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LARGEST known fluorspar deposits in the world are mined in southern Illinois (Hardin County), and northwestern Kentucky (Crittenden County). Colorado, New Mexico, Montana, and Utah are the principal western sources in the U. S. Rosiclare Fluorspar District Hardin County, Illinois The Rosiclare area is located in the southern part of Hardin County on the Ohio River where the Illinois Central Rd. branch line terminates and provides transportation. Fluorspar has been mined commercially in this area since 1870. Aluminum Co. of America and Rosiclare Lead & Fluorspar Co. are the two major producers in this area. Ozark-Mahoning Co. operates a concentrating plant in Rosiclare but the bulk of its ore is mined near the town of Cave-in-Rock.

Jan 1, 1958

By Finn Ouchterlony

A simple bilinear R-curve description of crack extension resistance is applied to the testing of sub-size rock core specimens. The K-curve consists of a linear sub-critical part and a flat post-critical part. Formulas for the apparent energy rate resistance quantities Gm, Jm, and [R] are developed. Experiments on notched cores of Ekeberg marble, Bohus granite, and Stripa granite are compared with these predictions. The R-curve model gives reasonable results for Gm -data but fails essentially to describe the Jm and [R]-data. Another model with a sharply increasing linear post-critical part could possibly account for the [R]-data, but direct R-curve measurements seem a better approach.

Jan 1, 1982

By H. I. Aaronson, S. M. Kaufman, G. M. Pound

WHETHER the carbides associated with bainite precipitate from the ferritic component of bainite, as originally suggested by Davenport and Bain, or from the adjacent austenite at aus-tenite:ferrite boundaries, as proposed by Hultgren, 2 remains in dispute.3-5 A recent metallographic investigation in this laboratory has shown that the bainitic carbides formed in a plain carbon hypo-eutectoid steel nucleate entirely within ferrite at higher reaction temperatures3 and in both ferrite and austenite at lower temperatures." The present investigation was undertaken to ascertain the effects of alloying elements on the nucleation sites selected by bainitic carbides. The compositions of the steels studied were as shown in Table I. Specimens of these steels were

Jan 1, 1958

By U. Max, P. R. Geoffroy, J. A. Lawrence

When shaft sinking was begun on the Vendome Mines property in the Barraute area of north-western Quebec, there was no indication of the flat mud seam that was later encountered, and no special precautions were taken in applying conventional methods of grouting. Failure of the first cementing attempt emphasized the important fact that mud is an adverse condition in grouting. A method was then devised that would remove the clay from those portions of the seam adjacent to the shaft, replacing it by a bulky mixture of cement and sawdust. Tests were carried out to insure that the seam had been properly sealed and that excavation could be resumed without endangering the shaft.

Nov 1, 1955

By O. W. Walvoord

To those working in the mineral industry, the flowsheet is a familiar and valuable tool, seldom used, unfortunately, to its fullest advantage. As with so many other commonplace and simple items, there is little or no attempt to expand on the forms, and types of flowsheets. A flowsheet or flow diagram may be defined as an illustration showing circulation of the ore stream in a concentrating plant. It may be further described as an explanatory graphic design or picture. A flowsheet is obtained by interpreting the metallurgists' research and ore test data, usually with some adjustments to suit the economies of the project. It brings together, in compact form, information from a number of sources.

Oct 1, 1956

By Ying-Chu Hoh, Renato G. Bautista

The chemically based models previously developed to describe and predict the distribution coefficients and separation factors for several different single and multicomponent metal extraction systems are presented in a more general form in this paper. The degree of formation of the aqueous phase inorganic metal complexes, the extraction mechanism of the complexes, and the equilibrium constant for the extraction reaction are used in the development of the models. The concept has been successfully applied to extraction systems where the organic solvent extracts an ionic species and where the organic solvent extracts only the neutral species. In addition, a model to describe a system where the organic solvent is extracting several extractable species has been derived on the same basis

Jan 1, 1981

Kaiser Sees Bright Future for Jamaica Kaiser Aluminum Co. has a big stake in the British West Indies, the Island of Jamaica in particular. There, Kaiser is busy developing one of the most promising bauxite finds in recent years. The $12 million operation was officially opened in February. Facilities have a rating of an annual capacity of 2 million tons and will supply Kaiser plants with ore for years. The ore comes across the Gulf of Mexico, up the Mississippi to stockpiles at Baton Rouge. The stockpile at Baton Rouge would throw many an old river boat skipper for a loss. Where no mountain once existed now stands a man-made bluff of bauxite, known as Bauxite Peak.

Jan 6, 1953

By Christer Danielsson, Sven Ivarsson

In 1951 the first ton of iron was shipped from West Africa; ten years later the total export exceeded 4 million tons, and an optimistic forecast for 1970 indicates a production capacity of something around 40 to 50 million tons. The quality of the ore varies from normal hematitic concentrates, through naturally enriched hematitic direct shipping ores with comparatively high content of ore fines, to dense, hard, rich lump ores of magmatic character. West Africa is largely composed of folded Pre-cambrian rocks trending generally northeast to southwest. They are exposed over about one third of West Africa and are part of the vast continental plateau which has an average elevation of about 1300 ft in this area.

Jan 3, 1963

By F. Milton Lewis, Roshan B. Bhappu, James L. Coburn

Part one of this article, published in the September 1976 issue of MINING ENGINEERING, described procedures for analytically evaluating the physical and chemical properties of an ore; it also described various types of equipment that are available to the minerals engineer for designing required comminution operations. Part Two of this article illustrates the practical application of these principles to the design of a sound comminution system for a known set of ore characteristics. This exercise is aimed at giving the young engineer a review of the methods and procedures that are available for designing comminution systems. To illustrate these methods, a large-tonnage porphyry copper ore body with the following characteristics is selected:

Jan 11, 1976

By N. J. Feola, E. P. Klier

NOTCH properties of titanium materials have been extensively investigated in the impact test.'-" For the most part the impact strength meas- ured suggests a ductile-brittle transition that lies at relatively high temperatures, thus indicating a possible notch sensitive condition at ambient temperatures. Recently it has been shown' that the impact strength for unalloyed titanium, as for aluminum alloys, may be a nonsensitive index of notch sensitivity as provided by the notch strength as measured in the notch tensile test. The notch strength for unalloyed titanium was found to depend on the nitrogen and carbon contamination levels. In the present work the levels to which oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon contaminants can be tolerated without leading to excessive em-

Jan 1, 1958

By D. O. Rausch

The economic relationship between steepening slopes and decreasing waste removal requirements ahead of ore mining is one of the most important factors in the design of open-pit mines. The steepness and stability of the pit slopes often spells the difference between ore and waste profit or loss in low cost open-pit operations. Unfortunately, the technology necessary for designing stable rock slopes is still in the early stages of development. Past and current pit-design methods have been, and still are, empirical, with rock slopes frequently made too steep or too shallow. As such, large expenditures are often made for correcting slopes after failures occur, or for unnecessarily removing more waste material than required.

Jan 6, 1965

By Axel Sahlin

Since the days of the infancy of metallurgical industries, slags of various kinds have been accumulating. Until a comparatively recent date hardly any employment had been found for these waste products, which have had, consequently, little or no value. An exception to this rule is the basic Bessemer slag, the value of which has become universally recognized. It is to-day one of the standard fertilizers of the world, and a price of from $15 to $20 a ton is considered reasoiable for the ground slag, which, especially in Germany, finds a ready market as fast as it is prepared. The slags from puddling and re-heating furnaces have only found vol. xx.—25

Jan 1, 1892

By James E. Jopling

The county of Marquette, Michigan, includes nearly all the iron-mines that have been worked on the Marquette range, which stretches in a generally western direction from the mines at Negaunee, 10 miles from Lake Superior, to those beyond Michigamme, some thirty miles further. The geographical position of this range, nearer to eastern ports than the other iron-ranges, and its ready access from the lake, gave it for a long time a controlling advantage. The country in which the mines are situated is from 800 to 1000 feet above the level of the lake, and is for the most part broken by steep hills, which rise from 100 to 200 feet; between these the land is rolling or

Jan 1, 1898

MINNEAPOLIS-HONEYWELL Regulator Co., and Trans-Weigh Co., have come up with a conveyor belt that thinks. The belt weighs material and then figures out the tons-per-hour that it carries. And you can't fool it by adding or subtracting material along the way. It makes allowances for any additional material as well as for any loss. The belt rides along a set of rollers. The force exerted on the rollers is transferred to a gage. The weight of the belt is subtracted electrically. Final measurements are fed into an electronic recorder which indicates the flow at the moment and the total amount which has been carried by the belt.

Jan 1, 1952

(Members are urged to send in for this column any notes of interest concerning themselves or their fellow-members.) Members and guests who registered at Institute headquarters during the period Aug. 10 to Sept. 10, 1914: William Huff Wagner, Milford, Del.. Stanley C.- Herold, San Jose, Cal. Charles W. Hamilton, Tampico, Mexico R. J. Grant, Denver, Colo. A. M. Van Rensselaer, New London, Conn. John Lloyd, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. . Henry C. Carr, New York, N. Y. D. M. Riordan has been appointed to act as special adviser to the Secretary of the Treasury and has sailed on the U. S. S. "Tennessee" for Europe, where he will assist in aiding Americans in returning to the United States.

Jan 10, 1914

MONTANA SECTION J. L. BRUCE, Chairman W. C. SIDERFIN, Vice-Chairman WALTER E. GABY, Secretary-Treasurer, 834 W. Granite St., Butte, Mont. N. B. BRALY W. T. BURNS A special meeting of the Directors of the Montana Section was held on July 24, 1916, with W. C. Siderfin, Vice-Chairman, presiding. The meeting was called for the purpose of electing a Secretary-Treasurer to fill the, vacancy created by the resignation of M. H. Gidel. Upon proper motions, the resignation of M. H. Gidel was, accepted, and Walter E. Gaby was elected to fill the office for the balance of the fiscal year. No further business was transacted, and upon motion the meeting adjourned WALTER E. GABY, Secretary.

Jan 9, 1916

Speech advocating a new law of the sea-the "common heritage of mankind." The 3rd Law of the Sea (L0S) Conference was held in Caracas in mid-1974, and a fourth UN conference, scheduled for mid-March in Geneva, will once again attempt to produce a cohesive LOS Convention to take up where the 1958 Geneva Convention left off. The 1958 Convention specified coastal state resource rights on a continental shelf out to a water depth of 200 m-a supposed technological limitation at the time. But the surge of offshore petroleum drilling and the advent of the nodule resource have long since exploded beyond the 200-m limit.

Jan 4, 1975

By Thomas E. Bruner

With drilling costs playing a pivotal role in the economics of most mineral exploration programs, there has been a significant effort over the past decade to trim expenditures in this area. One result of these cost-cutting measures has been the substantial shift to use of rotary drills. By the mid-1970's, rotary drilling accounted for six times as much footage as core drilling in exploration work. Among the various rotary drilling techniques, the use of dual-tube drilling for continuous sampling is attracting growing interest. Factors such as drilling speed and cost advantages, coupled with favorable comparisons between chip samples and solid core samples, have helped to spark this interest.

Jan 4, 1979

POSITIONS VACANT No. 228. Slate mining company desires men for the following positions: Superintendent to take full charge of underground work, quarrying and milling. Assistant or night superintendent. . Foreman for sinking a new shaft. No. 229. Chief engineer to take charge of drafting room, on furnaces and combustion apparatus. ENGINEERS AVAILABLE (Under this heading will be published notes sent to the Secretary of the Institute by members or other persons introduced by members.) Mining engineer and executive. Member. Columbia graduate. Age, 32. Married. 9 years' responsible work in mine examination and development. Experience in United States, Canada, Mexico and South America. Now superintendent large operating mine. Personal interview in New York. Available in August. No. 367.

Jan 8, 1917

By Freeman Bishop

Elburt F. Osborn's scholarly look doesn't prevent his keen insight into human beings and practical affairs of the world from coming through strong and clear, as it did in an exclusive interview with this reporter a half-hour after Dr. Osborn was sworn in as director of Interior's Bureau of Mines. An internationally recognized authority on geology and mineral resource development, Dr. Osborn won his Ph.D. at the California Institute of Technology. Since 1959, he has been vice president for research at Pennsylvania State University, where he originally joined the staff as professor of geochemistry in 1946 and also served for six years as dean of the College of Mineral Industries.

Jan 1, 1971