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By Dong-kil Lee

Field tests have been conducted to investigate the characteristics of flow and physical chemistry of acid mine drainage(AMD) in the Hwangji-Yuchang settling pond in south Korea. pH and ferrous concentration of AMD flowed in the settling pond is 6.79 and 25.5 mg/l, respectively. As a results, we found that the ferrous oxidation reacted strongly around the inlet of the pond and the distributions of physicochemical properties is depended on flow characteristics and ferrous oxidation rate of AMD.

May 1, 2011

By J. P. Piguet, Y. Wileveau

ABSTRACT : An experimental programme for damage assessment was performed in the vicinity of the main shaft of Andra’s Underground Research Laboratory, currently under construction in the East of France, when the shaft is crossing the Kimmeridgian marls between 80 and 100 m depth. The mechanical behaviour was analysed by mean of convergence and displacement measurements. The disturbance into the wall was assessed using numerous methods such as measurement of sonic velocities, permeability measurement and VSP measurement in radial boreholes. The intensity of the damaged zone is low, and its extension does not exceed 0.5 time the radius of the shaft. It does not seem to depend on blasting patterns. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG : Ein Forschungs- und Versuchsprogramm wurde aufgestellt, um die beschädigte Zone im Bereich der Kimmeridgemergel zwischen 80 und 100 Meter Tiefe beim Zugangsschacht des im Bau befindlichen Andralabors im Osten Frankreichs zu berechnen. Das mechanische Verhalten der Formationen wird auf der Grundlage von Konvergenz- und Verschiebungsmessungen ermittelt. Verschiedene Messmethoden, wie z.B. mikroseismische Geschwindigkeite Messungen, Permeabilitäs- und Beschleunigungsbestimmungen in strahlenförmigen Bohranordnungen, erlaubten die Ermittlung des Beschädigungscharakters der Schachtwand. Die Intensität der beschädigten Zone ist niedrig, ihre Ausdehnung übersteigt nicht die Hälfte des Radius des Zugangsstollens und scheint unabhängig vom Schema der Sprengstoffanordnungen zu sein. RESUME : Un programme expérimental visant à évaluer la zone endommagée autour du puits d’accès du Laboratoire de Recherche Souterrain de l’Andra actuellement en construction dans l’Est de la France a été mis en œuvre lors de la traversée des marnes du Kimméridgien entre 80 et 100 m de profondeur. Le comportement mécanique des formations est évalué à partir de mesures de convergence et de déplacements. La mise en œuvre de nombreuses méthodes, telles que des mesures microsismiques, des mesures de perméabilité et d’accélérométrie en forages radiaux, a permis de caractériser l’endommagement en paroi du puits. L’intensité de la zone endommagée est faible et son extension ne dépasse pas 0,5 fois le rayon du puits. L’endommagement semble indépendant des schémas de tirs testés.

Jan 1, 2003

By W. Dziurzynski, St. Wasilewski, T. Palka, A. Krach

"Air parameter monitoring systems, regardless of gasometrical protections, provide a significant number of measurement data. The obtained data broadens the knowledge on processes taking place in underground workings and shows the relationships and influence of machines and technological processes on the variability of ventilation parameters in the areas of longwalls. Nowadays, computer simulation methods are increasingly used to reproduce the flow of air and methane mixture in the area of longwalls equipped with shearers. The paper presents the results of a research experiment covering a long-term observation of a longwall area during mining with a shearer using sensors from the mine's monitoring system. Data from sensors for methane concentration, pressure and velocity were used and additional ventilation measurements were taken to determine the parameters characterising the air flow in the area. The influence of different machine cycles in the longwall on the changes of air parameters in the area of the longwall was shown. A numerical model of the ventilation area was developed and the computer program VentZroby was used for the calculations, which allows for the simulation of the process of ventilating the area of the active longwall during the extraction of coal with the use of a shearer and haulage of the run-of-mine. Computer simulation of the influence of the shearer's operation and the methane inflow associated with the distribution of the mixture of air and methane was carried out. The results of the simulation were compared with the data recorded by the monitoring system’s sensors during the measurement experiment. Comparison of the recorded methane concentration courses with the results of a computer simulation of the air and methane flow conditions in the mining area showed changes in the gassiness. INTRODUCTION Studies carried out in the Polish and global mining industry show that methane is an obvious factor in limiting mining production due to the loss of continuity in the operation of longwall complexes in hard coal mines under methane emission hazard (Schatzel et al., 2008). In addition, methane hazards have a significant impact on the safety of the operators of machinery in the longwall. The requirements of Polish regulations and the practice of safe operation of mining longwalls require correct determination of gas concentration, volume flow, as well as pressure and temperature of the flowing air. As part of the research undertaken in the Budryk (Wasilewski, 2010) and Bielszowice (Dziurzynski et al., 2009) mines to assess the methane hazard in the longwalls and workings in the vicinity of the longwall, research experiments were carried out, during which air parameters were recorded by the mine monitoring system and additional testing equipment in different cycles of shearer operation."

Jan 1, 2019

By J. L. Huiatt, M. C. Fuerstenau, M. C. Kuhn

Dithiophosphatogen is the species responsible for flotation of pyrite when dithiophosphate is added as collector. Oxidation of collector apparently occurs by reaction with oxygen adsorbed on the pyrite surface. Oxidation of dithiophosphate and xanthate is also effected with Cu++, Cu(OH) , and Fe+++ and rates of oxidation are presented as a function of pH. Reasons for the selectivity observed when dithiophosphate is added as collector in a natural ore system as compared to xanthate are presented and discussed.

Jan 1, 1972

By K. Schrijver, G. Beaudoin

"Four occurrences of galena-cemented sandstones, exposed in the Lower St. Lawrence - Gaspésie area, are described. They constitute a new, insufficiently explored type of deposit in Quebec.One mineralized body, a minor occurrence, is hosted in Lower Devonian rocks deposited in an estuarine, intertidal river channel during a marine regression; major cements are dolomite and sulphides. Another occurrence, a drilled prospect, is hosted in Upper Silurian rocks deposited unconformably on Cambro Ordovician basement during a marine transgression. With galena and quartz as main cementing minerals, it is similar to some well-known, economic sandstone-lead deposits. A third and fourth, a drilled prospect and a minor occurrence, are hosted in Upper Cambrian rocks deposited on continental slopes. In both, sulphides mainly occupy a secondary porosity. The differences between the third and fourth occurrences are: (1) cementing translucent minerals (carbonates and barite in one; chlorite in the other); (2) chronology of final subsurface dissolution (prior and subsequent to sulphide precipitation, respectively); and (3) important fracture porosity only in the barite-bearing deposit.The diversity of the four occurrences, and the unequal geological knowledge of their respective features, prohibit the formulation of uniform guidelines for further exploration.IntroductionThe attention of the mineral exploration community is drawn to four occurrences of galena-cemented sandstones (Fig. 2A) in the Cambrian of the Taconian Orogen and in the Siluro-Devonian basin of the Lower St. Lawrence and Gaspésie area (Fig. 1). In view of the fact that sandstone-lead deposits (Bjerlykke and Sangster, 1981) are, or have been, mined in several countries (e.g . Laisvall in Sweden: see Rickard et al., 1979; Largentiere in France: see Foglierini et al., 1980), the mere presence of occurrences in Quebec indicates that the mineral potential of some parts of the Appalachians requires further evaluation.Exploration for the deposits considered here is essentially restricted to geological methods and drilJing (e.g . Mainguet Suares and Samama, 1969), since the response to geophysical methods is virtually nil, at least in the initial, surficial stage of an exploration program. As the particular disciplines of geology utilized in exploration depend a great deal on the geological setting of a mineral occurrence, the diversity of the Quebec deposits is of prime importance. Therefore, the four occurrences (Fig. I, Table 1) studied by the authors are herein briefly described with emphasis on their stratigraphic and tectonic setting, and on the evolution of pore space and sequential occlusion of pores and fractures. Prior to further research in and around the occurrences, now in progress (e.g. Beaudoin, 1987; Beaudoin et al., 1987), it is hoped that the following outline will be useful to the explorationist."

Jan 1, 1987

By M Rafty, A Markham, S Atkinson

Australia contains some of the most productive mining areas and is characterised by ancient landscapes and highly variable hydrology. Historical mining of iron ore, coal and other minerals has targeted ore deposits located above water tables, and elevated above creek lines where possible to reduce cost. The downturn in mining caused by falling ore prices over recent years has triggered a drive to reduce cost, maximise yield and delay capital expenditure associated with opening new mines. So as the ore deposits with more favorable mining conditions become depleted there is an increased focus on mining ore associated with valley floors and creek lines. This is demonstrated by a regional assessment of the extent of Channel Iron Deposits (CID) and Iron Ore (Fe) Mines and Deposits in the Pilbara Region of Western Australia (Figure 1). A large proportion of these mines are, or plan to, target high grade CID ore associated with existing creek systems. Figure 2 shows outcropping and inferred sub-cropping CID extents, which suggests there are vast quantities of CID ore deposits throughout the Pilbara Region, intersected by major creeks which could be mined at some point in the future using creek diversions (Atkinson et al., 2017). A similar picture could also be produced for coal mining in Queensland, particularly in areas such as the Bowen Basin.While creek diversions provide an opportunity to maximise the utilisation of these orebodies and extend the life of mine, creek diversions can involve substantial financial, social, environmental and regulatory risks that need to be carefully managed (Markham et al., 2017, Atkinson et al., 2017). This paper discusses the key issues and opportunities associated with diversion decision making. It highlights the importance of using a well-structured assessment methodology that allows key stakeholders to be part of the assessment process and is complementary to material presented in Atkinson et al., (2017). Design considerations for operational and closure designs are presented, as well as mine planning considerations, risks, cost saving opportunities and the benefits of an integrated approach to design. The role technology plays in diversion design and performance monitoring is discussed as are the potential opportunities for the future.CITATION:Atkinson, S, Markham, A and Rafty, M, 2018. Diversion decision making with an integrated approach to design for operations and mine closure, in Proceedings Life-of-Mine 2018, pp 74–79 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 25, 2018

The paper describes the geotechnical as- pects of design and construction of two 12 m diameter concrete lined tunnels from the start of design to completion of construction. Prob- lems occurred due to delay in supply of essen- tial rock support materials from overseas and alternative methods using locally available materials were developed. Several major rock- falls and rock movements occurred and remedial measures are outlined.

Jan 1, 1981

Diversity; what a wonderful topic. Diversity; the condition or quality of being diverse, different, varied to the point that the very word diversity means different things to different people. As one example of diversity the American Science Magazine (April, 1994) contained a light-hearted interview with Dr Noitall who was pushing his case for diversity.

Jan 1, 1996

By A. G. Bulaev

Biohydrometallurgical technologies based on activity of acidophilic microorganisms oxidizing ferrous iron, sulfur, and sulfide minerals are widely used to extract base and noble metals from sulfide ores and concentrates. As sulfide minerals oxidation is exothermic, industrial processes are usually preformed at 40–50°C. Moderate thermophiles predominate under these conditions. Most of moderately thermophilic acidophilic microorganisms that oxidize metal sulfide are mixotrophic, i.e., they use both organic nutrients and CO2 as carbon sources. Carbon availability is crucial for microbial activity and affects efficiency of biohydrometallurgical processes. Aeration with CO2-enriched air is often used to increase microbial activity in biooxidation reactors. Organic nutrients can be used as alternative carbon source for moderately thermophiles performing biooxidation of sulfide concentrates. We performed several experiments with different sulfide concentrates to study effects of organic carbon sources on biooxidation efficiency and demonstrated that application of such organic nutrients as yeast extract (YE) and molasses made it possible to increase biooxidation efficiency. For example, addition of 0.02% YE in the nutrient medium increased biooxidation rate of pyrite–arsenopyrite gold bearing and chalcopyrite concentrates in batch mode at 45°C. YE addition increased oxidation rate of sulfide sulfur and gold recovery level from 65 to 87% and from 73 to 81%, respectively. Similarly, YE addition increased copper extraction from 47 to 54%. At the same time, YE addition increased efficiency of biooxidation of pyrite–arsenopyrite gold bearing concentrate in continuous mode. Without YE addition, oxidation rates of pyrite and arsenopyrite were 65.7% and 94%, while gold extraction was 71%. YE addition (0.02%) made it possible to oxidize 74% and 95 % of pyrite and arsenopyrite and extract 78% of gold. Addition of molasses (0.02%) similarly affected biooxidation efficiency. Thus, addition of organic nutrients in nutrient media is a promising strategy for improvement of biohydrometallurgical processes.

Jan 1, 2018

By G. Wozniak, R. Rostanski, H. Pfanz, G. Aschan, E. Sierka

"Industrial wasteland is a typical element of the landscape of all the industrialised regions in Europe. There are many examples from Poland as well as from other European countries that post-industrial sites have been undergone natural colonisation and succession to establish in some cases ecosystems of greater biological diversity than the original ecosystems. The post-industry sites regardless of any reclamation carried out, undergo natural successional processes. The respective biological diversity (number of species, and number of plant assemblages) reflects the micro-variety of the specific habitat. This paper summarizes the results of investigations, which have been carried out since 1989 on coal mine water sedimentation pools in the Upper Silesia Industry Region. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the diversity of spontaneous plant communities recorded on post-industrial waste sites. In the course of the long time fieldwork, plant assemblages representing nine phytosociological groups have been identified."

Jan 1, 2005

By J. Platt

Recent EPRI research on utilities? likely strategies to reduce sulfur emissions differs sharply from policy analyses showing all- switching or all-scrubbing choices. Energy Ventures Analysis, with Stearns-Catalytic and A. T. Kearney, estimated sulfur-removal costs for scrubbing or switching at virtually all affected plants in the 31 Eastern States. Cost tradeoffs occur between $30 and $40-plus per ton FOB mine in Central Appalachia ($33-44-plus per tonne). 1/2 to 3/4 of total sulfur reductions comes from scrubbing, whose costs act as a cap on low-sulfur coal prices. In a severe environmental scenario, low- sulfur coal demand evaporates, replaced by very low-sulfur (0.7%) coal demand. Additional findings and implications of EPRI coal supply and market studies will be reviewed.

Jan 1, 1987

Jan 1, 1968

Jan 1, 1970

By A. M. Gaudin

Jan 1, 1962

By Albert J. Phillips

The effect of impurities on the flowsheet in the smelting and refining circuits for copper, lead and zinc is reviewed and the interflow of by-poduct metals from copper, lead and zinc plants is pointed out. The principal points of separation of all impurities in the circuits are indicated and the additional steps added to these circuits in order to effect impurity separation me shown. In this day and age, when difficult metallurgy is mentioned, one thinks of the extraction of more refractory or possibly the alkaline earth or rare-earth metals. It is true that the extraction of metals having a high affinity for oxygen and deleterious solubility for that element in the liquid metal, affords some of the most difficult extractive metallurgy problems. When this is coupled with an affinity for hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon a devious approach is required that sometimes rivals the complexity of the metallurgy with which this paper deals. However, in all such cases the aim is for a simple

Jan 1, 1962

By Harvey Brooks

Jan 1, 1963

By R. Schuhmann

Jan 1, 1965

By B. E. Warren

Jan 1, 1965

By John F. Elliott

STAFF: Editor, Gerhard Derge Acting Editor, Poul G. Shewmon Carnegie lnstitute of Technology Schenley Pork Pittsburgh 13, PO. Editorial Assistant, M. A. Redmerski Production Editor, Otto T. Johnson THE METALLURGICAL SOCIETY: Rich-ard C. Cole, President; Karl L. Fetters, Past-President; J. H. Scoff, Vice President; R. L. Henneboch, Treasurer, R. W. Shearman, Secretary. PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE OF THE METALLURGICAL SOCIETY: R. E. Lund, Chairmon; T. E. Dancy, P. R. Gouwens, W. A. Krivsky, F. C. Longenberg, E. R. Morgan, R.R. Nosh, Poul Queneou, W.O. Philbrook, J. H. Scoff, L. L. Seigle, and M. E. Wadsworth. Review and selection of manuscripts is under the supervision of the following Publications Committees: Extractive Metallurgy Division: M. E. Wadsworth, Chairmon; R. E. Grace, Vice Chairman; D. H. Baker, Jr., G. M. Bell, D. H. Bridges, J. M. Cigon, G. W. Healy, R. A. Lewis, C. E. O'Neill, A. W. Schlechten, R. E. Shinkoskey, and W. W. Stephens. Iron and Steel Division: T. E. Dancy, Chairman; A. Muan, D.W. Murphy, R. D. Pehlke, J. M. Uys, J. 5. Wagstoff, and R. G. Word. lnstitute of Metals Division: R. R. Nash, Chairman, H. H. Johnson, Jr., Vice Chairman; M. R. Achter, P. A. Beck, J. J. Becker, G. F. Bolling, J. 0. Brittain, J. 8. Clark, R. 5. Davis, A. E. Dwight, R. W. Fountain, L. A. Girifalco, E. L. Harmon, J. J. Heger, A. A. Hendrickson, L. Himmel, J. P. Hirth, R. H. Richmao, H.C.Rogers, W. Rostoker, 0. D. Sherby. E. A. Steigawald, R. Steinitz, H. C. Stumpf, R. A. Swalin, W. A. Tiller, W. R. Upthegrove, D. Walton, H.W. Weart, and D. Wilsdorf. Published bimonthly by the American lnstitute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc 345 East 47th Street, New York 17. N. Y. Telephone PLaza 2-6800. Subscription $30 per year for non-AIME members in United States and North, South, and Central America; $32, foreign;$30per $7 50 for AlME members. Single copies, $6.00, single copies foreign, $6.50. The AlME is not responsible for any statement made or opinion expressed in its publications ... Copyright 1963 by the American lnstitute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc....Registered cable address, AlME New York . .. Indexed in Engineering Index, Industrial Arts Index, and Chemical Abstracts . . Second class postage paid ot New York, N. Y., and Ann Arbor, Mich. Volume 227, Number 4.

Jan 1, 1963

By F. D. Richardson

STAFF: Editor, Gerhard Derge Carnegie lnstitute of Technology Schenley Park Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213 Editorial Assistant, M. A. Redmerski Production Editor, Otto T. Johnson THE METALLURGICAL SOCIETY: Jack H. Scoff, President; Richard C. Cole, Past-President; Harold 0. Emerick, President-Elect; Ralph L. Hennebach, Treasurer; Robert W. Shearman, Secretary; Donald A. Parks, Assistant Secretary; Leslie S. Wilcoxson, Assistant Secretary. PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE OF THE METALLURGICAL SOCIETY: R. E. Lund, Chairman; T. E. Dancy, H. O. Emerick, P. R. Gouwens, R. E. Grace, J. H. Jackson, H. H. Johnson, A. E. Lee, Jr., R. R. Nosh, R. D. Pehlke, and Paul Queneau. Review and selection of manuscripts is under the supervision of the following Publications Committees: Extroctive Metallurgy Division: R. E. Grace, Choirmon; G. M. Bell, D. W. Bridges, J. M. Cigon, G. W. Heoly, T. A. Henrie, R. D. (Holli-doy, C. E. O'Neill, C. S. Somis, A. W. Schlech-ten, and Charles Shull. Iron and Steel Division: R. D. Pehlke, Choirmon; T. P. Floridis, Arnulf Muon, G. R. St. Pierre, E. T. Turkdogan, L. H.Von Vlock, and J. M. Uys. lnstitute of Metals Division: H. H. Johnson, Jr., Chairman; J. B. Clark, Vice Choirmon; M. R. Achter, G. F. Bolling. J. O. Brittoin, G. P. Conard, II, R. S. Davis, L. A. Girifolco, G. T. Hohn, J. P. Hirth, L. Himmel, G.T.horn, George Krauss, J. D. Livingston, R. D. Manning, H. M. Otte, S. V. Rodcliffe, R. E. Reed-Hill, H. C. Rogers, E. ScaIa, O. Sherby, M. T. Simnad, G. R. Speich, E. A. Steigerwald, R. A. Swolin, W. A. Tiller, W. R. Upthegrove, J. B. Wagner, Jr., Derek Wolton, H. W. Weart, W. W. Webb, and D. Published seven times yearly in February, March, April, June, August, October, and December by the American lnstitute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc., 345 East 47th Street New York, N. Y. 10017. Telephone PLAZA 2 -6800. Subscription $30 per year for non-AtME members m United States and North, South, and Central America; $32, foreign; $7.50 for AlME members Single copies, $6.00, single copier foreign, $6.50. The AiME is not responsible for any statement made or opinion expressed in its publications . . . Copyright 1964 by the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc. . . . Registered cable address, AiME New York Indexed in Engineering Index, Industrial Arts Index, and Chemical Abstracts. Second dost postaas poid ot New York, N. Y.,ond Ann Arbor, Mich. Volume 230, Number 6.

Jan 1, 1964