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By D. M. MacLean

THE property of Howey Gold Mines, Limited, is situated at Red Lake, Ontario, one hundred and seventy-five miles east of Winnipeg and eighty miles north of the Canadian National railway. The mine has been a continuous producer since April, 1930, and, at present writing, a total of 3,042,690 tons has been hoisted, giving a production of $6,422,858.55, for a grade of $2.32 per ton. From 1,064,477 tons mined during the past two years, however, the yield has been only $1,389,607.03, or $1.41 per ton (gold at $20.67). Present output is at the rate of about 1,470 tons. per day. THE ORE-BODY AND WALL-ROCK: The Howey ore-body is part of a quartz porphyry dyke, which has. intruded an area of greenstone. The dyke strikes north 65° east, and its dip varies from 85° to the south at the surface to practically vertical below the. 1,000-foot horizon. Both along the strike and on the dip, the width of the dyke varies from 25 to 200 feet, the widest portion occurring below the 1,000-foot level. To the east of the ore-body, the dyke increases in width and finally splits into tongues of porphyry enclosed in greenstone, diorite, and congloJ11erate. To the west, it passes into the adjoining property, its width at the boundary being 100 feet. The rock in the ore-body is hard to drill, but, because of numerous horizontal slip-planes, it breaks well when blasted. This characteristic makes it possible to break large breasts or benches with a relatively small number of holes. The ore broken in this manner is consequently quite coarse, a large part of it requiring secondary breaking.

Jan 1, 1938

By W. G. Hubler

History The Aldermac mine is situated on the Nipissing Central railway near the ' centre of the township of Boischatel, Quebec, and is about ten miles west of Noranda. Aldermac Mines, Limited, is a subsidiary company of Towagamac Exploration Company. The property was staked by Messrs. Alderson and MacKay and McMartin, during the winter of 1922-23. During October, 1925, a copper discovery was made by K. W. Fritzsche, who was in charge of exploration work at that time, the first trench on this discovery averaging 8 per cent copper over a width of ten feet. This led to the discovery of another body 200 feet to the north, with an average of 3 per cent copper over fifteen feet in width. A magnetic survey was then carried out which led to the location of the large pyrite ore-bodies which have been developed in the past few years. Development work was carried on to a depth of 1,125 feet, and approximately three million tons of massive pyrite ore was indicated. Extensive metallurgical tests were conducted in the laboratories of the Mines Branch of the Department of Mines at Ottawa to determine the proper metallurgical treatment and the economic possibilities of the ore. Owing to the comparatively low copper content, and the uncertainty of the copper market, it was doubtful if the mine could be profitably operated for the production of copper alone. Messrs. Alderson & MacKay, however, realized the possibility of utilizing the large tonnage of pyrite as a substitute for native sulphur, 'which in past years has been imported into .Canada for the manufacture of acid and sulphate pulp in paper mills. They therefore organized the Sulphite Research Corporation with the object of developing an economical process of utilizing the pyrite.

Jan 1, 1932

By H. A. Schnell

"The Phase I Mill at Cluff Lake in northern Saskatchewan was designed to accommodate a very specific high grade uranium ore. As this high grade ore was depleted, construction was undertaken on a new mill circuit (Phase 2) to process a more conventional lower grade ore deposit.The Phase 2 Mill expanded the ore throughput to 800 tonnes per day. The new process employs crushing, grinding, leaching, counter—current decantation, solvent extraction and magnesia yellowcake precipitation and drying to produce a yellowcake concentrate.This paper discusses the process decisions required for this expansion and outlines the new mill circuit. Included is a review of the start up in August, 1984.1.,INTRODUCTION The Cluff Lake Uranium deposit is located 720 kilometers north of Saskatoon in northern Saskatchewan. A high grade deposit was discovered in 1970 with the first production taking place in 1980 after lengthy hearings. The original mill (or Phase 1 Mill) was specifically designed to accommodate this very high grade ore for a very limited plant life.Pilot plant work was carried out in 1981 on the other lower grade ores found in the immediate Cluff Lake area. Feasibility and process selection studies were then undertaken as the Phase 1 mill was nearing its end of life. These studies were completed in March 1983 when approval was given to construct the new Phase 2 mill."

Jan 1, 1985

By F. E. Millett

The following notes deal chiefly with changes from steam to electric drives, or, in the case of the Bellevue pumps, from air to electric. Where electric power can be purchased or generated cheaply it can be used to advantage and is generally more economical than steam, especially in places remote from the central power-plant. Nothing could be more simple than the operation of electrical gear. It does not require a competent engineer constantly on the alert, oiling and watching bearings, and maintenance is at a minimum. The ease with which the current is transmitted from its source to where it must do its work is one of its greatest advantages. Transmission losses are very low. Generally speaking, the smaller the plant the lower the loss and 90 per cent, and better, efficiency is easily attained. In and around Bellevue 2300-volt, three-phase, is the standard distributing pressure; our power requirements and the distances transmitted, for the present, do not require more than this. Most of the heavier motors are 2300-volt .machines, which eliminates the cost and possible troubles of step-down transformers, and makes for a cheaper and less bulky motor. This applies to two fan, two hoist, and two compressor motors, the smallest being 75 and the largest 520 horse power. The standard pressure on power lines to all inside pumps is 550 volts, and 220 volts is general for the the tipple. While 110 volts is used for house and office lighting service, it is not economical around and in the mine. No matter what kind of device is used to lock and protect the lamps, they are invariably missing.

Jan 1, 1926

By F. Qi, T. Frišcic, C. Mottillo

"One of the principal goals of modern industry is to minimize the environmental impact and increase the materials- and energy-efficiency of transforming raw materials into valuable products. This paper will highlight our latest laboratory-scale research in low-energy, low-solvent reactivity of metal oxides and their conversion into popular metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (e.g. Basolite® Z1200 component ZIF-8), and metallodrugs (e.g. bismuth subsalicylate, active component of Pepto-Bismol®). Mechanochemical ion- and liquid-assisted grinding (ILAG) and ""accelerated aging"" techniques will be presented, along with novel low-energy and solvent-free approaches, inspired by geological weathering processes, for converting metal oxides into metal-organic materials. INTRODUCTIONThe development of environmentally-friendly processes, which would in the same time be more materials- and energy-efficient than the existing ones, is one of the central concerns of modern chemical research. In that sense, the focus of the chemist has been mainly on the preparation of carbon-based organic molecules and adaptation of traditional organic synthesis to the recently delineated ideals of Green Chemistry. However, there is a growing realization within the chemistry community that significant energy, materials, and ecology-related benefits can be achieved and, indeed, targeted in the transformations of materials that are typically associated with inorganic chemistry and minerals processing. The principal aim of this highlight contribution is to illustrate how, through the use of approaches associated with solventfree chemistry and mechanochemistry (James et al., 2012), one can develop a clean and efficient system of chemical and materials transformations involving oxide precursors that normally belong to the realm of inorganic chemistry and mineral processing. In particular, this contribution will provide an overview of the recently developed mechanochemical and solvent-free reactivity of metal oxides towards small organic molecules. These mechanochemical reactions, including the methods of liquid-assisted grinding (LAG, Frišcic & Jones, 2009) and ion- and liquid-assisted grinding (ILAG, Frišcic, 2010), have so far provided a radically different means to construct advanced metal-organic materials (e.g. porous metal-organic frameworks, [MOFs] or metallodrugs) by rehabilitating metal oxides as precursors, eliminating the use of bulk organic solvents, and avoiding the use of high temperatures."

Jan 1, 2012

By N. L. Richards

In manufacturing for the 21st century, the first company to market often leads the pack in product development and sales. In this respect, manufacturing processes play an important role in transforming “raw materials” into a product(s) for sale to a customer. Thus it can be seen that upfront modelling of a design concept, or modelling of manufacturing processes in a plant, can play an important role in effectively ensuring the overall design and manufacturing route is carried out in an expeditious manner. In the paper various scenarios are considered with respect to modelling the microstructure and/or process, in various manufacturing processes. Also considered are the effects of service condition on the manufactured product in terms of creep and fatigue.

Jan 1, 2010

By B. Panton, J. Carvalho, E. T. Brown

High-capacity, post-tensioned anchors have found wide-spread use in initial dam design and construction, and in the strengthening and rehabilitation of concrete dams to meet modern design and safety standards. Despite the advances that have been made in rock mechanics and rock engineering during the almost 80 years in which post-tensioned anchors have been used in dam engineering, some aspects of the rock engineering design of high-capacity rock anchors for dams have changed relatively little over the last 30 or 40 years. This applies, in particular, to the calculations usually carried out to establish the grouted embedment lengths required for deep, post-tensioned anchors. These calculations which involve a number of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties, usually make simplified assumptions about the distribution and values of rock-grout interface shear strengths, the shape of the volume of rock likely to be involved in uplift failure under the influence of a system of post-tensioned anchors, and the mechanism of that failure. The resulting designs are generally conservative. These aspects of the rock engineering design of large, post-tensioned rock anchors for dams could be improved by making greater use of modern, comprehensive, numerical analyses in conjunction with 3D models of the rock mass structure, realistic rock and rock mass properties, and the results of prototype anchor tests in the rock mass concerned.

Jan 1, 2015

By J. B. Mawdsley

"AbstractThe uraninite-bearing deposits in the Charlebois Lake area of northeastern Saskatchewan are unusual and important concentrations of uranium. They were first discovered in 1949 and preliminary development work to the end of the 1951 field season indicates the probability that this will become •another uranium producing district. The deposits are in zones bordering granite masses. These zones are of migmatite (mixed rocks) composed of calcium-rich meta-sediments intruded and replaced by a fine-grained white pegmatite. Locally this pegmatite is replaced by an end fraction which is relatively rich in fine-grained disseminated uraninite; it is these occurrences that constitute the bodies of economic interest.The fine-grained white pegmatite contains plagioclase feldspar more lime-rich than that in the granites of which it is an end differentiate. This extra lime, evidently derived from the intruded sediments, would result in the raising of the temperature of crystallization of the pegmatite-forming magma, thus consolidating it rapidly near the granite contacts as a fine-grained pegmatite. The end liquor containing uranium was evidently locally concentrated in minor fracture zones in these pegmatites. Where no lime sediments were present. the coarse-grained alkaline pegmatites were formed. Their crystallization would not be accelerated and the uranium would tend not to be localized in the pegmatite but to migrate and consolidate at lower temperatures with the end products, possibly in some instances as pitchblende veins."

Jan 1, 1952

By W. D. Breil, C. B. Ison

A collection of general performance data relating to the G.H.H. - Gutehoffnungshiitte multi-rope friction hoist will be discussed together with some aspects of the following: overspeed supervision by a pantam device as opposed to the lilly type of fly ball control, automatic control systems, multi-disc braking, generator and motor winding, constant temperature monitoring, the development of an automatic hoist-rope lubrication system, and the control of rope tensions by the installation of G.H.H. - Gutehoffnungshiitte hoist rope fine tensioning units.

Jan 1, 1972

By Guy Chevalier

The QCM Mount-Wright mine and concentrator complex produces about 14 M tonnes of iron concentrate annually. Approximately 9.5 M tonnes of this concentrate are used to produce iron ore pellets at four different silica grades: Three for blast furnace operations and one for direct reduction furnaces. The paper presents the scientific approach that led to the realization of two projects where the acquisition of new process equipment led to an improved pellet plant iron recovery, a better flexibility and to lower operating costs as well as to the production of fine iron ore concentrate from the Port-Cartier tailings pond. Typical 4.8 % SiO2 concentrate is processed to achieve required pellet silica content. This is obtained with the aid of hindered settlers or hydraulic classifiers, screens, whims and, lately, spirals. The increasing demand for low silica iron ore products resulted in a greater need for upgrading. The Pellet Plant upgrading capacity being limited, more and more iron units were lost. Base on test works results and economic evaluations, QCM engineers figured out a way to increase efficiently their upgrading plant capacity and go back in the pond gather what has been lost in recent years of operation.

May 1, 2007

By Lawrence Devon Smith

"Within the mining industry the term “due diligence” is used to describe a detailed data review, generally in connection with the purchase or sale of a mineral property, the approval of a large capital expenditure, or the borrowing of a large sum of money.The term originates in the requirement of the board of directors of a corporation to “act honestly and in good faith and exercise the care, diligence, and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances” (OBCA, 1994). Furthermore, the law assumes that a corporation (or its board) will have exercised due diligence in the acquisition of an asset and, therefore, knowingly (in the absence of fraud or deceit) will have taken on the liabilities and obligations associated with the asset (Nelson, 1994). This is the familiar “Buyer Beware”.Directors are liable for their decisions except “if the director relies in good faith up on financial statements of the corporation represented by an officer of the corporation or in a written report of the auditor, or a report of a lawyer, accountant, engineer, appraiser, or other person whose profession lends credibility to a statement made by any such person.”(OBCA, 1994).Hence the importance of reports prepared by professionals. They provide confirmation that the directors have exercised due diligence in the performance of their duties. For this reason these reports are referred to as due diligence studies."

Jan 1, 1996

By Matthew Novak, J. Brent Hiskey

It is well known that when chalcopyrite is put in direct contact with copper in an acidic medium a galvanic cell is created. Chalcopyrite is reduced to iron and sulfur deficient defect phases such as bornite, chalcocite, and at very low potentials to elemental copper. Galvanic conversion experiments were performed using three chalcopyrite concentrates. The first chalcopyrite contained less than 10% impurity phases. The second concentrate had a high concentration of pyrite, and the third concentrate had a high concentration of pyrrhotite. The effect of temperature, acid concentration, chalcopyrite grain size, copper grain size, and agitation on the rate of chalcopyrite conversion was studied.

Jan 1, 2014

By A. S. Knight

THE breaking and handling of ore is obviously the most important consideration when the layout of a new mine is contemplated. The problem must be attacked with due regard to the claim area of the property, the dip of the orebody, the anticipated percentage of payability, the width of the reef, and the amount of dislocation anticipated by dykes, faults, or sills. Among these, as far as East Geduld is concerned, the three most important items are: Area. 2,640.5 claims. Average dip 12° (from flat to 35°) Average channel width 36 inches. We are fortunate on the Witwatersrand in 'chat there is usually sufficient information available from surrounding properties to determine, within narrow limits, the factors mentioned above. With this information avail-able, the choice of layout is not limited, and it will be found that on the Witwatersrand each group has developed its own technique to suit its individual requirements. On East Geduld, the layout of the property for handling ore is known as the endless-rope haulage system. Following is a brief description of the general principles followed.

Jan 1, 1942

By M. F. Ameur, M. Habak, H. Aouici, M. Kenane

Present study interest by aluminium alloy (Al 7175-T5173) drilled without cooling fluid. The influence of the machining parameters (spindle speed and feed rate) on the holes quality was analyzed. Drilling tools are made of carbide (WC); high speed steel (HSS) and TiN coated carbide (WC-Ti).The Experiment design was reinforced by the application of statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA).The results show that the thrust force is influenced principally by the spindle speed and feed rate. Though, both feed rate and tool materials have statistical significance on the surface roughness. In addition, the objective of correlations between spindle speed and feed rate with the evolution of the machining parameters was established. These correlations were obtained by quadratic regression using the response surface methodology. Finally, useful to select optimum values of drilling parameters, that would minimize thrust force, torque, cutting temperature and surface roughness.

Jan 1, 2015

By Nav Dhadli

Tailings from Oil Sands MiningWhat are they? Challenges Solutions Regulatory Environment Definition of the AFD Tailings Treatment Process 2010 AFD Pilot/Demonstration ProgramTechnical challenges Performance and Results Next steps Oil Sands Industry Collaboration on Tailings Technology TAILINGS ?WHAT ARE THEY? Mixture of remaining water and solids following bitumen extraction process Composed of water, sand, silt, clay, small amounts of hydrocarbon (bitumen, solvent, and asphaltenes) A necessary part of production in excavation of oil sands and removal of bitumen

May 1, 2011

By Lawrence Devon Smith

"What is Due Diligence?Within the mining industry the term “due diligence” is used to describe a detailed data review, generally in connection with the purchase or sale of a mineral property, the approval of a large capital expenditure, or the borrowing of a large sum of money.The term originates in the requirement of the board of directors of a corporation to “act honestly and in good faith ... and exercise the care, diligence, and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances” (OBCA, 1994). Furthermore, the law assumes that a corporation (or its board) will have exercised due diligence in the acquisition of an asset and, therefore, knowingly (in the absence of fraud or deceit) will have taken on the liabilities and obligations associated with the asset (Nelson, 1994). This is the familiar “Buyer Beware”.Directors are liable for their decisions except “if the director relies in good faith upon financial statements of the corporation represented … by an officer of the corporation or in a written report of the auditor, or a report of a lawyer, accountant, engineer, appraiser, or other person whose profession lends credibility to a statement made by any such person.” (OBCA, 1994).Hence the importance of reports prepared by professionals. They provide confirmation that the directors have exercised due diligence in the performance of their duties. For this reason these reports are referred to as due diligence studies"

Jan 1, 1997

By J. F. Archibald

This paper reviews the formation of the Canadian Mining Education Council (CMEC) and its terms of reference. CMEC considers that Canada?s mining schools represent a distinct competitive advantage to the Canadian Mining Industry. The core objective of CMEC is to reinforce the links between the constituent schools and their individual Industry Advisory Committees. The latter traditionally provide the schools with a great deal of guidance on a range of planning issues, including recruitment, curriculum, research and infrastructure. Beyond those bounds CMEC intends to improve its ability to network with the industry and government. It is concerned overall with the objective to raise the quality and level of its educational and research contributions to meet the needs of industry and society.

May 1, 2002

By D. E. Deegan, P. M. Keeley, N. A. Rowson, T. Stachowski

An investigation into the use of Tetronics International’s thermal plasma technology based pyrometallurgical smelting process for the recovery of both platinum and rhenium was conducted. 1000 kg of Pt-Re catalysts containing 0.36 wt% Pt and 0.21 wt% Re was blended with fluxing agents, reducing agents and an iron based collector metal precursor and then fed into a plasma furnace over five individual trials at Tetronics International’s facility in Swindon, UK. Both platinum and rhenium partitioned to an iron rich collector metal phase in the furnace, which formed in-situ and accumulated beneath a less dense slag phase, derived from the inorganic substrate of the catalyst, and was easily separable. The levels of Pt and Re concentration achieved in the iron collector made it suitable for subsequent final refining. Technical recovery efficiencies of =98% for both platinum and rhenium were achieved and the concentrations of the metals in the recovered metal bullion were 2.23 wt% Pt and 1.35 wt% Re.

Jan 1, 2015

By L. Parthasarathy, S. K. Pan, M. P. Srivastava

"Total iron ore reserves in India, as reported by the Indian Bureau of mines, are 23.6 billion tons. Hematite iron ore reserves constitute about 45 % of the total reserve. If we go by the National Steel Policy-2005 projections, India’s supply of hematite iron ore would not last more than 40 years. Laboratory investigations were carried out for the development of a process flow sheet for treating low grade as well as Banded Hematite Quartzite (BHQ) iron ore. The purpose of these investigations was to aim for better resource utilization.Beneficiation studies were conducted on samples of low grade and siliceous iron ore from the Dalli mines, a captive mine of the Bhilai Steel Plant and BHQ ore from Southern states of India. The process flowsheet, developed for upgrading of low grade iron ore, incorporates wet screening of the ore at 0.5 mm, followed by grinding of the +0.5 mm fraction to below 0.5 mm. The whole –0.5 mm fraction, after grinding, was treated in a conventional hydro-cyclone and stub cyclone followed by treatment in Wet High Intensity Magnetic Separator (WHIMS). This resulted in a concentrate product having >66% Fe content from a feed containing 55.5% Fe with an iron recovery of 48 %. The process flowsheet developed for treating BHQ ore in the laboratory resulted in an increase in iron grade in the concentrate from 43.4 to 61.3 Fe % with a yield of 51.7 % .INTRODUCTIONThe classification of Indian iron ore resources have been made compatible with United Nations Framework Classification (UNFC), which is more scientific and has been adopted in most countries in the world. Iron ore reserves and resources estimated using the UNFC classification system, as of April 01,2000 are about 12,906 million tons of hematite ore and 10,628 million tons of magnetite ore. The Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM) has given a breakdown of these reserves by designation as either lumps or fines of hematite iron ore (Table 1). The percentage of the reserves reported lumps and fines are 42 and 34% of the total reserves respectively. High grade iron ore is less than 10% of the total reserve."

Jan 1, 2008

By Gordon A. Irons, H. Y. Hwang

An impinging gas jet on a water surface was studied to understand momentum transfer in oxygen steelmaking. Depth, width and oscillation frequency of the jet cavity were measured and the splashes interpreted with Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and combined Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz instability theory. A model to calculate separate gas and liquid velocities, applying the exact momentum boundary condition, is proposed.

Jan 1, 2004