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By Kenneth Williamson

La découverte de nouveaux gisements métallifères constitue le point de départ du développement de l'industrie minérale. Or, au cours de ces dernières années, le nombre de ces découvertes a fortement diminué dans les territoires classiquement explorés, entraînant une recrudescence de l?exploration dans les terrains géologiques de grade métamorphique élevé (e.g., Province de Grenville, Grand Nord du Québec). Ces derniers ont été traditionnellement considérés comme stériles à cause (i) de la monotonie apparente des gneiss qui les composent, (ii) de la difficulté d?identifier leurs protolites, (iii) des changements importants dans l?apparence des gîtes recherchés reliés au fort degré de déformation et de métamorphisme et (iv) des théories qui prônent un lessivage important des cations et des métaux d?intérêt économique par les processus de déshydratation des roches lors du métamorphisme régional (Weaver et Tarney, 1985; Vokes, 2000). Cependant, l?avancée des connaissances dans la compréhension des gîtes métallifères et de leurs terrains hôtes gneissiques intensément métamorphisés, montre que les systèmes géochimiques des roches altérées demeurent robustes (p. ex. ; Trägårdh, 1991; Craig et Vokes, 1993; Geringer et al., 1994; Schandl et al., 1995; Zaleski et Peterson, 1995; Vokes, 2000; Blein et al., 2003, sous presse). Bien sûr, les sulfures peuvent être localement remobilisés et même fondre, mais cette remobilisation n?implique pas forcément la disparition du gîte hôte (Williams, 1990) et peut s?avérer, bien au contraire, bénéfique pour la rentabilité d?un gîte en augmentant sa teneur en minerais (Marshall et al., 2000). Jusqu?à présent, dans les terrains métamorphiques, les contextes sédimentaires et plutoniques ont été reconnus et respectivement explorés pour les gîtes de type SEDEX et les gîtes magmatiques de Ni-Cu. L?étude de gîtes de métaux de base et précieux intensément métamorphisés (faciès des granulites) et leur comparaison avec des gîtes équivalents peu on non métamorphisés a permis d?établir, au cours des dernières décennies, des outils pour l?exploration des terrains de haut-grade métamorphique (Vokes, 1991, 2000; Slack et al., 1993; Spry et al., 2000). Ces outils sont basés sur la reconnaissance de roches diagnostiques d?une circulation ou d?une exhalation de fluides hydrothermaux telles que les méta-exhalites (formation de fer, coticules, tourmalinites, roches riches en quartz-gahnite, en apatite, en barite ou en staurolite zincifère) (Spry, 2000; Spry et al., 2000). Ils sont utilisés constamment dans les ceintures supracrustales riches en roches métasédimentaires.

May 1, 2003

By Z. -E. Nakagawa, O. Yamamoto

After the formation of a concentration gradient of SiC within C-C composite, either zircon or mullite thin films were coated on the surface by sol-gel process. Oxidation resistance tests of as-prepared composites with a couple consisting of a ceramic thin film and a SiC-gradient were then carried out in air at the temperature range from 600 to 1600°C. By the coating of zircon with a thickness of 1.5 µm, a pronounced oxidation resistance was observed; the mass loss by oxidation was almost negligible at 1000°C and one hundredth of original composite at 1400°C. In the case of the coating of mullite with a thickness of 1.0 pm, the marked improvement in oxidation resistance over the whole temperature range examined, from 600 to 1600°C, was found with the combination of a SiC-gradient and a mullite thin film

Jan 1, 2004

By H. J. Meyer

"A hydrostatic elevation difference meter has been developed for use in measuring elevations along gravity traverses. Elevations of stations 100 feet apart can be obtained at a rate of 1/2 mile per hour and to an accuracy better than 1/3 foot. This can be done along traverses which have not been cut and chained. The instrument is durable, lightweight and constructed of materials which will withstand any temperature encountered in field work.It is believed that this device will more than double the rate at which gravity surveys over mining prospects can be carried out."

Jan 1, 1972

By X. -G. Chen, K. Liu, N. Parson

"Precipitation-strengthening 6xxx alloys are widely used for building and construction and automobile industries due to their high strength, good weldability and corrosion resistance. However, their elevated-temperature properties (250–300°C) decrease rapidly due to the fast-coarsening of precipitates. On the other hand, dispersoid-hardening is one of the most efficient approaches to improve the elevated-temperature properties. Therefore, the evolution of dispersoids during heat treatment in Al-Mg-Si-Mn alloys was investigated in the present work. Various heat treatments with temperatures ranging from 300–500°Cfor up to 24 hours were performed. Electrical conductivity and microhardness were measured while optical and scanning electron microscopy combined with image analysis, were used to characterize the dispersoids. Special emphasis was placed on the evolution of the size and number density of the dispersoids under different heat treatment parameters. It was found that dispersoids started to precipitate at 350°Cfor 1 hour. Nucleation and growth were the main mechanisms at temperatures up to 400°Cwhile coarsening occurred at temperatures above 450°C. The quantitative results indicated that dispersoids precipitation reached the optimum condition after treatment at 400°Cfor 2–4 hours with a fine size and high number density, resulting in the highest hardness.INTRODUCTIONThe precipitation-hardening 6xxx aluminum alloys with major alloying elements of Mg and Si are one of the most widely used aluminum alloys for building and construction and automobile industries (Dinaharan & Murugan, 2012). In recent years, there have been increasing demands for aluminum structural components to be used at elevated temperatures (250–300°C) for different applications. However, the mechanical properties of 6xxx alloys at elevated temperature are typically reduced due to the rapid coarsening of precipitates at 250–300°C. It has been reported that the yield strength (YS) of AA6061 in the peak-aged condition drops from 276 MPa at room temperature to only 30 MPa at 315°C(Kaufman, 1999). Therefore, it is a key concern to improve the elevated-temperature properties of 6xxx alloys to expand their range of applications."

Jan 1, 2018

By W. S. (Steve) Vaughan

The Origins of Joint Ventures in Canada?s Mining Industry ? Among the most important financing structures used in our mineral industry today ? Virtually unheard of in the Canadian industry prior to the 1970s ? Borrowed from the U.S. oil and gas sector where it came into prominence in the late 1930s ? The Securities Acts of 1933 and 1934 in effect killed the sale of (equity) shares for financing oil and gas wells and start up mining companies

May 1, 2013

By R. L. Alexander

"Madawaska Mines Limited, incorporated in 1975 is the successor to Faraday Uranium Mines Limited. The history of the latter's mine development and corporate changes are outlined. This paper describes the geology of the Bancroft area and the rock types found in the mine, particularly the pegmatite which is the host rock for the uranium. The structure, mineralogy and distribution of the ore shoots are described with the method of grade control and mine development. The paper concludes with a summary of the production and mineral reserves.Location, Access, and PropertyMadawaska Mines Limited is located in Faraday Township, Hastings County, Ontario. The mine is in the N.T.S. quadrant 31 F/ 4, Bancroft sheet and near 46 degrees 01 minute latitude, 77 degrees 46 minutes longitude. The mine is one-half mile north of Highway 28, five miles (8 km) west of Bancroft, and is accessible by various highways from Toronto, Ottawa, Peterborough, and Belleville. (Fig. 1). A landing strip for small aircraft is located at the northwestern edge of Bancroft. Bancroft is a modern community with a population of 2,400. The company has the mineral rights to 2982 acres (1207 hectares) surrounding the mine workings and plant which are situated in the north parts of Lots 16 and 17, Concession XI, Faraday Township."

Jan 1, 1986

By W. Holdsworth

The flotation mill of Dentonia Mines, Limited, at Greenwood, B.C., went into operation on April 20th, 1934, and by October 11th a total of 15,000 tons of ore had been treated. It is intended in this paper to describe briefly the operation and to give some of the operating data which have been gathered. The metallic minerals in the Dentonia ore are pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, and, occasionally, native gold, and the gangue includes chloritic material, vein quartz, and calcite. Pyrite makes up about 90 per cent of the metallic content of the ore, in which it is disseminated as irregular grains and well-formed cubes. An average analysis of the ore is: gold, 0.27 oz. per ton; silver, 1.73 oz. per ton; copper, 0.12 per cent; lead, 0.31 per cent; and zinc, trace. From the mine ore-bin, situated near the portal of the tunnel at the mine, the ore is hauled by motor truck to the mill, a distance of three-quarters of a mile, and there dumped into the receiving bin, which has a capacity of fifty tons. The hauling is done during one eight-hour shift, commencing at 7 a.m. The maximum size of the ore fed to the mill-bin is ten inches. Lumps larger than this are broken by sledge hammer to pass through grizzly bars, spaced ten inches apart, installed above the bin. The ore is drawn from the bin by a 30-inch, 6-ply conveyor belt, 18 feet 6 inches long. In the near future, when the cross-cut tunnel is completed, the ore will be trammed to the receiving bin. This will effect a considerable saving in cost. At the same time, the bin will be set back several feet, so that the length of the conveyor belt may be doubled. This will make efficient ore-sorting possible, and so ensure a minimum of waste rock in the mill feed.

Jan 1, 1935

By B. Lewis

Paper did not make deadline for printing

Jan 1, 1982

By Bertrand Quiniou, Pierre Amadieu

Ion exchange technologies and processes are proven and established technologies widely used in numerous industries including hydrometallurgy for metal separation and recovery from metal bearing solutions. They have evolved through innovation which includes the development of countercurrent multistage (or multivessel) ion-exchange contactor systems with the benefit, for industrial operations, of greatly reduced footprints and ion-exchange media inventories, as compared to more traditional fixed bed contactor systems. Information on procedures for design and sizing of countercurrent multistage ion-exchange contactor systems is not readily available since it is most often proprietary know-how. The purpose of the present work is to develop a simple and innovative approach for the sizing and modeling of industrial countercurrent multistage ion-exchange contactor systems. The suggested approach builds upon published results and upon the following observation: in an industrial setting, knowledge of how component concentration or load on a contactor output streams vary with time t within a cycle duration (0 < t < T) is generally of little interest, only knowledge of time average of such concentration or load over a cycle duration T is sought for. The presented approach will be tested against current or past performances of industrial countercurrent multistage contactors of Orano Mining operations such as SNK‑3M moving packed bed contactors in Kazakhstan and NIMCIX fluidized bed contactors in Namibia.

Jan 1, 2020

By B. D. H. Knights, M. A. W. Bryson

Flotation of PGM ores, specifically UG-2, presents a number of technical challenges. These centre on the prevalence of chromite. Subject to over-grinding, chromite is primarily recovered to the flotation product through entrainment. This is of unique concern as it must be kept below a threshold for downstream smelting, with significant operational and monetary penalties being imposed should it exceed this concentration. A number of strategies have been developed to maximise PGM recovery in the presence of this unwanted contaminant. Specialised flowsheets form a vital basis and advanced control algorithms further enhance PGM recovery while minimising the recovery of chromite. Advances in Mineral Processing Science and Technology Proceedings of the 48th Annual Conference of Metallurgists of CIM Sudbury, Ontario, Canada Edited by

Jan 1, 2009

Presentation Plan Hoist ropes ?Importance ?Mandatory and routine Inspections Continuous monitoring of wire ropes for mine hoisting ?Why a continuous monitoring of mine hoisting ropes.? ?Description of the ??Contiscan?? monitoring system ?Information data gathering Advantages of the ??Contiscan?? monitoring system ?Visual rope inspection on daily basis ?Monthly inspection ?Payload capacity flexibility and potential increase for deep mining operations. ?Periodical inspections by external experts ?Importance of the costs associated with hoisting production shutdowns. Commercialization and availability

Aug 1, 2013

By S. V. Ulianov, A. Y. Senchenko, A. A. Shvets, A. V. Aksenov

Development of an efficient technology to process complex ores containing gold and antimony as well as silver is described in the paper. The results from the testwork aimed at the valuables recovery by means of flotation are presented. A process sample of antimonite gold-bearing ore was studied in TOMS institute aiming at development of a technology to process such an ore with generation of antimony concentrate and sulphide gold-containing concentrate. Material composition study indicated that the ore included 5.3% of sulphides: arsenopyrite – 2.4%, pyrite -2.4%, and antimonite – 0.5%. Gold is present as an isomorphic dissemination in arsenopyrite. At sighter testing stage a direct selective flotation flowsheet was chosen to process the ore. Antimonite flotation was activated due to addition of lead nitrate. A single cleaning of a rougher flotation concentrate resulted in antinomy concentrate with 30% Sb content and 71% recovery. Au recovery into antimony concentrate did not exceed 1%. Sb flotation tailings were used to float the remaining sulphides and gold. The resulted sulphide concentrate was characterized by Au content of 20 g/t at about 80% recovery, arsenic content - 10% at ~80% recovery, and sulphur content - 18% at ~81% recovery. The sulphide concentrate can be forwarded to further processing aiming at gold recovery. Given that the concentrate is highly refractory it should be pretreated (bacterial or pressure oxidation, Albion process) prior to cyanidation in order to liberate gold from sulphides. The proposed technology allows one to solve the problem of precious metals recovery from antimonite ores.

Jan 1, 2016

Caterpillar Inc The world&apos;s largest manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas engines and industrial gas turbines. Technology leader in logistics, construction, transportation, mining, forestry, energy and electric power generation.

Aug 1, 2013

By M. Ghiani, P. Carbini, R. Ciccu, C. Del Fà

"This paper is concerned with the problems inherent in the efficient and economical processing of the fine fractions of a coal from the Sulcis basin (Sardinia, Italy) whose characteristics are typical of low-rank coals occurring in the Mediterranean region. Three different techniques, based upon surface properties, are examined. Flotation can be very efficient from both a technical and economic point of view, provided care is taken in the modulation of the flotation pulp. Interesting results have been obtained with oil agglomeration and this method could be economically feasible. Finally, electrical separation has proven a viable technique, although it entails preliminary drying.Besides discussing the problems encountered in the experimental research, some significant results of general validity are also given. They demonstrate that cleaned products can be obtained with fairly interesting recoveries, thus opening the way to advanced research aimed at setting up the most suitable technique for industrial application. IntroductionAs a result of the oil crisis, which caused a major upset in world energy supplies, the last ten years have seen a revolution in the energy policies adopted.In particular, the status of coal, which seemed destined to decline in view of the availability of liquid fuel, has had to be re-examined. The need to meet energy demands under improved reliability conditions and controlled prices through a broader and more flexible diversification of sources of supply has evoked, especially in highly industrialized countries, a renewed interest in coal. The result has been a consistent increase in demand and production as well as investments in new mines and the reinforcement of the infrastructure.This turn of events has also lead to a re-evaluation of young low-rank coals, hitherto considered uneconomical and thus neglected, because of their low heat value. In fact these coals, which have a high ash content, may also be relatively highly contaminated with sulphur. The above drawbacks, which still today preclude the widespread use of these coals, are bound to create even greater problems in the future as increasingly restrictive environmental control imposes, without exception, recourse to cleaner fuels."

Jan 1, 1986

By W. Holyk

"Although lead, zinc, copper, and iron sulphides have been known for many years in the Bathurst region, the existence of large massive deposits was not known until the discovery of the Brunswick orebody in 1952. This was followed by the discoveries of the Anacon orebody in 1953 and the American Metals orebodies in 1954. There is no question as to the great importance of these large massive sulphide deposits, and no doubt that other sulphide deposits are to be found. The problem, of course, is where and how to find them.The discovery of the Brunswick and Anacon orebodies is attributed to geophysical work. The original discovery of the American Metals deposit is generally attributed to a regional airborne electromagnetic survey.It is generally stated that the Bathurst area is a geophysical camp, and this is essentially true, but in this highly competitive search for orebodies it is obviously impossible for an individual company to cover the entire area by a comprehensive geophysical survey. Some means other than geophysics must be used to narrow the target. The quickest, cheapest, and simplest method is geological investigations.It has been stated that nothing can be accomplished by geology in the Bathurst region, since the camp is largely covered with overburden. This is true only insofar as detailed work on certain properties is concerned. It is not true of the larger regional picture. Outcrops are scarce, but angular float is abundant, and precedent shows that angular float has moved but a short distance from its source.GeologyAeromagnetic maps published by the Department of Mines and Technical Surveys are the best guides to the geology and structure of the area. These maps supply factual information concerning the underlying rocks. When coupled with field investigations, they are very useful in the interpretation of regional geology and the selection of favourable areas. The discussion of the geology is accordingly centred upon the aeromagnetic maps. The following is essentially a working theory, based on geological facts as best reconciled with all other available information,"

Jan 1, 1949

A semi-automatic device has been constructed that can be used to check the solution strength of cyanide solutions. It consists of a wheel on which a gold-foil-bearing glass slide is mounted. The wheel moves the gold foil through the solution under test and intercepts a light beam. As the gold foil is attacked by the cyanide solution its light absorption diminishes. The successive in-crease in transmitted light intensity is recorded and gives a measure of the gold dissolution rate. Curves have been obtained to show the effect of cyanide concentration and oxygen content on dissolution rates. Details are presented of the construction of the unit, and some practical operating procedures are outlined. 0 NE of the important, although often neglected, factors in the extraction of gold by cyanidation is the actual dissolving strength of the cyanide solution. This depends in a

Jan 1, 1964

By W. N. Roman

This paper will examine the challenges involved in ventilating and cooling South African mines, with particular emphasis on solutions to the issues of heat (generally associated with depth), mechanization and energy efficiency. Comparisons will be made with other international mining areas. Some of the deepest mines in the world are to be found in the South African goldfields. The Mponeng mine is approaching 4,000 m below surface, with virgin rock temperatures (VRT) of between 60°C and 70°C. Mining at these depths has only been possible with the use of large refrigeration plants supplying cold air, water and ice to the workings. In the Bushveld Igneous Complex, where most of South Africa?s platinum mines are located, similar VRTs are being experienced at significantly shallower depths. This is due to the different geothermal properties of the host rock between the two areas. Existing mines are being forced to go deeper and new underground mines are being planned and constructed in other areas with widely differing thermal conditions. South African metal mining has traditionally been labour intensive for historical reasons as well as for the narrow tabular nature of many ore bodies. Due to cost pressures and labour problems, some mines have been investigating the possibility of using mechanized equipment, both diesel and electric, to increase production and to improve efficiency. Studies have been carried out to determine the effect of the additional equipment on the overall ventilation system and some of the conclusions are discussed. The use of diesel equipment adds heat and pollutants to the ventilation air but, although electrical equipment has a lesser effect on the ventilation systems, it is generally less favoured due to claims of lower flexibility/manoeuvrability. Mechanization holds the promise of more concentrated mining activities but, with higher localized ventilation and cooling needs. Systems which will control the provision of air and cooling more effectively are required and are being implemented. In the 1990s and early 2000s, the South African economy experienced significant growth which was not matched by the growth in infrastructure. Consequently, at present there is a shortage of electricity generation capacity which affects large industrial consumers, including mines. Increasing levels of heat and mechanization will require more electrical energy for ventilation and cooling. There are many initiatives underway to save power or to shift consumption to periods of national low demand and these will be described.

Aug 1, 2013

By A. Bouajila1

Minerals processing organisations will be more and more under intense competitive pressure. Major changes are being experienced with intense respect to resources, processes, production strategies and markets. As result of international competition, only the most productive and cost-effective operations will survive. That is why operators in the minerals industry have always aimed to obtain better performance from their processes along the mineral extraction cycle starting from exploration up to the smelting step if any. A principal ingredient and perhaps the most important one in the process of evolution toward improved productivity is the achievement and implementation of an error-free production synonym of an ignorance-free operation. This is, at the same time, a guarantee for quality, a minimising factor for waste materials production, handling and disposal, and a maximising factor for labour utilisation. The notion of ?error or ignorance-free? -usually identified as a ?made in Japan? manufacturing mythology, will sound, at first impression, like a pious ideal, to be striven for but impossible to attain. Nevertheless, the introduction of measurement and detection technology in the minerals industry along the last century should benefit from the today?s sensors and control systems that explosively expanded beyond their traditional production base into far-ranging commercial ventures. The fastness and spread of those technologies will play an important role in the survival of innovative plants. Their role in information assimilation, and control of operations to maintain an error-free production environment, will help many plants to stay effective on their competitive course. In this paper the feasibility of the zero process ignorance concept as applied to the comminution circuits will be discussed and the challenge behind this ambitious move toward improved productivity will be outlined. Examples of pre-competitive R&D projects started at COREM in order to fulfil this prerogative will be presented.

May 1, 2001

By Kazutoshi Haga, Ariunbolor Narankhuu, Ariuntuya Battsengel, Yasushi Watanabe, Altansukh Batnasan, Akita University

"Rare earth minerals are usually concentrated by flotation, magnetic or gravity separation methods to produce concentrates that are subsequently leached with hydrochloric (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or nitric acid (HNO3). About 75 % REEs are lost in gypsum by-product when apatite is dissolved in H2SO4, whereas more than 80% of REE can be extracted from the apatite using HCl and HNO3 leaching processes, respectively. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to find an efficient process of dissolution of rare earth elements (REEs) from apatite ore by sulfuric acid solution due to its lower cost. In order to optimize the dissolution process, effects of different parameters, namely, concentration of H2SO4 (0.05 – 6 M), solid/liquid phase ratio (1:50 – 1:100), temperature (20 – 80 ºC), agitation speed (300 – 900 rpm), and leaching time (0.5 - 6 h) on the dissolution of REEs from apatite ore were examined in various intervals. The contents of main REEs in the apatite ore used in this study were (as % wt): 3 % La, 6 % Ce, 0.6 % Pr, 2.1 % Nd, 0.2 % Sm and 0.3 % Y. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis identified fluorapatite and phlogopite as main minerals in the ore. The results obtained from leaching experiments showed that more than 85% of REEs were dissolved from the apatite ore under the optimized conditions, which were: 1 M H2SO4, particle size of -150 + 100 µm, S:L phase ratio of 1:50, agitation speed of 500 rpm at 20 ºC for 1h. The XRD analysis revealed that main mineral compositions of the residues from 1M and 6 M H2SO4 leaching are gypsum (CaSO42H2O) and hemigypsum (CaSO40.5H2O), respectively.INTRODUCTIONThe term rare earth elements (REEs) denote the group of 17 chemically similar metallic elements consisting of the 15 lanthanides, plus yttrium (Y) and scandium (Sc) in the periodic table. These metallic elements are generally divided into two sub-groups; (1) the cerium sub-group, which is called “light rare earth elements” (LREEs), includes the elements from lanthanum (La) to europium (Eu), and (2) the yttrium (Y) sub-group elements, which are known as “heavy rare earth elements” (HREEs), are the remaining lanthanides from gadolinium (Gd) to lutetium (Lu) plus yttrium (Gupta and Krishnamurthy, 2005). The REEs occur together in the minerals due to their chemical and physical similarities, which cause problems of separating them from one another (Abreu and Morais, 2014). Although REEs are relatively abundant in the earth’s crust, they are typically dispersed and rarely occur in concentrated forms, making them economically challenging to obtain. There are a wide variety of rare earth minerals, however economic deposits of REEs in mining are bastnasite (La, Ce) FCO3, monazite (Ce, La, Y, Th) PO4, and xenotime YPO4 (Binnemans, 2013; Xie, et al, 2014). Due to the unique physical, chemical, catalytic, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of REEs, demand of these elements has increased dramatically with the advent of new technologies in electronics, communication, construction, energy and medicine (Jordens, et al, 2013). Since 1990, China has provided about 90 % of REEs worldwide. Japan and United States are the largest consumers of China’s REEs. In 2010, China announced to reduce REEs exports to Japan, as it tended to increase prices of REEs and to reduce a stable supply of REEs in the world market (Humphries, 2013). Therefore, there has been an increase in recent exploration activities intended to reveal new commercial sources of REEs and to bring them into production (Antico, et al, 1996). Apatite is an important host mineral for REEs in igneous and metamorphic rocks and can be used as an ore for those metals (Kanazawa and Kamitani, 2006). Apatite is also the main source of phosphate fertilizers and phosphoric acid (Habashi, 2013; Emsbo, 2015)."

Jan 1, 2016

By W. G. McBride

THE present demand for men with engineering training exceeds anything in the history of the profession. Recent estimates indicate that mechanization of war has reached such a stage that at least twelve horsepower is required now for every one horsepower needed to run the machines of the first Great War. The scale of operations exceeds anything in the past, while more territory and people are involved than ever before. Many of our allies have inadequate or no facilities for producing the thousand and one articles absolutely necessary to the conduct of modern warfare. Lack of preparedness has made it necessary to produce at an unparalleled rate to gain parity with the enemy, while our losses have been so heavy that replacement, in itself, presents a task which might well stagger less courageous peoples. This means that not only is there an unprecedented demand for engineers to produce the machines, munitions, and supplies of war, but there is a correspondingly large need for men with engineering skill in the uniformed forces to operate and maintain the vast numbers of ships, &apos;planes, tanks, trucks, radios, and a myriad of other devices to carry on the varied activities of war. This abnormal demand came upon us after almost ten years of stagnation in the engineering industries. During this time many trained engineers drifted into other callings, while the lack of jobs for graduates caused a falling off in the number of men training for this profession. Consequently, the supply of well trained engineers was below normal when the madman of Germany precipitated us into the present turmoil. Added to all this, we in Canada are still suffering from governmental inefficiency in the utilization of the available supply of engineers. In the armed forces, engineers have been assigned to office and other work where their engineering training is not only wasted but for which men with more suitable training could be found. Mining engineers are debarred from service as aeronautical engineers, and students in mining engineering are denied the bursaries provided for aiding students in engineering. Mining and metallurgical engineers are both barred from the Ordnance department of the army. This arises from a misunderstanding in relation to engineering training. In Canadian engineering schools, all engineers are given a sound training in the branches of human knowledge which are fundamental to engineering: mathematics, physics, and chemistry. The basic difference between the several categories of engineers lies in the fact that training in the application of this fundamental knowledge to the solution of engineering problems is given in different subjects.

Jan 1, 1942