Survey, after thorough study of the district, recommended 54 drill holes 4/ to delimit the known deposits and to search for possible extensions. After the drilling started, many of these locations eliminated, and others were changed upon the basis of information gathered from the holes as they were drilled."

Mar 1, 1948

By Don M. Coulter

"INTRODUCTION Bauxite, in Appalachian Alabama, occurs in the Rock Run and Goshen Valley districts in Cherokee County; in Nences Creek Valley near Jacksonville; near Anniston in Calhoun County; north of Fort Payne in DeKalb County; near Ashville in St. Clair County; and near Talladega in Talladega County.In February 1942, Preston E. Cloud, Jr., assistant geologist, Federal Geological Survey, began a study of these bauxite deposits and the geology relating thereto.The Bureau of Mines established field headquarters at Piedmont, Calhoun County, in July 1942. Mineral agreements covering a total of 11,097 acres were executed with 15 landowners in the Rock Run district; 38 in the Goshen Valley district, covering 7,575.5 acres; and 3 in the Nances Creek Valley district, covering 988.5 acres. Drilling was done on the properties of 9 land¬owners in the Rock Run district, and on the property of 1 landowner each in the Goshen Valley and the Nances Creek districts. Drilling began October 26, 1942, and ceased on May 17, 1943.Power drilling was supplemented by a labor crew that drilled hand-auger holes in shallow deposits and sampled .old shafts, mines, and mine dumps.In all, 222 holes for a total of 13,250 feet were drilled. Of these holes, 88 penetrated bauxite but too low in grade to constitute ore."

Mar 1, 1948

By Robert C. Hickman

"INTRODUCTION The Big Four fault and the Sandy Creek fault, with several cross faults, traverse the Stalion-Curnel fluorspar prospect in a northeasterly direction. The Big Four mine, about three-quarters of a mile northeast of the prospect, is the only active mine in the immediate area.A resistivity survey was made of a portion of the prospect by the Division of Geophysical Exploration, Bureau of Mines, in May and June 1946. As a result of this survey, five holes were drilled by the Bureau of Mines during the period from October 8 to December 16, 1946. Two Longyear No. 12 Junior Straitline diamond drills were used for the work.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSIn its program of investigation of mineral deposits, the Bureau of Mines has as its primary objective more effective utilization of our mineral resources to the end that they make the greatest possible contribution to national security and economy. It is the policy of the Bureau to publish the facts developed by each project as soon as practicable after its conclusion. The Mining Division, Lowell B. Moon, chief, conducts preliminary examinations, does the actual investigative work, and prepares the final report. The Metallurgical Division, Oliver C. Ralston, chief, analyzes samples and makes beneficiation tests.The project was under the supervision of Mitchell H. Kline, chief, Raleigh Branch, Mining Division."

Mar 1, 1948

By J. H. East, D. Harrington

"INTRODUCTION Burning refuse dumps are a common and by no means pleasant sight in most coal-mining distracts; they have been and largely continue to be accepted as a necessary, if undesirable, adjunct to coal-mining operations. The odor, smoke, and fumes emanating from the burning dumps have caused much property damage, as well as aroused unfavorable public sentiment in the areas thus affected; and there is reason to believe that, in at least some cases, they have had an adverse effect on the health of certain communities, adjacent to mines. In some instances such communities have been owned or controlled by the mining companies and in others they are incorporated towns.After the start of World War II, it was necessary for Great Britain to take prompt and effective measures to extinguish or at least blanket the burning refuse dumps at collieries, since the fires served as beacons for the enemy planes; the problem thus became a matter of national security rather than one of local inconvenience. If the United States should become involved in a bombing war, these dumps might became a source of national danger, hence now is a propitious time to at least make a start on available methods of solving this problem. Much progress was made in Great Britain in extinguishing the dump fires that had burned for years and in preventing newly made dumps from taking fire.Burning refuse dumps have not been a national problem in the United States, but they are a nuisance and frequently a danger and often a fruitful cause of poor public relations on account of the odor and fumes. Many progressive coal-mining companies are taking effective and positive action in trying to extinguish old dump fires and to build new dumps so they are less likely to fire.The purpose of this paper is to provide information about the problem as well as on ways to extinguish refuse dump fires, to describe methods of constructing dumps that probably will prevent them from firing, and to point out some of the danger that exists when dumps are improperly built and when they are on fire."

Mar 1, 1948

By T. M. Romslo

"INTRODUCTION This report presents factual data obtained by the Bureau of Mines in the course of an investigation of the Antler mine in the Cedar Valley mining district, Mohave County, Ariz.The Antler property was first examined by Thomas L. Chapman, mining engineer, Bureau of Mines, on December 18, 1943, and January 28, 1944. In June 1945, A. H. Wadsworth, Jr., and R. L. Griggs, geologists, Federal Geo¬logical Survey, examined the Antler mine and several other mines in the district. Both Chapman and Wadsworth recommended diamond drilling of the Antler property to determine the character and extent of ore deposition.In October 1946, the surface and underground workings were surveyed by George Huseman, Mining engineer, and T. M. Romslo, project engineer. The following month Eldred. D. Wilson, geologist of the Arizona Bureau of Mines, assisted by the project engineer, mapped the geology. Subsequently trails were built to drilling sites and diamond drilling started January 16, 1947. The project was completed April 25, 1947.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSIn its program of investigation of mineral deposits, the Bureau of Mines has as its primary objective the more effective utilization of our mineral resources to the end that they make the greatest possible contribution to national security and economy. It is the policy of the Bureau to publish the facts developed by each project as soon as practicable after its conclusion. The Mining Division, Lowell B. Moon, chief, conducts preliminary examinations, does the actual investigative work, and prepares the final report. The Metallurgical Division, O. C. Ralston, chief, analyzes samples and takes beneficiation tests."

Mar 1, 1948