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The banquet Wednesday evening was attended by about 700. The list of speakers was unusually brilliant and each one proved to be so interesting that it was nearly midnight before the dancing began. Capt. Robert W. Hunt was toastmaster. Captain Hunt is about to celebrate his eighty-first birthday but is blest with unusual vigor and it was a great pleasure to all his friends to honor him at this time. His selection is toastmaster was a happy one. The guest of the evening, if among so many stars one could be selected from the rest, was Charles M. Schwab, who said nothing but the urgent telegram from his dear old friend, Captain Hunt, could have drawn him away from his seclusion on his Pennsylvania farm to attend the meeting in Chicago. Mr. Schwab's address was, as usual, scintillating with wit and humor; and while lie did not directly or indirectly allude to the steel strike lie did at the end of his talk discuss serious things and gave it as his opinion that any effort to legislate or control the high cost of living would be futile until this country got down to a basis of an honest day's work for an honest day's wage.

Jan 11, 1919

Discussion of the paper of WALTER 0. SNELLING, presented at the New York meeting, February, 1915, and printed in Bulletin No. 100, April, 1915, pp. 695 to 704. A. F. LUCAS, Washington, D. C.-Are the results of the experiments in practical operation? WALTER 0. SNELLING.-There have been no large-scale operations up to the present. The necessary conditions of temperature are easily arranged for, but the required condition of pressure, 800 lb., is not so simple a matter. The company has been working on this problem, and at the refinery in Oklahoma work of this kind is now being carried on. The way in which an ordinary still will leak at 50 lb., and more at 100 lb., leaves some doubt in the mind of many as to what can be clone at a continuous working pressure of 800 lb. On the other hand, the fact that they are making ammonia abroad by a method which employs higher pressures and temperatures than anything involved in this method, leads me to believe that the difficulties, which will undoubtedly arise when this is attempted on a commercial scale, can be overcome. WILLIAM N. BEST, New York, N. Y.-Is there any change in the calorific value of these oils?

Jan 5, 1915

By V. V. Strishkov, Zane E. Murphy, George Markon

Soviet industrial expansion depends on coal as a source of power and raw materials for the USSR's metallurgical and chemical industries. Knowledge of the Soviet Union's coal resources and production outlook is essential for a critical evaluation of the Soviet industrial potential. Although there is considerable literature on the Soviet coal industry, no single source provides an authoritative study of how the coal industry functions and how well it per- formed its job. Soviet reports are singularly lacking in the precise data in terms that are comprehensible to a westerner. It is essential, therefore, to clarify the terms in Soviet parlance. These terms are not comparable to those in common use in the West and are the cause of most inaccurate results. Official Soviet data on labor productivity refer to a limited group of "production workers" while in the West all wage earners are counted. Statistics are based on unprepared or run-of-mine coal, whereas it is customary elsewhere to measure productivity in terms of marketable coal. Thus, many western publications, while diligently and accurately reporting published Soviet data, overstate the case, presenting an exaggerated picture of Soviet progress in coal production and technology. (In terms of Western criteria, there is a three-fold exaggeration of labor productivity.)

Jan 5, 1973

By J. Henry Harden

I DESIRE to call the attention of the Institute to a new form of drawing-board trestle. With the ordinary four-legged trestle, commonly used, one has not the means of adjusting the height of the board to the draughtsman. To obviate this inconvenience, and at the same time to enable one to incline the board, I have devised an arrangement of curved and straight slots and thumb-screws, by means of which the board can be raised three or more inches, and placed at any desired angle of inclination on either side. Figures 2, 3 (Plate I) show side and end elevations of the trestle for a single board, and Figure 4 for two boards. The latter form is adapted for use in schools, or where it is desired to economize space.

Jan 1, 1874

By Edwin Ludlow

EDWIN LUDLOW, the 41st President of the A. I. M. E., died in Muskogee, Okla., on Feb. 10, 1924, after a brief illness of influenza followed by pneumonia. He was born in Oakdale, Long Island, N. Y., March 12, 1858, a son of William Handy and Louise (Nicoll) Ludlow, attended Flushing (L. I.) Institute 1868-75: and Columbia School of Mines (N. Y.) where he graduated with the degree of Engineer of Mines with the Class of 1879. After graduation his first employment was as assistant engineer in river and harbor work on the Delaware River near Philadelphia. In 1881 he went to Mexico as one of the engineers on the Mexican Central Railroad, then building from Laredo, Texas, to Mexico City. The road being in financial difficulties he returned to the United, [states, and shortly thereafter was made superintendent of the Union Coal Co.'s collieries located in the western middle anthracite field, between Shamokin and Mt. Carmel. Ludlow and Arthur H. Storrs, then superintendent of the Neilson Shaft Colliery, in Shamokin, were known throughout that section as the baby superintendents, both under 25 years of age. The appointments of such young men were at that time unique and set a record for youthful assumption of re-

Jan 1, 1924

Conservationists have launched an attack on the mining law of 1872, accusing it of permitting the min- ing industry to rob the public and despoil the environment while doing it. Michael McCloskey, executive director of the Sierra Club, and one who has made known his opposition to the law said, "environmentalists are unified in their agreement that repeal . . . is one of conservation's most urgent tasks . . . ." Charles H. Callahan, executive vice president of the National Audubon Society, paralleled McCloskey's sentiments, calling the law a "disgrace" and a "give-away." In his opening statement before the Senate Interior Committee, Chairman Henry M. Jackson (D-Wash.) said that legislation pending before the committee would put the hard rock minerals under a leasing system as is the case with oil and gas.

Jan 1, 1971

By J. Henry Harden

I desire to call the attention of the Institute to a new form of drawing-board trestle. With the ordinary four-legged trestle, commonly used, one has not the means of adjusting the height of the board to the draughtsman. To obviate this inconvenience, and at the same time to enable one to incline the board, I have devised an arrangement of curved and straight slots and thumb-screws, by means of which the hoard can be raised three or more inches, and placed at any desired angle of inclination on either side. Figures 2, 3 (Plate I) show side and end elevations of the trestle for a single board, and Figure 4 for two boards. The latter form is adapted for use in schools, or where it is desired to economize space.

The Engineering Council met on October 11 in the rooms of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Engineering Societies Building, New York. The Rules Committee submitted a draft of rules for the admission of other societies to the Council and progress was made in their consideration. The Committee on Public Affairs reported on a number of requests that the Council support pending or proposed legislation. Remedial laws intended to promote hydro-electric development were favored and Council voted to offer its cooperation to the United States Chamber of Commerce which is interesting itself in this matter. A movement to coordinate, unify and strengthen the work of various engineering committees cooperating with the federal authorities at Washington was favorably considered. Messrs. H. W. Buck and Charles. Whiting Baker were appointed Council conferees. CALVERT TOWNLEY, Secretary.

Jan 12, 1917

The fall meeting of the. Institute of Metals Division will be held in Philadelphia on Sept. 30 to Oct. 2. All meetings will be held in the Ritz-Carlton Hotel, Broad and Walnut Streets, which is also the hotel headquarters. As this meeting is being held in conjunction with the meeting of the American Foundrymen's Association, the members of the Institute will have the privileges of the exhibit of the Foundrymen's Association. This, it is expected, will be one of the largest exhibits made in this country. On Monday evening, Sept. 29, there will be a meeting, in the Ritz-Carlton Hotel, of former officers and members of the Executive Committee of the Institute. It is requested that all officers and Committee members, the present as well as the past, will arrange to be present.

Jan 8, 1919

The fall meeting of the Institute of Metals Division Will be held in Philadelphia on Sept. 30 to Oct. 2. All meetings will be held in the Ritz-Carlton Hotel, Broad and Walnut Streets, which is also the hotel headquarters. As this meeting is being held in conjunction with the meeting of the American Foundrymen's Association, the members of the Institute will have the privileges of the exhibit of the Foundrymen's Association. This, it is expected, will be one of the largest exhibits made in this country. On Monday evening, Sept. 29, there will be a meeting, in the Ritz-Carlton Hotel, of former officers and members of the Executive Committee of the Institute. It is requested that all officers and Committee members, the present as well as the past, will arrange to be present.

Jan 9, 1919

Meeting of Mar. 27, 1914.-President Thayer announced the appointment of H. S. Munroe as a member and E. Gybbon Spilsbury as Chairman of the Library Committee of the Institute. The President announced the appointment of the Committee on Papers and Publications, the Technical Committees, the Committee on Increase of Membership, and the Committee on Junior Members and Affiliated Student Societies. The President announced the appointment of Dr. George F. Kunz as a member of the Reception Committee of the International Engineering Congress, 1915. It was voted that the Institute accept the invitation of the Mining and Scientific Press to occupy space at the Panama-Pacific Exposition next to them and avail itself of the service of their representative to receive and register members of the Institute who visit this space during the exposition.

Jan 5, 1914

W: 0. HOTCHKISS, Madison, Wis. (written discussion*).-Mr. George's paper on. "The Wisconsin Zinc District" is a very complete and clear description, which it is a pleasure to read. His discussion of the origin of the ores is the least satisfactory part, and Mr. George correctly states present knowledge when he begins his paragraph on a origin with the words "the general supposition is, etc." There is still much to be learned regarding the details of the processes by which the ores have reached their present situation. In this the Wisconsin district differs not at all from other mining districts. It is my hope that Mr. George and others, equally clear-thinking, who are in close touch with these operations will be able at an early date to give us more information on this subject.

Jan 3, 1918

Meeting of June 4, 1915.-The President announced the appointment of the following Committee on National Reserve Corps of Engineers: Dr. Henry S. Drinker, Chairman; Arthur S. Dwight, and Warren A. Wilbur; also, the appointment of Arthur F. L. Bell as Chairman of the Committee on Petroleum and Gas, and of James F. hemp as Chairman of the Committee on Mining Geology. All of these appointments were approved. It was voted that the following minute be, placed on record and a copy sent, by order of the Board of Directors, to the family of John Birkinbine: "The Board of Directors of the American Institute of Mining Engineers hereby records its sense of sorrow and loss in the death of John Birkinbine, a former President, and for many years an active member of the Institute, and contributor to its Transactions. "Mr. Birkinbine's eminence as an engineer, author and editor, intimately connected with the industrial progress of the United States, brought him into contact With the leaders of science and the captains of industry, among whom his genial and estimable personal character won for him many friends; and his departure in the prime of Strength and usefulness is mourned by a wide circle."

Jan 7, 1915

By R. J. Quigg, G. P. Conard, J. F. Libsch

IN a recent investigation of the Mn-Ge system by Zwicker it was reported that two inter-metallic compounds in this system, Mn,Ge, and Mn,Ge,, exhibited ferromagnetic properties. Of these, Mn,Ge, was reported as "strongly magnetic" and Mn,Ge, was said to be "weakly magnetic" but no actual values were given. In a study of magnetic alloys of nonmagnetic elements sponsored by the United States Army Signal Corps at Lehigh University, test bars having the nominal composition of these compounds were prepared by pressing elemental powders and sintering them in a purified helium atmosphere. Magnetic values obtained on these compounds are reported in Tables I and 11. It should be cautioned that the test bars were somewhat porous and that X-ray patterns run on these materials indicated that the homogenization in the samples was not complete, but that in each case the compound reported on was the dominant phase. The (B-H) max and particularly the Br values for pure dense M&Ge, can, therefore, be expected to be somewhat higher than those reported herein, while those for Mn,Ge, may be in error in either direction. Further details on this investigation are available in previous publications.23

Jan 1, 1956

Major William R. Grunow, in a brief account off his military services, says: "I take pleasure in informing you that since my return from France I have been stationed at Camp A. A. Humphreys, Va., and am now on duty as a Senior Instructor at the Engineer Officers' Training School. While in France, I served as a company commander in the 305th Engineers and was later ordered to return to the United States for assignment to new troops. Upon arrival in the United States, I received my majority." P. F. Rodegerdts gives us the following account of his military service: "I enlisted in the Naval Reserve Flying Corps in San Francisco on Feb. 12, 1918. On February 10, I was ordered to Cambridge, Mass., where I was enrolled for the course in technical aircraft construction given at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After successfully completing the course of instruction, I spent six weeks in practical construction of seaplanes at the Curtiss aeroplane factory in Buffalo. Following this, I was assigned to active service at Akron, Ohio, on June 22, 1918. At the same time I received my commission of ensign U.S.N. R.F. Unfortunately, I have been kept at Akron and although I have made

Jan 1, 1919

By P. Martignan

UNTIL quite recently, Alsace was the only district in France where petroleum could be found in somewhat industrial quantities. The Pechelbronn fields produce, however, only about 80,000 tons a year, which represent approximately one-eighth of the domestic consumption. Much research work has been done in Alsace to find the prolongation of the Pechelbronn fields, but instead of oil the drillings revealed the existence of large deposits of potash. This can, be easily explained when one remembers that the Pechelbronn oil is of the Oligocene period, and, that in the Alsatian stratification the Oligocene lies immediately on the Keuper, i. e., on the strata that originate from a period during which the largest salt and potash deposits were constituted. Before the war, and mostly at the end of the last century, some wells were drilled in various districts of France where some analogies could be found with the Alsatian geology, the borings being mainly made in the Triassic and Tertiary beds. They led to negative results. After the war, the growing importance of oil urged the necessity of resuming the explorations. But it is our belief. that this was greatly facilitated by the enacting of new legislation, which is embodied in the Mine Act of May 16, 1922.

Jan 3, 1925

Your outgoing President, following the worthy example of distinguished predecessors, submits a reckoning of his stewardship. He renders this fully realizing that without the hearty cooperation of Directors and Secretary, which he here recognizes most cordially, no President, who at best is but a passing force, can achieve markworthy results. The details as to your membership, finances, intellectual output, and,-other activities, have been submitted in the report of the Secretary.* It is enough to emphasize that during the year just expired, your organization has held two of its most successful meetings-one the largest in its history-has produced the largest number of papers, eliciting most interested discussions, has enjoyed its greatest income; and has received more than one thousand new members-passing the best previous record by more than one hundred, and exceeding the average increment of the, past five years by one third. It closes the year with 6528 members, the largest enrollment in its history. All of this might be true and yet the intellectual and social spirit, the loyalty of membership, the real life of the organization, might remain stagnant. As to these, it is for others than your speaker to testify. No comparison is feared.

Jan 3, 1918

By Kendall E. Born

Production of crude oil in Tennessee during 1941 was slightly more than 15,000 bbl., about the same as in the preceding year. Two thirds of the total was from the Mississippi limestone pools in Scott and Morgan Counties. About a dozen small scattered wells in Clay, Pickett, and Fentress Counties, pumped irregularly, produced approximately 5000 bbl. Natural gas was marketed from wells in Morgan and Fentress Counties for consumption in the Sunbright and Jamestown areas, respectively. The production by counties is shown in Table I. Drilling activities in the state fell to the lowest stage since 1933. Twenty-seven wells were spudded in during 1941, of which six were drilling or only temporarily suspended on Dec. 37, 1941. Of the 22 completions, four were gas wells of undetermined quantity, but are classed as commercial, and 17 were dry or near-dry holes. One well encountered oil, but it has not been tested. The total footage drilled during the year was 29,916 ft.; the average depth of wells was 1359 ft. The more important wildcats are listed in Table 2; the distribution of tests according to physiographic divisions is given in Table 3. East Tennessee.—One well was drilled to 3480 ft. in northwestern Anderson County, in the highly disturbed Appalachian area, a region long considered the most unfavorable in the state for the accumulation of oil and gas. Another test is now drilling below 2000 ft. in this general area. Cumberland Plateau.—There were two completions in the Cumberland Plateau area. One test, drilled in northwestern Scott County in an area of former Mississippi limestone production,' encountered a considerable amount of free oil at 850 ft., about the same horizon as in the old abandoned wells. No pumping tests have been made to date. A well at Oneida, Scott County, found gas at 1579 ft. in a sandy limestone of lower Mississippian age. The volume was reported doubled by a shot, although no open-flow measurement is available. Eastern Highland Rim.—Six completions on the eastern Highland Rim resulted in two small gas wells in Fentress County, which will be used to augment the supply for Jamestown. The producing horizons are shaly limestones of Ordovician (Trenton) age. Two wells in this area tested the upper part of the Knox dolomite group, one of which encountered some free oil in a sandy dolomite at 1670 to 1681 ft. A test high on a well-defined structure in Clay County found a considerable amount

Jan 1, 1942

We remember him as a messmate, as a roommate, and when we rubbed shoulders with him on the square, for his kindly thought and unassuming manners. The Spanish grippe has claimed many from our depot. As we read down the names we pause here and there to recall some incident to establish permanently in our memory as a link to bind us, the living, with the dead. "And there's one name we cannot pass So we pause, and ponder awhile. And recall all his cheery words, And his smile—his perpetual smile." Men detained in the Quarantine Camp will have cause to remember him too, for he displayed his gentlemanly bearing and courtesy to all he came in contact with. Lieutenant Norman Lloyd Ohnsorg First Lieutenant Norman Lloyd Ohnsorg died in Nashville, Tenn., on Oct. 11, 1918. He mas born in St. Louis, Mo., Jan. 10, 1889, and lived in that city until he was 11 years of age when his parents removed to Iron Mountain, Mo., where he spent the next 6 years. On Jan. 10, 1906, he entered the Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy at Rolla, Mo., and graduated from that institution in 1910, receiving both the Bachelor of Science in Mining Engineering and the Engineer of Mines degrees. In 1912, he received the degree of Bachelor of Science in Metallurgy, and in 1916, the degree of Metallurgical Engineer. After leaving college he wae connected with the following companies: Noble Electric Steel Works, Heroult, Shasta Co., Cal.; Mammoth Copper Mining Co.. Kennett, Cal.; St. Joseph Lead Co., Herculaneum, Mo.; Granby Smelting & Mining Co., Neodesha, Kans.; The Phosphate Mining Co., Nichols, Fla. While with the last company, he volunteered, in April, 1917, for service in the engineering corps of the U. S. Army. He passed an excellent examination, was accepted and called to Washington and placed in Division T. of the Ordnance Department where he was engaged in research work pertaining to nitrogen. He was then ordered to Sheffield, Ala., where he was second in command of the construction of the Government nitrogen plants at Muscle Shoals. After the completion of the plants, he was ordered to Buffalo, N. Y., on Sept. 28, 1915, to inspect and report on a government plant. After completing this work, he was called back to Sheffield. He left Buffalo on Oct. 6, but delayed trains caused him to miss connections in Cincinnati where he had to wait 12 hours. He had not beedfeeling well for

Jan 1, 1920

By Kendall E. Born

Production of crude oil in Tennessee during 1941 was slightly more than 15,000 bbl., about the same as in the preceding year. Two thirds of the total was from the Mississippi limestone pools in Scott and Morgan Counties. About a dozen small scattered wells in Clay, Pickett, and Fentress Counties, pumped irregularly, produced approximately 5000 bbl. Natural gas was marketed from wells in Morgan and Fentress Counties for consumption in the Sunbright and Jamestown areas, respectively. The production by counties is shown in Table I. Drilling activities in the state fell to the lowest stage since 1933. Twenty-seven wells were spudded in during 1941, of which six were drilling or only temporarily suspended on Dec. 37, 1941. Of the 22 completions, four were gas wells of undetermined quantity, but are classed as commercial, and 17 were dry or near-dry holes. One well encountered oil, but it has not been tested. The total footage drilled during the year was 29,916 ft.; the average depth of wells was 1359 ft. The more important wildcats are listed in Table 2; the distribution of tests according to physiographic divisions is given in Table 3. East Tennessee.—One well was drilled to 3480 ft. in northwestern Anderson County, in the highly disturbed Appalachian area, a region long considered the most unfavorable in the state for the accumulation of oil and gas. Another test is now drilling below 2000 ft. in this general area. Cumberland Plateau.—There were two completions in the Cumberland Plateau area. One test, drilled in northwestern Scott County in an area of former Mississippi limestone production,' encountered a considerable amount of free oil at 850 ft., about the same horizon as in the old abandoned wells. No pumping tests have been made to date. A well at Oneida, Scott County, found gas at 1579 ft. in a sandy limestone of lower Mississippian age. The volume was reported doubled by a shot, although no open-flow measurement is available. Eastern Highland Rim.—Six completions on the eastern Highland Rim resulted in two small gas wells in Fentress County, which will be used to augment the supply for Jamestown. The producing horizons are shaly limestones of Ordovician (Trenton) age. Two wells in this area tested the upper part of the Knox dolomite group, one of which encountered some free oil in a sandy dolomite at 1670 to 1681 ft. A test high on a well-defined structure in Clay County found a considerable amount

Jan 1, 1942