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"INTRODUCTION Sheet mica is one of the most important minerals in modern industry. It is used in many kinds of electrical devices, and up to the present time no satisfactory substitute for it has been developed. It is necessary for the successful operation of airplanes, ships, motor vehicles radios, and radar equipment. Early in World y r II, the Array and Navy, foreseeing the need for conserving the stock of sheet mica on hand and realizing that imports from India and Brazil were falling off, had strategic mica placed on the critical war-materials list.Examination and exploration by the Bureau of nines indicated that there probably are large undeveloped deposits of mica in Alabama, some of which are near the surface and others at greater depth. The quality of most of this mica is high.During World War I, Alabama mica producers added materially to domestic production, but after 1920 virtually all of the mines closed end miners scattered. During World War II, when imports from India, Madagascar,Brazil,,other foreign sources were reduced, sometime was required for Alabama to act into production. Operators began to produce small quantities in 1942.The Colonial Mica Corporation was created by the Government during 1942 to buy Mica for the Metals Reserve Company, end later Colonial was made sole buying accent for strategic mica. About this time the Bureau of Mines estab¬lished the graphite field laboratory at Ashland, Ala. Samples of mica wore submitted for examination, and advice was requested by property owners and mine operators. This continued during 1943, when as many as 400 visitors a month called at the Bureau's Ashland field laboratory."

Aug 1, 1946

Mine drainage and mine reclamation are topics of major interest to the mining industry, federal and local governments, and the general public. This publication and its companion three volumes are the proceedings of a conference held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, April 24-29, 1994. There were twelve sessions (69 papers) that dealt with mine drainage, including modeling, geochemistry, prediction, treatment, control strategies, characterization, hydrology, and case studies. These sessions comprise volumes 1 and 2. The six sessions (34 papers) that dealt with reclamation and revegetation of disturbed lands are included in volume 3. Volume 4 includes the six sessions (34 papers) that dealt with such topical issues as fires at abandoned mine sites, subsidence, hydrology, mine wastes, and policy. Poster session presentations are represented by 49 papers and 92 abstracts that have been placed in the back of volumes 2, 3, and 4, consistent with the subject of that volume.

Jan 1, 1994

1. Domestic Production and Use: In 1983, 12 companies operated 27 primary aluminum reduction plants, with 4 firms accounting for 65% of production. Washington, Oregon, and Montana accounted for 35% of the production; Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, New York, Ohio, and West Virginia 35%; Tennessee, Alabama, South Carolina, and North Carolina 14%; other central States 16%. Based on published producer prices, output of primary metal in 1983 was valued at over $5.7 billion. Aluminum consumption by 25,000 firms was centered in the East Central United States. Packaging accounted for an estimated 37% of domestic consumption in 1983, transportation 19%, building 17%, electrical 9%, consumer durables 8%, and other uses 10%.

Jan 1, 1984

By B Hayter, M Carr, K Williams, C Wheeler, W Chen

Current trends into mining iron ore have seen an increase in the exploitation of problematic orebodies that would typically be disregarded. These bulk materials cause problems within all facets of the material handling stream, from remains left in train wagons to transfer chute blockages, which can cause costly downtime to mining operations (Roberts, 1998). These problematic bulk materials are referred to as wet and sticky material (WSM) due to the adhesive and cohesive nature they possess. Their characteristics can be computationally expensive to model. With the development of discrete element modelling (DEM), in conjunction with advancement in computational power over the past decade, it is now more feasible to model WSMs into the DEM technique.This research will couple two different contact models that can represent the characteristics of a WSM. These models include the Simplified Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (SJKR) and the Easo liquid bridging contact models. The SJKR contact model is an expanded form of the classic Hertz model. This model includes the tensile forces that are in the contact zone between two bodies when they are separated, which the Hertz model failed to capture (Johnson, Kendall and Roberts, 1971). The Easo liquid bridging contact model accounts for the capillary effects and surface tension that will form between two bodies, such as that of a WSM (Soulié et al, 2006). Both of these models were coupled to give the best representation of a WSM, which was simulated using MoleculeX™ (Chen and Williams, 2017) as the software platform.Additionally, this research also investigated the adhesion of problematic iron ore samples onto impact plates under dynamic conditions. An experimental set-up consisting of an apron feeder and inclined impact plate was utilised, to gain an understanding of the way the material builds-up and the possible modes of failure that could be experienced. This was undertaken for different wall liner materials, wall liner angles and moisture contents of the iron ore samples. From this, a series of DEM calibration simulations were conducted on the experimental set-up and particle size distributions (PSD) of the iron ore samples. This enabled forming of a database of parameters, which can be scaled for on-site applications in relation to geometry of the plant and PSDs that would represent run-of-mine ores.CITATION:Carr, M, Williams, K, Chen, W, Hayter, B, Roberts, A and Wheeler, C, 2017. The dynamic adhesion of wet and sticky iron ores onto impact plates, in Proceedings Iron Ore 2017, pp 511–518 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 24, 2017

Mr. BRADFORD said :-On assuming this chair, which has been occupied by so many gentlemen of conspicuous ability; my first words must be an expression of the gratitude I feel for the honour you have done me in electing me to be your President for this year.When considering the subject matter of this address to you to-night, quite frankly may it be stated that for a long time I was on the horns of a very great dilemma, for while I could discourse on the modern political trend in relation to our industries at great length, it appeared to me that this was not the place for such a discussion. Next I turned to a consideration of whether a discourse on the theory and practice of iron and steel would be of interest.I, however, banished this idea also from my mind, because it appeared to me that you have already had a surfeit of this on your visits of inspection to our local industries and I did not want in any way to be held responsible for the iron entering into your souls! I therefore propose, with your kind consideration, to address you on other subjects of common and vital interest to all.My first words and thoughts turn on the absolute necessity of eliminating waste in our methods. If we are to succeed in our...

Jan 1, 1926

The February General Meeting of the Branch was held in the St. Helena Club at 8.00 p.m. on the 10th February, 1971. Mr G. Y. Nisbet (Chairman, O.F.S. Branch) was in the chair. There were also present: Seven Fellows: Messrs. N. A. Honnet, C. J. Isaac, J. M' Meyer, I. Thomas (Committee Members), J. Lorenzen, S. L. S. Swart and D. Waterman. Six Members: Messrs. R. Campbell, D. J. Couperthwaite, R. Cross, A. H. Edwards, C. G. J. Vermeulen and G. J. C. Young. Two Graduates: Messrs. J. McLuskie and M. H. Smith. Six Associates: Messrs. J. Dean, W. F. de Lange, J. S. Freer, A. Hooper, A. Paschalides and L. Vorster. One Student: Mr D. J. Hammond and nine visitors, a total attendance of thirty-two. Minutes As the minutes of the General Meeting held on the 17th November, 1970 had not yet been published in the Journal, the Chairman moved that the adoption and discussion thereof be deferred to the next General Meeting. This motion was adopted unanimously. Office-bearers The Chairman informed the meeting that this branch had received the resignation of Mr J. N. Saunders. Following his resignation the Committee elected the following office-bearers: Chairman - Mr G. Y. Nisbet Vice Chairman - Mr J. M. Meyer The Chairman also announced that Messrs. J. M. Meyer and G. J. C. Young had been co-opted onto the Committee. General Members were advised that arrangements had been made for the Cookhouse Tunnel visit towards the end of March. Talk by J. Freer The Chairman called on Mr J. Freer to deliver his talk on "Uranium Extraction, Processing and Conversion for Fuel Element Manufacture". The presentation of this talk, illustrated by sketches, proved very interesting and entertaining and was received with applause from all present. Mr I. Thomas proposed a vote of thanks to Mr Freer on behalf of all members of the O.F.S. Branch. After thanking Mr Freer for his talk and all present for their attendance, the Chairman declared the meeting closed at 9.30 p.m.

By Ralph D. Parker

THE subject matter of this paper will be primarily restricted to the metallic mineral industry, which last year was responsible for almost 60 per •Cent of the total value of Canada's mineral production. It has been written that, in the broad sweep of eternal time, sixty years is as transient as a flicker of lightning in a summer night's sky. In the history of mankind and human endeavour, however, six decades can encompass momentous events and far-reaching •circumstances, all of which affect the lives of men and change the destiny of nations. This observation is con-firmed very positively by a study of our Canadian mining history, from either the broad viewpoint of human progress or the more specialized viewpoint of national economy. The past sixty years have witnessed vast changes in the economic importance of mining in this country's affairs, and also in the technology of the industry. Mining has emerged from the days of rule-of-thumb practice and is now taking on the stature of a highly diversified science.

Jan 1, 1962

By Ronald D. Rothchild

This report describes the results of a study of longwall ignition hazards and specific suppression systems to minimize each of the major hazards. The major ignition hazards were identified by conducting a literature search and conversing with knowledgeable individuals in the United States mining industry. Three classes of potential ignition suppression systems are discussed: triggered suppression systems for face ignition, passive suppression systems, and control of ignition hazard in the gob. The triggered suppression systems included protection for the shearer, head and tail gates, welding equipment, and the shearer power cable. Passive systems include improved ventilation and water sprays, and charges in the shearer head. Gob protection can be improved by isolating the gob from working areas and by introducting inerting agents into the gob.

Jan 1, 1976

By BRETTMANN TRACY

Jan 1, 2000

By S. L. Huang

The location and shape of potential failure surfaces in soil slopes were directly determined based on the stresses induced in the soil mass and the strength of the soil itself. Stress calculations were carried out by the finite element method with the Drucker-Prager nonlinear material model. The Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and Mohr's circle stress analysis were then applied to the calculated stresses to determine the characteristics of the failure surface.

Jan 1, 1989

By R. Drummond

The fourth Teetered Bed Separator (TBS) has just been installed in Australia, and trials have been run in many sites. There is a growing recognition of the potential advantages of using TBS technology to treat coal in the ?3+0.25 mm size range, at cut points below 1.60. From these activities, there has been a substantial growth in knowledge with respect to application engineering and operational functions. The paper briefly describes the installations, including flowsheets, and so provides a background to the potential deployment of TBS technology. There are a large number of potential applications for TBS technology, including treatment of fine ROM coal in new plants, or in upgrade situations for re-processing of spiral product, or scavenging coal from coarse tailings. As well, cost effective capacity upgrades are possible by using TBS units for treating the sands size fraction. Issues arising from Australian TBS installations and application engineering are also discussed.

Jan 1, 2002

Mineragraphy is a coined term to signify the field of microscopic investigation of ore minerals. The term is not euphonius and is sometimes regarded as superfluous because the subject is no more than an enlargement of the scope of petrology. In the past the practical field of petrology has been largely limited by the instruments which were designed for the study of rocks and' the microscopical properties of the transparent minerals. The addition of mineragraphy has been brought about by the use of the reflecting microscope and a totally different technique.The use of the petrological microscope, as it has been employed in the training oi geologists and mining engineers for nearly half a century, has been justified many times, not only in its application to general geological problems, but also in the more restricted field of the exploration and examination of ore deposits. It provides information of the gangue minerals and rocks associated with an ore body which is of great value in some mining fields. In cases where ore deposits occur selectively in certain favourable types of rock, the recognition and delineation of these rock types is a useful guide in prospecting. The Boulder Belt at Kalgoorlie forms one of the most striking examples in Australia where important significance is attached to different rock types, and the petrological microscope is essential to their elucidation.

Jan 1, 1932

By K Morrison

Australia’s ageing population means that by 2050 there will be 2.7 people of working age to support each Australian aged 65 years and over compared with five working people per retiree today and compared with 7.5 in 1970 (Swan, 2010). This means that there is going to be a greater demand on social services – for medical and aged care – from a smaller private income base. How will this gap be met? Australia is fortunate in that it has vast resources of mineral wealth; from iron ore, nickel and gas in Western Australia to the giant copper and uranium deposits at Olympic Dam in South Australia.The prospect of a meaningful profit based tax on this vast mineral wealth has been lost through Australian government’s handling of the issue in 2010 and with an industry fiercely opposed to the prospect of a mining tax. Hence, new ways of thinking are required. This paper looks at the issues facing the implementation of a novel scheme whereby Australia leases the mineral resources it extracts and thus derives income over the decades the metals are in-use in pipes, wires and structures with a premium paid for unreturned material or that used in dissipative applications. Applicable minerals could include copper, aluminium, nickel and rare earths. If Australia simply digs up and sells the metals once, the buyer becomes custodian of that resource and they benefit from controlling the future ‘above-ground’ resource stock.A complementary driver for a leasing scheme is the increasing importance of chain-of-custody following initiatives of the Responsible Jewellery Council with gold and diamonds, now with the potential to extend across commodities. The Australian minerals sector could thus position itself as a premium supplier with high social and environmental credentials.Recognising the implementation challenges, this paper includes a review of how such a system could be enforced to ensure that the metal is tracked throughout its life. It concludes with a discussion of the rates and terms should such agreements hold and suggestions for institutional arrangements for enforcing compliance.

Nov 22, 2011

[Adams, E. R Rock Springs, Wyoming Adams, V. H. 422 East San Miguel Street, Colorado Springs, Colorado Allen, Earl W 257 Rio Grande Street, Salt Lake City, Utah Allen, Louis B . Box 1920, Denver 1. Colorado Allen, Thomas Argonaut Hotel, Denver, Colorado Alston, G. L Mine Safety Appliances Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. Ambler, J. B Box 591, Denver, Colorado Apperson, A. B. 394 Elm Street, Denver 7, Colorado Arnett, L. L. 325 North First West, Price, Utah Audin, Abel Somerset, Colorado Audin, Clement, Jr Paonia, Colorado Audin, Clement, Sr Box 627, Paonia, Colorado Audin, Ralph Box 285, Somerset, Colorado]

Jan 1, 1952

By Hu Harries

WE RECENTLY completed a study for a client, who is an applicant to export gas from the Province of Alberta, on the effects of gas export on Alberta's economy. This study was part of the client's application ?before the Conservation Board, and, no doubt, some of you are familiar with it. Submissions by other applicants in earlier hearings before the Board and before the Royal Commission on Energy, as well as claims made by parties opposing export, have also brought forward a number of other opmwns regarding possible economic effects. Ali of these studies have been on a piecemeal basis. They have dealt with particular aspects of particular applications, and only indirectly and by inference with the overall question of gas ex-port. We have prepared this paper to review the overall picture and ex-amine, as far as time permits, all sides of the question. While the paper is entitled Economic Effects of Gas Export on Alberta, we felt that the area considered should in-elude northeastern British Columbia, not only because Westcoast, the first major gas export project, is essentially a northeastern B. C. project, but because this area has historically been, from the point of view of economic, if not of political, geography, part of Alberta. In this paper, when we talk of export, we mean export from the Province or, in this case, from Alberta plus northeastern B. C. Sales to other parts of Canada have exactly the same effect on the economy of this area as l1ave sales to the United States, provided, of course, they are made on equal terms.

Jan 1, 1958

By FRABK HERVEY PETTINGELL

THE stock exchange and its functions is about as well understood by the average individual as the fourth dimension. What is a stock exchange? Divested of the rules and regulations by which it is governed, and the facilities it provides for the convenient handling of securities, it would be in its nude state nothing more or less than a meeting place for brokers. The stock exchange in America dates back to 1752, when a group of merchants of New York established a meeting place at the foot of Broad Street for the purpose of dealing in meal and slaves. The first definite orgarization, however, had its beginning in 1792 when 24 New York brokers signed an agreement not to buy or sell public stock for less than one quarter per cent. commission. From this small group has grown by gradual degrees, the greatest organized security market in the world, namely, the New York Stock Exchange. At the present time there are 27 stock exchanges in the United States and 5 in Canada. Based on the volume of business transacted, the Los Angeles Stock Exchange ranks 6th among them. This is attributable to the fact that strictly speaking Los Angeles has never been a stock exchange town, like some other large cities. Take for instance San Francisco, which supported one stock exchange from 1862 to .1882 and has since supported two. No city, by the way, should tolerate two stock exchanges at the same time. It is an economic folly and a senseless duplication that can be compared with rival telephone companies or competing street railway systems, paralleling each other's lines and always leads to trouble and confusion, and sooner or later one or the other falls by the wayside. While Los Angeles has had stock exchanges of one kind or another since 1896, none of them attracted much attention until 1899 when the present exchange was organized and it did not get well under way until along in 1906.

Jan 1, 1925

By B. W. Roberts, V. A. Phillips

A copper alloy containing- 25.5 at, pct Zn and 19.0 at. pct Ni, which was previously found to show an anoma1old.s hardening effect on quenching- from 600 "C and aging- at 400oc, has now been examined by neutron diffraction. No evidence of long-range order was found. The aged sample showed diffuse scattering- consistent with clustering. The anomalous hardening effect is now attributed to lattice strains caused by clustering rather than (long-range) order hardening. SOLID-solution Cu-Ni-Zn alloys (the commercial 'nickel silvers") have been reported to show anomalies in: change of resistivity on cold working,1-6 temperature coefficient of resistance,2-12 resistivity at low temperatures,13,14 parameter (vs temperature),2"4 calorimetric data,2,4 specific heat,15,16 dilation,2-4 and elastic modulus.17 The structure responsible for the anomalies is produced by annealing typically near 400°C and is rather loosely referred to as the ('K-Zustands" (K state), a term coined by Thomas1' who apparently meant simply that the arrangement of atoms on the sites deviated from that expected statistically. Thomas proposed that the K state occurred in a variety of (solid-solution) alloys such as Cu-Ni-Zn, Ni-Cr, Ni-A1, Ni-Cu, Fe-A1, and Fe-Si and is recognized because its formation is strongly temperature-dependent and results in an increase in electrical resistance which can then be decreased by cold working. Later workers on ('nickel silver" have interpreted the K state variously as short-range order, long-range order. or a combination. The present work was prompted by the discovery by Phillips and Jones19 of a substantial hardening effect when an 18 pct "nickel silver" alloy which is fairly close to the Cu2NiZn composition, was reheated in the range 150" to 450 C after previously quenching from 600°C or, alternatively. was slow-cooled from 600°C or above. The phenomenon was attributed to (long-range) order hardening. Due to the similarity in the atomic scattering factors of copper. nickel, and zinc atoms, the ''nickel silvers" are unfavorable for X-ray diffraction studies aimed at detecting ordering. Nevertheless Bialas et a1.,20 using a powder sample containing 47.96 wt pct Cu, 24.03 wt pct Ni, and 27.98 wt pct Zn, slow-cooled from 400" to 200°C taking 500 hr, observed weak super lattice lines. Further unpublished work" using an anomalous dispersion X-ray technique indicates that zinc atoms are regularly ordered at the corner points of the lattice cell, while the nickel and copper atoms are statistically distributed on the remaining sites. Köster 17 also observed X-ray superlattice lines, for example, in an alloy containing 43.5 wt pct Cu, 28.6 wt pct Ni, and 27.9 wt pct Zn superimposed on the basic fcc cell with a = 3.62 kX. He proposed a Cu3Au-type superlattice with the Ll2 structure in which the A sites were statistically occupied by copper and nickel atoms and the B sites by zinc. He adds that substitution must be possible so that zinc atoms partly occupy A sites. Below about 35 pct Cu, Koster had some evidence for a CuAu-type superlattice with the Llo tetragonal fcc structure with a = 3.82 kX, c/a = 0.88 which could be preserved by quenching. This is suggested17722 to correspond to CuNiZn. While the present work was in progress Hirabaya-shi et a1.23 made an independent comprehensive neutron-diffraction study of a single crystal containing 50.05 at. pct Cu, 26.57 at. pct Ni, 0.25 at. pct Mn, 0.13 at. pct Fe, balance zinc. The presence of manganese and iron is surprising since the crystal was supposedly grown from high-purity metals. The homogenized crystal showed evidence of long-range ordering after an anneal of 5 months at about 300°C. Three possible crystal models were proposed. A curious feature of their results23 is that they could not find any neutron-diffraction evidence of ordering in a powdered polycrystalline near-stoichiometric Cu2NiZn alloy. There appears to be some essential difference between a near-stoichiometric Cu2NiZn alloy and one somewhat further off stoichiometry as used by the present authors. Thus Sato14 was able to reproduce the low-temperature resistivity anomaly reported by one of the authors13 on the present alloy if he used a similar composition, but found the normal behavior of the residual resistivity in a near-stoichiometric alloy. satol2 found that the resistivity of a cold-drawn slightly off-stoichiometric alloy increased to a maximum on isothermally annealing at 300°C and then decreased ("over-aged"). Since he could not explain this on the basis of ordering phenomenon, he proposed that zinc atoms were segregating to stacking faults (Suzuki effect) and found etching bands on the surface by replication which were attributed to the widening of faults. Sato suggested14 that the hardening effect observed by Phillips and Jones19 is partly due to the Suzuki effect. EXPERIMENTAL The starting material was 1/4-in.-diam hard-drawn rod of a commercial 18 pct "nickel silver" alloy identical with that used in a previous study by Phillips

Jan 1, 1967

By F. E. Cash

The Holmes Safety Association was organized and named in honor of the late Dr. Joseph A. Holmes, first director of the United States Bureau of Mines. The association is a national organization and operates through local, sectional, or State chapters in mining, petroleum, and allied industries. The National Council of the Holmes Safety Association consists of representatives of State councils and local chapters, with the Director of the Bureau of Mines as president.

Jan 1, 1929

CONTENTS RUSSIA-R. C.-BECKSTROM 3 VENEZUELA-F. H. KAY 9 TRINIDAD-W. J. MlLLARD 20 RUMANIA-1. I. GARDESCU 26

Jan 1, 1932

By Walter F. Atkins

Fair market value, in the legal sense , is the price which a prudent and knowledgeable buyer and a prudent and knowledgeable seller, acting without constraint or compulsion , will agree upon to exchange an asset. In the ordinary commercial or engineering usage, the term may imply simply the market value or a reasonable and equitable price. The engineer evaluator who is called upon to express an opinion about the fair market value of an asset may be able to base his estimate on the sale price of similar assets or on the market values of stock. Frequently such indicators of value are not available and the evaluator must devise other means of appraisal. Mineral resource properties may be thought of as having value by virtue of the existing or potential ability to produce at a profit. Conventional procedures permit the computation of the present value of future revenues having due regard for the time value of money and the risks attendant upon the realization of the venture. Such computations have gained wide acceptance as a basis for the estimation of fair market value.

Jan 1, 1977