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By M. A. Stogran-Baker, S. Cole

"Fluorspar mining occurred in the St. Lawrence area from the 1930s until the mid 1980s. In 2013, CFI discovered a new ore body, the AGS vein, which proved amenable to more economic open pit mining methods. A new mill was designed to produce 200,000 tonnes per year of high quality, acid-grade fluorspar concentrate. The simple mill flowsheet includes crushing, dense medium separation (DMS), grinding, sulphide flotation, pulp thickening, fluorite flotation, thickening, and concentrate filtration. The type of flotation cell used is being installed for the first time in North America. Site clearing commenced in the spring of 2016, followed by mill building erection completed by the fall of the same year. Civil and mechanical installation as well as site-wide construction was completed by the end of September 2017. Commissioning commenced, and at the time of paper submission mill production is on track to ramp up to full capacity by the beginning of 2018. This paper will focus on the use of fluorine NMR analysis applied to fluorite and the development of on-stream analysis, flotation cell selection and the decision to install the new cells, and the water control program designed to maintain process control with the least possible environmental impact.HISTORY St. Lawrence is located on the south-eastern coast of the Burin Peninsula in Newfoundland and Labrador. The first occurrence of fluorspar in the St. Lawrence area was recorded in 1843 by British geologist J.B. Jukes (DNR 2010). Fluorspar was likely extracted in small quantities prior, however commercial fluorspar mining did not commence until 1933 at the Black Duck Mine. The Black Duck Mine operation processed ore by washing and screening – acid-grade was hand-picked from the oversize, the undersize was sold as a lower grade product. The Black Duck Mine was closed in 1941 (Wilson 2010). The American Fluorspar Limited (New Fluor) commenced operations on the Director vein in 1936, and was bought by Alcan in 1942 (Cooper 2012). Alcan also developed the Iron Springs as well as the Tarefare deposits. The Black Duck Mine mill had closed, and a new mill was built. This new mill crushed the ore prior to dense medium separation, the sinks of which were sent to Quebec for use in Alcan’s aluminum smelter (CFI 2016). Alcan shut down it’s mining operations in 1977 due to the dropping price of fluorspar as well as labour disputes. In 1986, the British-based Minworth Limited began producing ore from underground at Blue Beach North and Blue Beach South, as well as from open pits at Tarefare and Director veins (Cooper 2012). A new mill was built by Minworth in order to process the ore using flotation to produce an acid-grade concentrate. The low price of fluorspar caused Minworth to shut down operations in 1990. Whilst exploration has been ongoing, no mining had occurred in the area since 1990."

Jan 1, 2018

By G. R. MANSON

The Brisco Barite Mine lies 70 km south-southeast of Golden, British Columbia. Barile mineralization occurs in a northstriking brecciation zone within Ordovician-Silurian Beaver/ oot dolomites and quartzites. Brecciation was caused by faulting related to the Mount Forster-Steamboat Fault. The main barite vein occupies a fault zone and is up to 12 m wide and over 250 m long. It is light grey to white, fine grained and compact; BaSO4 content is 9/. 70 per cent. Production started in 1945 and has continued to the present. Barile originally was removed from an open pit; later, an adit, begun in 1957, reached more than 240 m along the vein, 15 m below the pit floor. Today ore is hoisted from a decline resting some 37 m below the pit floor.

Jan 1, 1984

By R. W. Diamond

PUBLIC debts, and the policies guiding public finance in Canada today, are in such a state that every intelligent citizen should be familiar with them, and should be concerned about them. None of you have robe reminded that taxes have already risen to a point where they both annoy and hurt you, but they should also alarm you; alarm you, not so much because of the taxation, but because of the mounting expenditures represented by that taxation. I have no hesitation, therefore, in presenting a paper dealing with public finance at a meeting of the Mining Institute, since all present are concerned,. both as individuals and as representatives of the industry. Moreover, it is important that engineers, particularly, should become better acquainted with the interlocking relationships of economics, public finance, government, and technology. While I am neither an economist, a tax expert, nor a chartered accountant, I shall try to tell you, from my viewpoint as an engineer and an interested voter, the story of public finance in Canada today and of certain causes and effects, and I shall venture certain conclusions. In doing so I may merit criticism by experts, but I will risk this in the hope that sufficient interest will be stimulated in the subject to persuade you, as individuals and as groups, to advance, or to institute, your own studies in public finance, and in turn to interest others. I hope that some of the ideas which will be expressed, or which may develop, will bear fruit. I fully realize that several eminently qualified men have spoken on this subject during recent months, and that many authoritative articles have been written. However, I approach it with confidence, because I propose speaking to you not as an authority, bur as one of you, having similar interests and similar engineering knowledge, who only a few months ago became particularly interested in the subject, studied it, and who now sets before you a summary of his findings, with the conviction that the situation is so serious that constructive planning and constructive action by all thinking citizens are imperative.

Jan 1, 1939

By Yasser Mohamed

Daily field management of earthmoving operations requires quick and regular decisions for allocating available equipment to different jobs on a project. A general foreman?s day starts with matching several activities with a suitable set of available equipment to achieve the highest productivity and lowest unit cost. Usually, this decision-making process needs to be quick, and depends to a great extent on the foreman?s experience, which varies from one individual to another. Many analytical solutions with various degrees of sophistication and optimization exist to address such decisions. However, adopting any of these solutions is contingent on how accessible and easy-to-use the solution is. This paper discusses the development process of a webaccessible solution for evaluating earthmoving fleet composition and allocation scenarios. The solution relies on discrete event simulation and an optimization backend engine, but introduces the user with a simplified and easy-to-use interface that is accessible from any mobile device, and is customized to specific user?s needs. The developed system gathers most equipment and site-related input data from a company?s information systems to minimize user input. The user mainly needs to formulate equipment and job combinations and allocation scenarios (e.g. soil type, quantity, and hauling distance), according to equipment availability each day. Then the system will evaluate the productivity and unit cost estimates for each scenario, allowing the user to choose the most suitable one. It may also be used to automatically recommend the optimum solution given an available list of equipment. The paper presents the process followed in prototyping the proposed system in collaboration with a major Canadian earthmoving contractor, and customizing it to the user needs within the company. It also describes the overall structure of the developed system and its core simulation model.

Aug 1, 2013

By R. Lowery

TODAY, man uses, at will, the land, the water, and the air to transport himself and his goods everywhere across the face of the world. He no longer thinks with wonder of the magic of conquering these elements - he takes his mastery of them for granted. He is, however, constantly striving to squeeze more and more efficiency from each mode of transport. Man's first method of transporting himself and his goods was, obviously, himself; then he acquired his first beast of burden - woman. Most other two-legged female animals carried their young around clinging to their fur. Human mothers were, generally speaking, furless and their offspring less 'Prehensile, and so slings and other trappings were invented to carry young children. Man's inventive genius soon adopted these devices for carrying other burdens, and for countless centuries woman carried all in order that man could walk unencumbered except by his weapons. Later other ?beasts of burden were trained and used, including dogs, horses, oxen, camels, etc. Man also discovered quite early that he could drag along the ground more than he could carry on his back.

Jan 1, 1956

By W. J. Mcgaughey, M. A. Vallée

"Abstract -The application of geophysical technology to resource delineation aims to improve the quality of resource/reserve estimates by integrating high-resolution survey methods, geophysical modeling and inversion with three-dimensional representations of geological and mineral deposit data. The use of geophysics can cost-effectively improve a geological interpretation based only on geological and sampling data. Success depends upon the ability to use geological visualization and modeling software, first to develop a three-dimensional geological model and then to modify it interactively by integrating geophysical data with the geological and sampling data.The high resolution required for mineral delineation geophysics results in a focus on borehole seismic and high-frequency electromagnetic methods. Borehole wireline logging is used to develop an understanding of the relationship between physical properties and geological description. Data from core samples and borehole wireline logs allow the construction of a three-dimensional physical property distribution, consistent with the existing geological interpretation. The three-dimensional physical property distribution is used for both geophysical forward modeling (to compare to field data) and as a starting model in iterative inversions.Advanced visualization techniques allow the simultaneous viewing of the three-dimensional physical property model, the geological information and data from which it is derived, and the geological interpretation and the geophysical results. Geophysical results may be simulated responses from a forward model or the output from a numerical inversion in the form of an updated physical property distribution. Iterative refinement of the geological interpretation is required to ensure consistency with the geological and geophysical data. The key to success with this approach is that all relevant geological, geophysical, and rock property data reside in a common, visual model of the earth.Examples from massive sulfide deposits illustrate the benefits obtained by the integration of geophysical and geological data."

Jan 1, 1998

By G. W. Smith

"The adsorption of dehydroabietylamine acetate on quartz, hematite, rutile and baddeleyite has been deter-mined for concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 5,600 µ. moles/I and for pH values ranging from 2.5 to 10.5.The surface tension, UV and IR spectra, equivalent conductance and ion concentrations for dehydroabiety lamine acetate solutions have been determined.Contact-angle and flotability studies have established that good collection may be obtained with this amine but that selectivity depends on the suitable use of depressants for some of the minerals."

Jan 1, 1971

By B. Karnath, K. Guha, S. Tandon

At Jhagadia Copper Ltd (India), Copper is produced through secondary route using Top Blown Rotary Converter (Kaldo Furnace). The basic raw material being treated includes Matte-slag Reverts, Copper Cakes, dross & Cement, Oxide Ore, Low S bearing Concentrates & various metallics along with high grade copper scraps. The plant has capability to refine & produce Blister grade copper from Kaldo furnace as well as PS Converter . Blister is fire refined in Anode furnace & electro refined in Refinery to produce cathode copper. Our product , Copper Cathode , has already been established in the market as its quality is better than 'LME Gr'. The paper deals with the experiences encountered during commissioning & stabilization of the plant.

Jan 1, 2007

By D. M. Baird

Copper mineralization occurs at several places along the shore of Notre Dame bay, Newfoundland, and at one time formed the basis of a considerable mining industry. The sources of the mineralizing solutions and the structural settings of some of the deposits have not been clearly understood. This paper reports new investigations into the origin and structure of the deposits between Bett's cove and Stocking harbour, in a strip about ten miles long and two miles wide along the western shore of Notre Dame bay. The most complete previous descriptions of the area are those of Snelgrove (1929, 1931, 1938), Douglas, Williams and Rove (1940), and the writer (1947). The discovery of the Bett's Cove deposits took place about 1860, soon after the discovery of the well-known Tilt Cove deposits to the north. Several other small prospects were found between Bett's cove and Stocking harbour between 1880 and 1910. At Bett's cove, active mining began in 1875 and a small smelting plant was built near the mine in 1877. .Mining operations came to an abrupt halt in 1883 after a major cave-in. In 1900, and again in 1906, attempts were made to drain the old workings and reopen the mine but were abandoned long before completion. Total production amounted to about 130,000 tons of hand-picked copper ore which averaged about ten per cent copper, and 2,450 tons of pyrite (Snelgrove, 1938, pp. 52-55).

Jan 1, 1948

By Weiren Lin

The Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki, Japan earthquake occurred on 11 March 2011 produced a maximum coseismic slip of >50 m near the Japan Trench. To investigate why the plate boundary fault between the subducting Pacific Plate and overriding North American Plate which caused the earthquake had such unprecedented large coseismic displacement and slipped to the trench, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 343 called Japan Trench Fast Drilling Project (JFAST) drilled three boreholes at Site C0019 through the earthquake fault about one year after the earthquake. Borehole C0019B dedicated to loggingwhile- drilling (LWD) penetrated ~850 meters below seafloor (mbsf) at a water depth of approximately 6890 m. The plate boundary fault is located at ~820 mbsf in the borehole and has been identified as the slip zone during the Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Borehole wall resistivity images obtained from LWD show that drilling induced borehole breakouts are available in a wide depth range above the fault but are not available below the fault. Breakouts are reliable indicators of the orientations of current maximum and minimum horizontal stresses and can also be used to constrain the horizontal maximum and minimum stress magnitudes. As results of breakout analyses, the maximum horizontal stress orientation highly varied in the upper part of the borehole, but has a clear preferred orientation in a northwest – southeast direction in the deeper part just above the fault. This orientation is approximately parallel to the direction of the Pacific Plate subduction. Stress magnitude constraints indicate that the post-earthquake stress states in the hanging wall are either in or close to the normal faulting stress regime. By inferring the pre-earthquake stress state and comparing with the constrained post-earthquake stress state, a significant coseismic stress change was interpreted. The stress change suggests an active slip of the frontal plate-interface consistent with coseismic fault weakening and a nearly total stress drop.

Jan 1, 2015

By H. A. Khorami, T. Wong, B. Velapatino, E. Asselin, T. Donnelly, E. Bryce, R. Dixon

A copper–nickel concentration gradient alloy was designed and fabricated through a powder metallurgy (PM) process. Copper and nickel powders were mixed with different weight ratios from 0 to 100% copper in 10% increments. Each powder mixture was poured inside a cylindrical die and compacted between two punches using a hydraulic press machine at pressures up to 70 MPa, resulting in approximately 1 mm thick layers (discs) of pressed Cu–Ni powder. These 11 Cu–Ni compacted powder layers, i.e. 0–100% Cu with 10% increments, were then compressed together with pressures up to 420 MPa to form a green part. The green part was sintered in a vacuum furnace at 1000°C for 10 hours to form a solid mass (PM part) of Cu–Ni concentration gradient alloy. In the sintering process, Cu and Ni particles fused together and formed a single piece due to diffusion of the atoms across the boundaries of the particles. The diffusion of atoms also converted the stepwise concentration change into a uniform concentration gradient. INTRODUCTION Copper has numerous applications in different industrial sectors due to its superior physical, electrical, mechanical and chemical properties such as its excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, resistance to fatigue, high ductility, and resistance to corrosion. Moreover, copper and its alloys have natural antimicrobial properties. This has opened up new applications for copper–based self–disinfecting surfaces in healthcare in an effort to mitigate healthcare–associated infections (HAIs). HAIs affect millions of patients each year, leading to significant morbidity and mortality as well as financial losses to healthcare systems (World Health Organization, 2016). HAIs spread through three main routes: (a) iatrogenic in which HAIs are a direct consequence of medical encounters and/or treatment; (b) person to person where organisms are transferred between healthcare workers, patients, and visitors; and (c) environmental where transmission occurs via contaminated surfaces and equipment (e.g. doorknobs, railings, toilets/commodes, medical carts). The use of antimicrobial copper–based materials on high touch surfaces could diminish pathogen transmission via this latter rout. This has subsequently led to the development of a variety of copper–based materials for use in healthcare settings and promoted the investigation of the antimicrobial efficacy of copper–based materials.

Jan 1, 2019

By G. F. Round

In order to obtain values of angle of shearing resistance and initial resistance for McMurray oil sand for use in general design calculations, the shear strength of this oil sand was measured in a controlled strain type tester, modified so that the rate of deformation could be varied between 0.01725 and 0.1869 inches per minute. Effect of temperature was investigated by adapting the equipment to operate at both 71 ° and 185 °F. The data are reported in terms of angle of shearing resistance and initial resistance for varying rates of deformation, composition and temperature. While the main sets of results reported here were obtained at a bulk density range of 108.7- 109.5 lb. / cu. ft., some results were obtained at a bulk density range of 101-102 lb. / cu. ft. Analysis of varance tables have been drawn up from the results obtained from least squares correlations and significance tests applied. It was concluded that oil content and temperature were significant variables for the degree of shear strength developed by the oil sand; increase of oil content and decrease of temperature each cause an increase in shear strength. The bulk density range 108.7 to 109.5 lb./cu. ft. gave angles of shearing resistance from 30° to 40° and initial resistance values of 0.37 p.s.i. to 0.85 p.s.i. For the bulk density range 101 to 102 lb. / cu. ft., lower values of shear strength were obtained, indicating that compaction density was also of importance

Jan 1, 1960

By R. Bainbridge

"IntroductionTHE LEAD SMELTING Department of The Consolidated Mining •and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited (Cominco), at Trail, B.C. treats materials from numerous sources for the recovery of lead, •and, of secondary importance, for the .recovery of sulphur as S02• The Department's sintering section has a .capacity of 1,500 tons daily. This section is being replaced by •a new charge-•handling and sintering plant with a daily capacity of 2,000 tons of finished sinter. Materials handled in the sintering section comprise concentrates, ores, and fluxes from Company mines and from 'custom' (independent) producers, together with intermediate products from various plants of Cominco'•s Metallurgical Division, all of which must be treated to, make up a chemically balanced charge of a predetermined lead content for the sintering plant.As received, 80 •per .cent of these materials are finer than 200 mesh, and one-quarter of the tonnage (dry basis) is a slurry .at 30 to 40 per cent moisture. This slurry, a -residue from the electrolytic zinc operation, was, for many years, partially dried before being mixed with other dry materials to make up the sinterplant charge.Some experimental work carried out in 1937 indicated that the metallurgy of the sintering operation could be improved by adopting a technique of 'wet-mixing' followed by controlled drying and nodulizing."

Jan 1, 1953

By R. Le

"The principles of noise control aredescribed with particular emphasis on personalactive units as opposed to passive ear muffspresently in general use. A discussion followsfor their potential use in a mining environment.RÉSUMÉNous décrivons brièvement quelquesprincipes de contrôle de bruit à l’usage person-nel, puis nous passons en revue quelquescasques commerciaux dotés de ces circuits àprincipe actif. Enfn nous discutons de leurusage potentiel dans le contexte minier.IntroductionLe casque à principe actif est un produitqui existe commercialement, mais encore peurépandu en usage, sûrement à cause du prix,mais aussi de sa méconnaissance par le grand public. Il arrive parfois qu’un journaliste trouvele produit fantastique et le médiatise commeune réalisation de son pays (ou de sa province),mais peu savent qu’il s’agit là d’un principe quia commencé dans les années 30. Par delà lesensationnel, il reste que si l’on veut mettre lamain sur un de ces casques pour l’essayer, on nesait où l’obtenir. De plus, les casques n’utilisentpas tous le même principe actif. C’est la raisonpour laquelle nous faisons cette brève compara-ison. Nous le faisons en mettant l’accent pourune possible utilisation dans le domaine minier,car c’est dans ce milieu que les usagers sontconfrontés aux bruits les plus intenses qui peu-vent endommager leur système auditif, ce quin’exclut pas les autres situations (travaux publics, foresterie, écoute hi-f, etc.)."

Jan 1, 1997

By Carlos Rebolledo, Nelson Parra

Arsenic is an unresolved problem in the mining industry considering the fact that most of the new copper deposits have high arsenic contents; stricter environmental restrictions for handling, transporting and processing complex materials are expected and stable abatement of arsenic is not extensively applied. In 2018 Chile produced 24.5% of the total copper from concentrates and in the future copper production in Chile is expected to increase, mainly associated with production of concentrates that will also contain more arsenic. China has set an import benchmark of maximum 0.5% for arsenic content in copper concentrates and this value is expected to be more restrictive in the future. On the first day of 2018 China banned the importation of scrap. Blending practice has been a business option, but it is not sustainable in the future, as “normal” copper concentrates become less and less clean. By the end of 2018, Chile formulated new regulations, increasing the capture of SO2 and arsenic to 95%. In order to comply with these regulations Chilean smelters had to make large invest large amounts of money. Disposing of arsenic as a stable residue is a pending issue. EcoMetales is a 100% subsidiary of Codelco and provides the mining industry with environmental solutions. It has a plant near Calama in Chile that treats flue dust from smelters, refinery effluents and acid solutions from acid plants. EcoMetales is fully committed to contributing to the solution to the arsenic problem. Currently we are developing four main projects: 1) Concentrates treatment. A PLCC project considering the treatment of 200 ktpy of copper concentrates with arsenic from the northern district of Codelco; 2) EPAS DET project considering the treatment of 700 m3/d of weak acid solution with arsenic from the of El Teniente devision of the Codelco acid plant; 3) Borras project, considering the recovery of valuable metals (Cu, Ag, Ge, Pb) from the flue dust leaching plant; 4) Tailings project, considering the recovery of metal values from tailings. The purpose of this work is to present the trends and treatment processes for arsenic handling in the copper mining industry with a focus on the scorodite process. INTRODUCTION Between 2000 and 2015 the global copper concentrates production has grown from approximately eleven to fifteen million metric tons per year. Chile produced 26.5% of the total copper from concentrates and in the future copper production in Chile is expected to increase, mainly as a result of the production of concentrates (Figure 1)

Jan 1, 2019

By W. J. Przybylowicz, V. M. Prozesky, D. de Bruin

"The common style of gold mineralization in the Basal Reef and other auriferous conglomerates of the Witwatersrand Supergroup comprises clusters of gold grains occurring interstitially to quartz and pyrite pebbles as well as gold accumulations attached to the surface of and infilling hairline cracks and fractures in round, compact, detrital pyrite. The latter textural association is generally interpreted as a result of remobilization of originally detrital gold during regional metamorphism and related hydrothermal fluid circulation. There is general agreement that, although gold solubility was low, ore modification occurred during the metahydrothermal event, but uncertainty exists about the magnitude and scale of gold remobilization.Micro-textural and chemical investigation of compact round pyrite and associated gold accumulation has established that gold is preferentially deposited on chemically heterogeneous pyrite surfaces. Combinations of alternating high- and low-As zones in pyrite result in mixed np-type conductivity accompanied by electron exchange and the reduction-driven deposition of gold at the cathode. This model does not explain gold accumulations which are not immediately linked to chemical heterogeneities and it is inferred that an additional control on the deposition of gold was exerted by physical defects which lead to zones of increased charge density and/or areas of focussed conductivity. The inferred precipitation mechanisms suggest that submicrocopic physical and chemical controls are the important factors that determined the sites of gold nucleation and that precipitation mechanisms based on physicochemical changes of the hydrothermal system were not involved. The Basal Reef contains on average close to 5OJo of round, detrital, chemically zoned pyrite which provides a large number of electrochemically active pyrite surfaces. The extremely effective electrochemical precipi- . tation mechanism together with the low solubility of gold in Witwatersrand fluids is the main reason for the spatially restricted remobilization of gold in the conglomerate reefs."

Jan 1, 1994

By B. F. Osborne

"A new sensor cannot be considered in isolation from the process in which it is utilized. This paper, describing an on-stream particle size analyzer, therefore gives considerable emphasis to the slurry handling techniques employed to ensure that the instrument is presented with a representative sample. A new sampler is described, which continuously abstracts a small, representative sample from a closed pipeline containing a flowing slurry. This sample is then diluted, thoroughly mixed and pumped to a head tank, from where a continuous stream is fed at a constant rate to the size analyzer. Data are presented to show that particle size segregation is minimal throughout this sampling and sample preparation. A continuous particle size analyzer based on a separation principle is described, and the basic parameters of size distributions, and how they relate to this particular instrument, are considered. Typical results are given. An electronic system is presented which accepts the basic sensor outputs, and converts these to a particle size signal suitable for process control. Finally, the use of an inplant computer to process the sensor signals to obtain a particle size signal is briefly considered."

Jan 1, 1972

By R. B. Ellestad

Introduction Lithium has been known since 1817, when it was discovered by the Swedish chemist, Arfvedson, while working in the laboratory of Berzelius on the chemical analysis of the mineral petalite, LiAl(Si205)2. Development of the chemistry of lithium proceeded slowly, following the early work of Davy, Gmelin, Bunsen, and Matthiessen. Approximately seventy years elapsed before lithium products assumed any commercial importance, and for a considerable period it was a' very minor industry. Their chief early use seems to have been in medicine, and in the production of lithiated water. Other more important uses were gradually discovered, and the industry has had a slow but steady growth. Chemistry Lithium is classified as an alkali metal, along with sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cæsium. Like these, it is a silvery-white metal, which can be cut with a knife; it is harder than sodium, but softer than lead" It is remarkable in having a density of only 0.53 gram per cubic centimeter, which makes it the lightest metal. On ignition in air, it burns intensely to form chiefly lithium monoxide, Li2O. Like the other alkali metals, lithium reacts vigorously with water to form hydrogen and lithium hydroxide. The later is a strong base, and reacts with acids to form salts. The salts of lithium are in general analogous to those of the -other alkalies, but many of them have unique properties. For example, lithium chloride and bromide are extremely hygroscopic, and have a very high water solubility. Lithium fluoride, phosphate, and carbonate, on the other hand, are all relatively insoluble, unlike the corresponding sodium and potassium compounds. In this instance, lithium exhibits its frequent tendency to resemble the alkaline-earth group of elements (calcium, strontium, and barium). Many of the special and valuable properties of lithium are related to the extremely small size of the lithium ion.

Jan 1, 1948

By F. S. Thurner

This paper, a description of the new ore-unloading and stockpiling facilities at the Sydney Works of DOSCO Steel Limited, deals with a new approach to arrive at the most economical solution to combine ore unloading facilities for common bulk carriers and for different types of self-unloading vessels. Also discussed is the design and installation of a 1-mile-long steel-cord belt conveyor sys-tem with a most modern type of mobile belt conveyor stacker, along with automatic and semi-automatic controls for the entire ship-unloading and stockpiling operations.

Jan 1, 1968

By S. R. Stopic

The EU-financed INTREAT Project (Integrated treatment of industrial wastes to¬wards prevention of regional water resources contamination) addresses the environmental pollution associated with solid and liquid wastes/effluents produced by complex sulphide ore mining and metallurgical activities. The results concerning the electrolytic recovery of cop¬per from effluents formed after mixing of streams from Copper Refining, Precious Metals Plant and Electrolyte Regeneration in the Balkan Area will be shown. The waste water is characterized by low pH values and high contents of heavy metals, such as Cu, Ni, Bi, As, Sb. The majority of these waste water flow untreated into the natural water streams and through the network of existing rivers, which end up in the river Danube. The influence of current density and flow rate on the deposition rate, the quality of copper and the process efficiency will be presented. The full continuous process is based on cells with rotating disc cathodes and represents a pre-treatment step before common neutralisation in a cascade line

Jan 1, 2007