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By F. A. Rutledge

The Bureau of Mines Investigated the Copper Bullion claims at Rua Cove on the east coast of knight Island in Prince William Sound, Alaska, during November-December 1948 and March-April 1949. This project was part of the Bureau of Mines program for developing critical and strategic minerals in Alaska, Mineralization at the copper deposit on the Copper Bullion group of claims is mainly pyrrhotate and chalcopyrite, confined to a northeast-trending shear zone in the greenstone 2,000 feet northwest of Rua Cove. The property has been partly developed by two adits, by a number of crosscuts from the upper adit, and by several diamond-drill holes.

Jan 1, 1953

By Fearnsides W. G.

The map shows the sites of collieries and important boreholes in the district, with approximate underground contours of the pre-Permian surface of the Coal-Measures and of the Barnsley Bed

Dec 1, 1916

1. Book review Steels- microstructure and properties, by R. W. K. Honeycombe. London, Edward Arnold, 1981. 244 pp. Rl9,90. (Reviewer: P. T. Wedepohl) 2. New books Decision making in continuous steel casting, by Mark A. Vonderembse. New York, Bowker Publishing Co., 1981. U8 pp. Handbook on continuous casting, by E. Herrmann' Diisseldorf, Aluminium-Verlag GmbH, 1980. 742 pp. Cloth DM 1250, leather DM 1500. Pore structure analysis from a nitrogen adsorption study of porous materials using a volumetric method. User's guide to the FORTRAN programs: PORESl and PORES2, by E. G. K. Woods. Pretoria, CERGCSIR (P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001), May 1981. Oil and gas from coal, by Dick Olliver. London, Financial Times (10 Cannon Street, London EC4P 4BY), 1980. £120. The seventies: a review, the eighties, a preview, by W. Hibbard (editor). Oxford, Pergamon, 1981. 120 pp. £12.50. Computers in materials technology, by T. Ericsson editor). Oxford, Pergamon, 1981. 230 pp. £14.50.

Jan 1, 1981

By J. E. Amadi-Echendu, F. Stober, J. Ndlovu, L. R. Nelson

The Polokwane Smelter Complex (PSC) relies on a single 68MW high-intensity six-in-line furnace to smelt a planned 650 000 t/a dry concentrate to produce a platinum group metals (PGM)-bearing matte. As typical of a greenfields venture, considerable attention was paid to the project development and implementation stages of design, engineering, construction and commissioning. Somewhat unusual though, was the role of a dedicated multi-disciplinary "Operational Readiness" and support team, comprising the owners team and specialists from the furnace designer, HATCH, to effect a safe and rapid ramp-up to the design smelter capacity of 68MW. The challenges encountered in developing an effective partnership will be discussed. The modus operandi and roles of the "Operational Readiness" team during the design, procurement, construction and commissioning stages as well as that of the operational support team within the overall ramp-up objective will be presented. The "Operational Readiness" team was responsible for:

Jan 1, 2005

By D. Spitty

There are enormous complexities with mine planning and the problem itself presents a huge challenge to the existing mine planners performing this activity. Mine planning optimization supports planners to determine ?What are the best increment excavation sequence and the best material blending combination such that throughput, quality, cost, utilization and Net Present Value (NPV) targets are met?? It is achieved through using an advanced scientific approach that has been specifically adapted to address the mine planning dilemma.

Feb 23, 2014

By Thomas Billups, Brendan FitzPatrick, Doug LeDo, David Carchedi

"Working in urban environments presents unique logistical challenges beyond those typically associated with traditional geotechnical analysis and design. These challenges often include working on sites with limited access and laydown area, vibration concerns for adjacent structures and the need to work from variable elevations or within excavations. This paper describes the use of the modular Ductile Iron Pile system, a low-vibration driven micropile, on two urban projects on the Johnson & Wales University campus in Providence, Rhode Island. The paper describes the successful implementation of Ductile Iron Piles installed to develop capacity in end-bearing on one site and friction on the second site. Design, installation and quality control operations are all presented as well as the results of full-scale load testing performed on non-production test piles. This paper is of importance to the industry because it describes a versatile option for project teams as an alternative to traditional micropiles, helical piles or other deep foundation systems for urban sites.INTRODUCTIONWorking in urban environments presents unique logistical challenges beyond those typically associated with traditional geotechnical analysis and design. These challenges often include working on sites with limited access and laydown area, vibration concerns for adjacent structures and the need to work from variable elevations or within excavations. Two recent projects in downtown Providence, Rhode Island faced a combination of problematic soil conditions and urban construction challenges including vibration concerns. Both projects were a part of the Johnson and Wales University campus development. Figure 1 illustrates the urban locations of the sites."

Jan 1, 2016

The one hundred and twentieth meeting of the Institute was held at Chicago, Sept. 22 to 26, inclusive, and was in every way success although the steel strike against the United States Steel Corpn. prevented many engineers from attending the steel session and made necessary the annulment of the trip to the steel works at Gary on Tuesday. All of the meetings were held at the Congress Hotel, with the excep-tion of the session on Non-ferrous Metallurgy which was held at the Coliseum where the Fifth National Exposition of Chemical Industries was in progress. This session was a joint one with the American Electro-chemical Society. The total attendance, as shown by the registration, was 850.

Jan 11, 1919

1. Book reviews Quantitative texture analysis, edited by H. ,}. Bunge and C. Esling. Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Metallkunde, 1982. 551 pp. Reviewer: L. 1\'1.Matthews Boundary element methods in solid mechanics by S. L. Crouch and A. M. Starfield. Reviewer: J. A. C. Diering World mineral statistics 1976-1980. Produdion,' exports,' imports, by Institute of Geological Sciences. London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1983. £18.00 Reviewer: R. P. King 2. New publications Canadian mines,. perspective from 1982. Mineral Bulletin MR 197. Supply and Services Canada, Hull, Quebec K1A 059, Canada. Copper' s changing cost structure, by Commodities Research Unit Ltd (31 Mount Pleasant, London, WClX OAD, England). Petrology of metamorphic rocks, by M. Suk. New York, Elsevier, 1983. 320 pp. U.S. $68.00. Applied geomorphology, by H. Th. Verstappen. New York, Elsevier, 1983.442 pp. U.S.$95.75. Tin and its uses, no. 137, by the International Tin Research Institute. Greenford, the Institute (Fraser Road, Greenford, Middlesex UB6 7AQ, England), 1983. 3. New journals Mining Science and Technology, edited by C. 0, Brawner and B. N. Whittaker, is to be published quarterly in one volume per year by Elsevier. Aluminium, published monthly by Aluminium -Verlag GmbH, P.O. Box 1207, D-4oo0 Diisseldorf 1, F.R. Germany. DM 690.00 per annum. Rock mechanics The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy is to hold two schools on 'Rock Mechanics in Mine Management' at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, from 23rd to 27th January, 1984, and from 30th January to 3rd February, 1984. The Federation of Societies of Professional Engineers The Federation of Societies of Professional Engineers (FSPE) has been a member of the World Federation of Engineering Organisations (W FEO) for many years and has regularly sent delegates to the biennial conference of that organisation. Second progress report by ASRET The Professional Engineers Joint Council was estabislhed in 1960 and initially its main fWlction was to represent the interests of engineers. Explosives technology The Center for Explosives Technology Research (CETR) has been established at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (Tech) in Socorro, New Mexico. International Tunnelling Association A conference entitled 'Ita Tunnels 1984' will be held in Caracas, Venezuela, from 2nd to 7th June, 1984. Automation The IFAC Symposium on Automation for Mineral Resource Development is to he held in Brisbane (Australia) from 9th to nth July, 1985.

Jan 1, 1983

By Robert G. Woolery, S. Ramachandran, James A. Weber, Donald J. Hansen

Union Carbide began looking seriously at heap leaching in 1971. At that time some 1.6 million tons of mineral averaging 0.40 kg U308 /t) (0.80 lb U308) were stockpiled at various sites around the Gas Hills, Wyoming, uranium facility. Several alternatives for economically exploiting these reserves were considered and heap leaching seemed the most attractive. At the time, Western Nuclear Inc. was operating a heap leaching project nearby in which the low-grade ore was leached with sulfuric acid, the product liquor treated in an on site solvent extraction circuit, and the stripped product liquor re-acidified and recycled. The operators were most generous in allowing us to visit their site and in answering our questions. They were also helpful in discussing the problems associated with heap leaching. Their experience confirmed our belief that it was possible to operate a heap leach profitably on material too low grade for conventional milling.

Jan 3, 1978

By T. A. Rickard

The dictionary defines 'jargon' as "barbarous or debased language". This description does not suffice. Quiller-Couch has said, it is "a kind of writing which, from a superficial likeness, commonly passes for prose in these days, and by lazy folk is commonly written for prose, yet actually is not prose at all ". The two main vices of jargon, he says, are "that it uses circumlocution rather than short straight speech", like the Babu who reported his mother's death by saying: "Regret to inform you, the hand that rocked the cradle has kicked the bucket ". Its other chief' vice is that "it habitually chooses vague woolly abstract nouns rather than concrete ones", like the newspaper statement; "He was conveyed to his place of residence in an intoxicated condition", instead of saying, "He was carried home drunk ". Jargon is "an infirmity of speech", it is not journalese, but akin to it. "Like respect- ability in Chicago, jargo4 stalks unchecked in our midst" and renders much technical writing ridiculous. It deals in periphrasis instead of going straight to the point, it loves the abstract rather than the concrete, it dabbles in words of sound rather than of meaning. Avoid it, despise it., if you purpose earnestly to write well. "III literature as in life he makes himself felt who not only calls 4 spade a spade but has the pluck to double spades and re-double." * Jargon is rampant in technical publications. Catalogues and other advertisements are conspicuous offenders, but with these the critic is not concerned, except in so far as such 'write-

Jan 1, 1931

1. New books Extractionmetallurgy'81. London, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 1981. 441 pp. $40. Structures and properties of engineering alloys, by W. F. Smith. London, McGraw-Hill, 1981. 512 pp. R89,65. Rock and mineral analysis, by W. M. Johnson and J. A. Maxwell (editors). 2nd ed. New York, Wiley, 1981. 424 pp. $40. Mining methods and equipment, by Mining Information Services. London, McGraw-Hill, 1981. 218 pp. International directory of acronyms in library, information and computer sciences, by P. M. Vaillancourt. New York, Bowker Publishing Co., 1980.516 pp. 2. New journals Trends in analytical chemistry (TRAC), Amsterdam, Elsevier, 12 issues per year. Subs. for Volume I (16 issues) D.H 95.50. Engineering management international, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 4 issues per year. V.S. $32.50, D.H. 70.00. 3. Mineral policy sector publications Mineral Bulletin MR 188. Vanadium: an imported mineral commodity. $3.60. Mineral Bulletin MR 190. Canadian mines: 1980 perspective. $3.00. Canadian mineral survey 1980, by the staff of Mineral Policy and Energy Sectors. $1.00. 4. NIM reports Report 2090 Observations made during the dig-out of a 48 MV A ferrochromium furnace. Report 2110 The investigation of a fracture on one side of a skip bridle in a mine shaft. Report 2111 Pilot-plant tests for the recovery of chromite and the noble metals from the UG-2 Reef at Maandagshoek. Report 2112 The behaviour of UG-2 chromite concentrates during smeUing. Report 2113 M uUivariable control of a milling circuit at East Driefontein Gold Mine. Report 2115 Estimation of material variation in powdered materials Report 2116 Optimum operation of a direct-reading spectrometer with excitation by a 5 kW inductively coupled plasma torch. Report 2121 Five robust indicators of central value. Report 2124 The direct determination, by differential pulse anodicstripping voUammetry at the thin mercury-film electrode,of cadmium, lead, and copper. Report 2127 The preparation of a reference material of South African zirconium concentrate from Richards Bay. Report 2128 The determination, by differential pulse anodic-stripping voltammetry at the thin mercury-film electrode, of cadmium and thallium in six NIMROC reference materials Report 2130 The organizing of conferences. Research grant The Board of Directors of International Precious Metals Institute in conjunction with Gemini Industries, Inc., a California-based refiner of precious metals, recently announced a Gemini Research Grant of $3000 will be awarded annually to a graduate student who is pursuing studies in metallurgy, chemical processes as it pertains to precious metals, or materials sciences, and who is performing or planning research studies in the precious metals. Accidents and diseases The Third International Colloquium for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases in the Iron and Metal Industry is to be held on 15th and 16th June, 1982, in Palma de Mallorca, Spain.

Jan 1, 1981

By M. J. Allan, D. J. Barratt

This paper reviews current testing methods for sizing autogenom and semiautogenom mills in the North American context with comments on the necessity for test work and requirements for different circuits and equipment selection. The economics of testing and the value received are discussed.

Jan 1, 1987

By S Brochot

During the development of a mining project, samples are taken for metallurgical tests. The sample can be a composite sample made of material coming from a selection of various drilling products or a sample coming from a mining test. This sample can represent several tonnes of material which are analysed and split to be used in various tests.In the current case, a composite sample is dedicated to semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) pilot plant tests. The property of interest is then the size distribution of the material. The sample is mixed and a subsample is taken to measure the size distribution which is considered as the feed size distribution. Then the remaining material of the sample is divided in several subsamples for batch grinding tests at different operating conditions. The product of each grinding test is then analysed to measure its size distribution.The grinding performances are analysed at the light of the measured size distributions for feed and product. But what is the accuracy of the measurement of these size distributions? What is the variability of the feed knowing each feed is just a subsample of the initial sample?The Pierre Gy theory of sampling answers these questions.The current paper presents, through a real example, the calculation of the measurement error of the size distributions and the variability of the feed between the different tests. The uncertainties of the grinding performances are then calculated and their impact on the results interpretation is then analysed.CITATION:Brochot, S, 2012. Sampling for grinding pilot plant test - the effect of size distribution variability, in Proceedings Sampling 2012 , pp 127-134 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Aug 21, 2012

The sulphide ores of the Kalgoorlie goldfield have long been looked upon as' refractory, involving special metallurgical treatment. For many years two kinds of treatment have been practised-(l) wet treatment, including fine grinding, amalgamation or concentration of the free gold, concentration of the sulphide minerals with subsequent roasting and cyanidation, and cyanidation or bromo-cyanidation of the residue from the concentrating operation; (2) dry-crushing of the ore and roasting the whole of thecrushed ore, amalgamation of the gold in the calcine during fine grading, followed by cyanidation. The wet treatment was advanced a stage further when, in 1929, the Lake View and Star Ltd. adopted large scale flotation. As a consequence, however, further metallurgical problems were introduced. This paper covers the investigation, ,of one of the most prominent of these problems.Flotation preceded by strakes was satisfactory to a point.The flotation concentrate consisted largely of auriferous pyrite and tellurides, and the gangue minerals in the concentrate were practically barren.Several sources of loss of gold values were, however, found to be associated with this circuit, viz.-(a) There was the loss of gold in the flotation tailing.(b) Loss by dusting during roasting of the flotation concentrate.(c) Loss of gold in the cyanided residue.

Jan 1, 1937

Aamot, Olav Crone, Chem. Engr., Norsk Elektrokemisk, Kongensgt. 18, Olso. Norway. '29 Abadilla.-Quirico A., Dir., Bureau of Mines Manila, P. I. '38 Abbott, Clarence E., V.P., Charge of Raw Materials, Tennessee Coal, Iron & R.R. Co., 1212 Brown-Marx Bldg., Birmingham, Ala. '04 Abel, Raymond L., Prof., Dept. of Pet. Refin., Univ. of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pa. '29 Abel. Walter D., Cons. Engr 1839 Holmby Ave., W. Los Angeles. Calif. '32 Abele, Louis T R. F. D. 5. Susquehanna Trail, N., York. Pa. '31 Abell, Leo M., Ore Dressing Investigator, School of Mines Adelaide, S. Australia. '31 Abenius. Hakan V., Mine Supt., Bolidens Gruvaktiebolag Boliden, Sweden. '37 Aborn, Robert H., Asst Met., Research Lab., U. S. Steel Corp. Lincoln Highway, Kearny, N. J. '19 Abraham, W. E. V., East India United Service-Club, 16 St. James' Sq., London, S. W. 1, England. '28 Abrams. Charles Jackson 1624 17th St., Denver, Colo. '36 Abstein, Henry T., Engr. & Mgr., Profile-Tamarack Mines Co Yellow Pine, Idaho. '27

Jan 1, 1938

By G. C. RIDDELL

THE metallurgist, chemist, and physicist are blazing trails that lead far afield. Pushing on into an "Alloy Age" they see a non-ferrous era over- taking iron and steel. Delving into the nature of the physical world, they break down a supposedly indivisible element, hydrogen. Not content with terrestrial problems, they peer back along the cosmic ray into iaterstellar space, glimpsing forces that are, apparently, still busy with the task of atom-making. Mastering and organizing the material and physical, they advance steadily toward that borderland of science where the concept of matter itself seems abandoned, and force is the substance left.

Jan 1, 1930

By C. -G. Berg, J. T. Tuominen

Since the beginning of the 20th century, energy efficiency in copper smelting has been improved by a factor of 30 as a result of adopting autogenous smelting processes with more and more efficient waste heat recovery systems, increasing use of oxygen enrichment and countless smaller improvements. Nevertheless, energy in the form of electricity and fuels continues to be the biggest contributor to smelter operating cost. Metallurgists around the world are under constant pressure to find ways to save those precious megajoules wherever they can. One area that is often neglected is the removal of water contained in concentrates. Copper flotation concentrates, as delivered to a smelter, typically contain some 8–12% moisture. This moisture must be removed and the only way to do this is by evaporation, which consumes a lot of energy. Several studies have shown that the most efficient way of removing this moisture is to use a steam- heated indirect dryer—the least efficient way being the feeding of wet concentrate directly into a smelting furnace. Even in the most efficient smelters that employ modern steam drying, the energy needed to remove the moisture from the concentrates constitutes over 15% of the total energy consumption of a smelter – acid plant complex. The major steps that have been taken in the past to lower the energy consumption of moisture removal are the use of drying in general and the adoption of steam drying. The energy efficiency of concentrate drying has been improved by 25% over the last 20 years. The latest giant leap in this area, the Kumera Heat Recovery Dryer, is the result of Kumera’s long-term development in improving the efficiency of concentrate drying. The Heat Recovery Dryer is a novel application of steam drying that uses the waste heat from dryer exhaust gas for drying concentrates, thus, cutting the energy consumption by a further 30%. This paper discusses energy consumption in copper smelting in general and analyzes the energy consumption of concentrate drying in detail. Different dryer types are compared especially from the perspectives of energy consumption and environmental emissions. Applicability of different energy sources for drying is evaluated and discussed. The principle of the Kumera Heat Recovery Dryer is presented along with results from extensive continuous pilot plant tests. Potential applications and the feasibility of Kumera Heat Recovery Drying technology are discussed.

Jan 1, 2019

By Carlton D. Hulin

ARE we a "have" or a "have-not" nation in our domestic supply of metals and minerals? Impinging on the ears of a people weary of war and faced with the problems of reconversion to peace, the import of this question has built up with the momentum of an avalanche. Stemming from statistics cited by Pehrson and accelerated by the pessimistic and possibly biased statements of Ickes, hardly an issue of any technical periodical dealing with mining has appeared during the past year but within whose pages was to be found some comment, some discussion of the question: Are we a "have" or a "have-not" nation? We have proved commercial reserves of high-grade iron ore in the Lake Superior region sufficient for 22 years, based upon the prewar rate of consumption; commercial copper reserves to last only 34 years, one fourth being inferred ore; zinc sufficient for nineteen years, over half being inferred; lead for twelve years, two thirds of which is inferred; mercury for only three years. So read the figures. Although admitting that these figures may be extended by new discoveries, by the use of marginal and submarginal ore, and by further technological advances, are we nevertheless to assume complete pessimism in the acceptance of the meaning of these statistics; are we to expect a rapidly increasing dependence upon foreign sources of mineral supply; are we to believe that we are at or near the peak of the "metal age" as has been held by Theodore J. Hoover? Or is some more optimistic viewpoint possible?

Jan 1, 1947

By H. W. McQuaid

IT IS usually assumed that chemical specifications are sufficient for steel to be used for case carburizing, and if the steel analyzes within the ordinary limits specified for steel for this purpose, no difficulty traceable to the steel used should be encountered in obtaining satisfactory results in the case carburizing and hardening. Much work has been done to determine the effect of various alloying elements on the rate of carbon penetration, etc. but, to our knowledge, little if anything has been published in regard to the effect of the quality of the steel on the final results in the hardening of case-carburized steel parts. The writers believe that the structure of the case both before and after quenching is greatly affected by the actual condition of the steel itself as made, and that for good results in the case-carburizing and hardening departments, the steel should be of the best possible quality as regards non-metallic impurities. It is the purpose of this paper to prove that the presence of excess dissolved oxides in the steel, as made in the melting furnace, affects permanently the results obtained in carburizing and hardening and that it is possible that the presence of dissolved oxide can result in total unfitness of low-carbon steel for, case hardening purposes. When races and rolls for roller bearings are made from a low-carbon steel, case carburized and hardened, it is of primary importance that the results of this treatment be of the highest quality. It is necessary, therefore, that in the case-carburizing work each detail be rigorously checked to avoid any defects which would cause the loss of much time and material. The case carburizing with which this paper deals was done in under-fired oil furnaces. The temperature of each furnace is controlled by means of a platinum platinum-rhodium thermocouple, in connection with a potentiometer indicator and potentiometer recorder. The temperature of each furnace is registered every 15 min. by an operator, who is continually checked by the automatic recorders.

Jan 2, 1922

By David Conover

The El Boleo Copper Project is currently in the final design stages for development of a 3-MM-tonne/yr underground copper mine located in Baja California, Mexico. The nearly horizontal mineralized zones are amenable to exploitation by conventional mechanized coal mining technology using continuous miners, shuttle cars, and belt haulage. The mine design resembles a typical full-extraction coal mining operation utilizing a sequence of mains, sub-mains and production panels. Due to numerous faults, mining will be conducted as several small adjacent mines accessed through adits from large arroyos cutting through the mine area. Up to four seams may be mined in some areas with a maximum overburden depth of about 250 m. The ore zone is relatively weak and plastic, subject to extensive creep over time. The mine workings will pass through areas of historical shortwall mining panels where the ground has flowed into old entries and gob areas, and then reconsolidated. A small test mine was developed to evaluate mechanical cutting performance, roof-bolt anchorage capacities, roof and pillar stability and caving behavior. In-mine measurements were combined with two- and three-dimensional FLAC models to evaluate alternative development and production pillar designs. The paper will discuss the various factors influencing ground stability at the El Boleo project and the strategies employed in developing a suitable ground control design.

Jan 1, 2009